Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:5 Issue: 12, Spring 2022

The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography to determine possible injuries in the abdominal cavity following mechanical trauma in order to identify cats with severe abdominal injuries that require urgent surgery.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 22 affected cats with abdominal injuries caused by mechanical trauma. The results of clinical examinations, ultrasound and laparotomy (if performed) and the final diagnosis of the patient were recorded and the positive and negative results of ultrasound were matched with the results of laparotomy and the clinical course of the patient.

In this study, the result of ultrasound in 14 cats (63.6%) was reported negative and without lesions and in 8 cats (36.4%) was positive. Among the mentioned cases, 6 cases (75%) had free-fluid abdominal lesion, 2 cases (25%) had pancreatic lesion, 1 case (12.5%) had kidney lesions, 1 case (12.5%) had intestinal lesions, and 2 cats (25%) had liver lesions. Therefore, the most common ultrasound report was free fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Of the 22 cases studied, 6 cases (27.3%) underwent laparotomy, and the result of laparotomy was positive in 5 cases (83.3%) and negative in 1 case (16.7%). In 2 cats (9.1%) the result of ultrasound was false negative and in one cat (4.54%) it was false positive. In this study, the sensitivity of ultrasound was 86.67% and its specificity was 85.71%.

In general, the results of this study show the important and valuable role of ultrasound as a primary diagnostic method to determine and diagnose free intra-abdominal fluid and intestinal and visceral injuries in ventricular trauma.

The objective of this study was to obtain the first time of pregnancy diagnosis and the images of fetal development in different times of pregnancy period using ultrasonography.

Two-dimensional ultrasound from day 25 to 120 of pregnancy was performed twice a week from days 25 to 65 and once a week from days 65 to 120 of pregnancy on ten Kurdish sheep. The ultrasonographic images were obtained Sonosite Titan (USA) 2D ultrasound machine.

On the 25th day, the pregnancy was diagnosed. On 39th day, clear pictures of pregnancy like amniotic membrane, and umbilicus were seen. On 75th day of gestation, internal organs of fetus like heart, kidney, liver, urinary bladder, and stomach were seen in the images. The scrotum in the male fetus was identified on the 89th day of gestation. Between the 110th and 120th days of gestation, complete details of internal organs were seen in ultrasonographic images.

The transrectal probe to detect pregnancy is better than transabdominal probe. The accuracy of 2D ultrasound was 100% for detecting pregnancy. The shape of fetus changes in the images from days 25 to 42 in each ultrasound scan, and on the 42nd day of pregnancy, the fetus is fully identified.

Hamburger is one of the foods that is made of beef or sheep meat and has its own nutritional value. However, this food item may carry many pathogenic microorganisms and on this basis the purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of Escherichia coli in traditional hamburgers of Qom city and the antibiotic resistance of isolates to imipenem and penicillin.

In this study, we randomly isolated 80 cases of traditional hamburgers from the supply centers of this product in Qom city and transferred them to the veterinary health laboratory in Qom city on ice, and isolated Escherichia coli and investigated the antibiotic resistance of the isolates.

In this study, out of a total of 80 traditional hamburger samples, 20 cases were infected with Escherichia coli and the highest resistance of the isolates was related to gentamicin with 10% and tetracycline with 15%, respectively.

Considering that Escherichia coli has dangerous strains such as O157H7 and the most consumers of hamburgers are children and teenagers, so it is necessary that the health control of raw materials and tools be evaluated more by regulatory institutions.

One of the most widely consumed dairy products is milk, which has a high nutritional value and is favorable for the growth of microorganisms due to its environmental nutrients and due to the sensitivity of this product, ensuring the health and bacteriological quality after Pasteurization is of particular importance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the amount of coliform contamination and the total number of bacteria in pasteurized milk in kermanshah city.

To measure the microbial load of pasteurized milk in Kermanshah city, coliforms were performed using the most probable number of MPN on lactose culture medium and to count the total number of bacteria from the standard number 5272. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and SPSS software version 22.

The results of testing 144 samples of pasteurized milk performed in twelve months, showed that the contamination rate was 46% (29 out of 144 cases) and the highest contamination with coliforms was in July with 4 cases (33.3%) and the lowest contamination was related to August and November with 1 case (8.33%). Also, the highest amounts of bacteria were related to July, August and September, respectively, and the lowest was related to January.

According to the obtained analyzes, it was found that the amount of coliform contamination and the total number of bacteria was less than standard and indicates the standardization of monitoring systems, HACCP and health in pasteurization chain.

Fruit juice is one of the best drinks that provide a major part of the body's needs for vitamins and is considered a suitable source to compensate for wasted water, but if health standards are not met, it is considered as a potential source of contamination. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the microbial load of apple, grape and orange juice during the radiation period.

500 ml of fruit juice including natural apple, grape and orange juice were randomly provided from fruit juice supply centers in the Shahrekord city and then the fruit juice was passed through device to perform tests (manufactured by Pars UV company, model 1X). The microbial load measurement method was carried out in accordance with the standard-4207 of Iran's National Standard Organization and using serial dilution method, and 4 and 3 dilutions of the tubes were prepared. Then, they were radiated in zero, 30, 60 and 120 second treatments. The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software and the one-way ANOVA method was used to evaluate the data.

Based on the statistical analysis, it was found that the highest lethality was related to the time of 120 seconds in all three types of fruit juice and there was a significant relationship between the duration of UV radiation and the reduction of the microbial load in the fruit juice.

According to the analyzes obtained from the UV method on the reduction of the microbial load of fruit juices, it could be said that if this method is radiated effectively to liquids, then it can have a significant effect on reducing the bacterial contamination.

Due to the importance of the respiratory system in vertebrates, especially in birds, and due to the fact that birds need more oxygen to fly, important and special anatomical changes and adaptations have occurred in these animals. In this study, the histoanatomical and radiological examination of lungs in birds was carried out.

For this purpose, 16 Healthy male and female adult white English quail with average weight of 160 ± 5.35 grams was studied. At the beginning, lateral and ventro-dorsal radiographs of the birds were prepared. Then the birds were examined anatomically, and parameters related to the weight, length, width and thickness of the lungs were obtained. Finally, the lungs were removed from the coelomic cavity of the bird and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue sections of the samples were prepared and subjected to histomorphometric evaluation.

Radiological examination shows that the right and left lungs in English white quail are located in the first intercostal space to the sixth intercostal space. Anatomical examination, while confirming the radiological results, shows that the average of lung weight, ratio of lung weight to total body weight, lung length, lung width and the number of lung incisions in the male birds are 0.981±0.065 grams, 0.00623±0.00045, 2.57±0.030 cm, 1.53±0.021 cm, and 5.00±0.00 respectively, and in the female birds, are 0.935±0.028 grams, 0.0587±0.00023, 2.50±0.033 cm, 1.34±0.024 cm, and 5.00±0.00 respectively. According to histological results, primary and secondary and Para bronchioles (tertiary bronchioles) have ciliated stratified columnar, simple cuboidal and simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelium.

The lungs are pyramidal and unlobated in shape and light pink in color, located in the 1st to 6th intervertebral space. There were no significant differences in the radiological, anatomical and histological structure of the lungs in male and female English white quails.