Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

There is ample evidence that people with heart failure have many physical, psychological, emotional and psychological consequences.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training with positive psychology on hostility and physiological parameters among cardiovascular patients.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design having a control group. The statistical population included cardiovascular patients referred to cardiology centers in Tehran in the first 6 months of 2020. The sample consisted of 45 patients who were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Participants completed a hostility questionnaire before and after the intervention (Radford, 1990). Mindfulness-based stress reduction training program with positive psychology was performed for 8 sessions, each session for 90 minutes and once a week for the two experimental groups. The control group did not receive any training. To test the hypotheses, ANCOVA and MANCOVA analysis were used with LSD post hoc test.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between the two approaches.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention and positive psychology can be suggested as effective methods to enhance general health and lifestyle and reduce hostility among cardiovascular patients.

Chronic pain can cause numerous psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and frustration.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on childhood abuse, depression, and chronic pain improvement in women.

The method of this study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women with chronic pain in Sari in 2019. By convenience sampling method, 20 women with chronic pain who were eligible were selected and randomly tested in two groups of 10. To collect data, the psychological maltreatment Inventory (Coates & Messman-Moore, 2014), multidimensional pain inventory (Kernes et al. 1994), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung, 1967) were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS.24 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics using analysis of variance and multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that mindfulness-based on stress reduction was effective on decreasing childhood abuse (P<0.01), depression (P<0.01), and chronic pain (P<0.01).

It can be concluded that mindfulness-based on stress reduction was effective on decreasing childhood abuse, depression, and chronic pain in women and this treatment can be used to improve the problems of women with chronic pain.

Diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease and one of the most important public health problems, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which increases the risk of developing and exacerbating the symptoms of diabetes.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness between web-based motivational interviewing and web-based diabetes self-management education on glycemic control in diabetic patients type 2.

The present study was quasi-experimental research with pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital and municipality health centers in Tehran in 2021. A total of 45 people who met the inclusion criteria were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. Data were collected by glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1c) (HbA1c). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that the difference between the mean of self-management training compared to the control group (P=0.012) shows that self-management education is more effective in reducing three-month HbA1c in diabetic patients. The results also show that the effectiveness of motivational interviewing and self-management in reducing fasting blood sugar are not significantly different and therefore the difference in their effectiveness is almost the same and is not significant.

The effectiveness of web-based motivational interviewing interventions and diabetes self-management education on controlling blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin can be used as web-based and online psychological interventions to help manage the disease.

A considerable part of homosexual men's tensions and inconsistencies can be explained by anti-homosexual social attitudes.

This study aimed to determine the structural equation modeling of the relationship between locus of control, attitudes toward homosexuality and social adjustment in gay men by mediating the role of attributional styles.

The present study was a correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all gay and bisexual men in Tehran in 2019 who were selected by snowball sampling method of 206 people considering the probability of fall of the sample. The research tools included the Social Adjustment Scale (1976), Multifaceted Health Lodging Scale (1976), Attributional Style Questionnaire of Peterson et al. (1982), Researcher-Made Attitude to Homosexuality Questionnaire (2018). In this study, the structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data with spss.22 and AMOS 24.0.

The direct path coefficient between attitude to homosexuality (p<0.05, β=0.279), locus of control (p<0.05, β=0.237), attributional styles (p<0.01, β=-0.390), attitude to homosexuality (p<0.01, β=0.136) and social adjustment were significant. The indirect path coefficient between control location and social adjustment was positive and at the level of 0.05 was significant (p<0.05, β=0.123).

It can be concluded that attribution styles mediate the relationship between locus of control and social adjustment in homosexual men.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses experienced a variety of psychological traumas due to their close encounters with patients. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the role of psychological distress and difficulty in emotion regulation in predicting post-traumatic stress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The method of the present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consists of male and female nurses of medical services centers in the fifth and sixth districts of Tehran in 2021. A sample of 300 nurses was selected by convenience sampling method and then the data were collected using questionnaires of post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress and difficulty in emotion regulation.

The results showed a significant positive correlation between post-traumatic stress and depression, anxiety, stress, rejection of emotional responses, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, difficulty in performing purposeful behavior, limited access to emotional regulation strategies and there was no emotional state (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that psychological distress and difficulty in regulating emotion predict 75% of post-traumatic stress in nurses.

The results indicate a significant correlation between psychological distress and difficulty in regulating emotion with post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the fact that nurses have been infected with this deadly virus since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and have experienced a lot of stress, it is necessary to take measures to increase the mental health of nurses.

Due to its size, vascular structure, and fragile parenchyma, the liver is considered the most common cause of mortality due to abdominal solid organ injury. Here we present a case of a patient suffering from blunt liver trauma with a review of the literature.

A young 33 years old male patient was referred to our medical center by the EMS with a chief complaint of pain and dyspnea due to direct thoracoabdominal trauma. The patient presented with hypotension and was transferred to the intensive care unit for close monitoring. Radiologic investigations showed lung contusion with grade V liver injury. The patient underwent damage control surgery and the definitive surgery following that and showed no signs of complication during the hospital stay and follow-up visits.

Trauma is among the leading causes of death worldwide, with head and extremities being the most affected injury sites, followed by abdominal trauma. The most affected group is young males. During the last decades, non-operative management(NOM) of abdominal trauma has increasingly gained popularity among surgeons due to the prevention of laparotomy complications such as infections. Concomitant injuries, including solid and hollow organs alongside liver trauma, affect the morbidity and mortality status of the patient and are associated with high mortality rates if not addressed immediately and appropriately.

Drug addiction is one of the great challenges in human societies, it has many hidden and visible dimensions and angles, therefore, this issue can be considered from different aspects.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of short-term cognitive-behavioral group therapy and brief intervention on the mental health dimensions of addicts covered by harm reduction centers in Ahvaz.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. From two harm reduction centers in Ahvaz, a simple center was randomly selected. After sampling and estimating the sample size, 80 people were selected and the study groups were divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) in a simple random manner. A general health questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance with SPSS.22 and a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral group therapy and brief intervention had no significant effect on physical symptoms and social functioning, but cognitive-behavioral group therapy and brief intervention had a significant effect on anxiety (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.001). Comparison of means shows that brief intervention is more effective than cognitive-behavioral group therapy (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that two cognitive-behavioral group therapies and brief interventions were effective in improving the mental health of addicts under the auspices of harm reduction centers in Ahvaz.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a period of resistance-power training and vitamin D supplementation on serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration and physical function in elderly women.

44 elderly women volunteered and were randomly divided into four groups of training + placebo (TP), training + vitamin D (TS), vitamin D (vit D) and placebo (P). The training groups performed a weight training program for 12 weeks (three sessions per week). People in the Vitamin D group took one 50,000 IU vitamin D jelly tablet every two weeks, and the P group took one placebo capsule (rice flour). Blood samples were taken from all subjects before and after the training and measured serum Vitamin D and IGF-1. Physical function indices were also measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and R3.5.2 software, and analysis of variance of weighted repeated measures.

Serum vitamin D was significantly increased in TS and vit D groups compared to control group, while it was significantly decreased in TP group (p ≤ 0.05). Training and supplementation interventions had not significant effects on serum IGF-1 (p ≥ 0.05). There was a significant increase between physical function indices in the TS and TP groups compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Performing resistance-power training in the elderly improved the physical function indices; however adding vitamin D supplementation to the trainings did not had a greater effect on physical function.

Cancers are the most important cause of death from diseases and children with leukemia have poor social skills and are very aggressive.

This study aimed to compare the effects of play therapy and story therapy on social skills and aggression in children with leukemia.

This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all children with leukemia referred to Mahak Center in 2019. 45 children were selected and equally divided into one control and two experimental groups. The follow-up stage was performed on all groups three months after the post-test. The research instruments included Aggression Children Questionnaire and Social Skills Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.

Compared to the control group, both treatments had a significant effect on social skills and aggression in leukemia children (p<0.05). Also, play therapy had a greater impact on social skills and aggression than story therapy (p<0.05).

The effectiveness of play therapy on social skills and aggression in leukemia children was more than story therapy, so play therapy is recommended for children.