Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 7, 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on mastitis treatment outcome and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin D level in serum.

In this study 3 groups of cows were evaluated, which are as follows: 1.The control group that did not have clinical mastitis and other inflammatory diseases. 2. Experimental group (1) that had clinical mastitis underwent routine field treatment. 3. Experimental group (2) that had clinical mastitis underwent routine field treatment along with vitamin E and selenium. After disinfecting, blood samples were obtained from jugular vein by clot tube and venoject at the both time of diagnosis and recovery. The level of vitamin D was assayed by chromatography and MDA was measured by ELISA method.

The results showed that the average levels of vitamin D in serum of mastitic cows were lower and MDA was upper than healthy cows as there was a significant difference between sick groups (mastitic cows) and healthy cows in those parameters. It was also determined that vitamin D level had increased and MDA decreased in the treated cows in the recovery period. According to the findings of this research it is obvious that in experimental group (2) vitamin E and selenium consumption had led to a significant decrease in MDA and increased vitamin D level in serum as there was a significant difference between the time of diagnosis and recovery in experimental group (2).

Therefore, it can be said that although the vitamin E and selenium consumption is seemingly increased body resistance and the level of vitamin D and decreased in MDA levels in the recovery period and prevented the disease from becoming chronic, there was no clinically improvement in the recovery process.

Overuse of antibiotics culminated in increasing of frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, new drugs with minimum complication are needed. Nowadays, herbal drugs as new remedy have been considered to reduce frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was isolation and molecular identification of Streptococcus mutans as an important agent of dental decay and the evaluation of antimicrobial effect of herbal medicine on them.

To perform the study 50 oral samples were collected from ordinary people and cultivated on the nutrient agar plates. In addition, 27 herbal medicine plants were purchased and water and hydro alcoholic extracts of them were prepared. Then, the antimicrobial effects of water and hydro alcoholic extracts of herbal medicine plants were evaluated on the isolates. In addition, MIC, MBC and Arbitrary units of the effective herbal medicine plants were determined.

The results indicated that Streptococcus was predominant oral microflora and Streptococcus mutans were isolated in high frequency. Out of all herbal plants, Mazoo plant, oak plant, Myrtus commuis and Tribulus terrestris exhibited high antimicrobial property on Streptococcus mutans isolates. However, hydroalcolic Mazoo plant extract showed relatively more antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, MIC, MBC and Arbitrary unit of the Mazoo plant extract was relatively less. Hence, our finding showed antimicrobial effect of Mazoo plant extracts on oral microbiota viz., Streptococcus mutans.

Therefore, consumption of aliquot of hydroalcolic Mazoo plant extract can be eliminated oral infections as well as dental decay. However, it needs more investigation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that is mainly associated with disruption of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Seleglin acts as a neuroprotector to improve Parkinson's symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Medicinal plants have been considered from ancient times to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease; however, the effective doses of these drugs are not known. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of rosemary and Seleglin on behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s animal model.

Sixty mature mice in the weight range of 25 to 30g were divided into seven groups: control, Parkinson’s, Seleglin, and 50,100, and 200 mg/kg of hydro-alcoholic extract of rosemary. In order to induce Parkinson's disease, rotenone poison was injected intraperitoneal in 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg doses every other day for 19 days. Control group received only rotenone carrier (dimethyl sulfoxide and sunflower oil) in 48 ml/kg dose. Rearing and bar behavioral models were used to evaluate the disease.

Hydro-alcoholic extract of rosemary in 200 mg/kg dose increased the duration of animal's presence on 10 cm bar significantly and the number of animal attempts in 20 cm glass cylinder which indicate reduction of Parkinson’s symptoms. Also, this dose increased movement activity of mice significantly.

According to results, rosemary’s extracts can affect Parkinson’s symptoms dose dependently.

Zataria multiflora Boiss is a thymelike plant from the Lamiaceae family. It has some properties such as: disinfectant, antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antibacterial activities and decreases blood's pressure, glucose and lipid. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss on pituitary – thyroid axis (TSH, T3 and  T4)  hormones in male wistar rats.

48 male wistar rats weighing 200±l0g were divided into six groups of eight: The experimental groups received 100,200,300 and 400 mg/kg/day of hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss for 28 days intraperitoneally. The sham group received only 0.2ml distilled water as solvent. Control group received nothing. 24h after the last administration, blood samples were collected and serum of samples was separated.Blood concentration of T3, T4 and TSH were measured by RIA.

TSH, T3 and T4 hormones concentrations showed increase in experimental groups compared with the control group. These increases were significant for both T3 and T4 in experimental groups 3 and 4 compared with control group and for TSH in experimental group 4 compared with control group.

According to the negative feedback mechanism, increased blood concentration of T3 and  T4 decreases TSH. Increased TSH level in this study may be due to effects of different chemical compounds of extract which waste  negative feedback of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis or induce resistance in Pituitary gland to not decrease TSH. Performing additional studies, Zataria multiflora extract can be used in hypothyroidism treatment.

One of the most common infections, especially nosocomial infections in humans, is urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI-causing agents include bacteria, fungi and viruses. Bacteria, especially Escherichia coli with about 85% is the most common cause of this type of infection. Other bacteria include Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Neisseria, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. The aim of this study is evaluation the prevalence of uncommon bacteria in the incidence of UTI using phenotypic and molecular (PCR) methods detection.

In this study, during six months, 235 urine samples were collected from patients referred to Iran Hospital who had UTI symptoms, and simultaneously with microbial culture in the laboratory, DNA extraction was performed using extraction kits and PCR test with specific primers to detect these bacteria in each Samples were taken.

In the samples, 137 samples (58.29%) contained uncommon UTI bacteria. The prevalence of uncommon bacteria was as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa 74 samples (31.4%), Enterococcus faecalis 61 samples (25.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 32 samples (13.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2 Sample (10.2%), Proteus Myrabilis 13 specimens (5.5%), Neisseria gonorrhoea 7 specimens (2.9%), Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma 5 specimens each (2.1%). Only 19.7% of samples containing uncommon bacteria were detected by routine laboratory methods (phenotypic diagnosis).

The prevalence of these bacteria varies according to the geographical location, level of health, health control and level of culture of each country. Delay in accurate identification of these bacteria increases bacterial resistance to antibiotics prescribed by physicians.

Principles of food preservation means performing processes that protect food against spoilage agents. Food is spoiled by biological agents, chemical and physical reactions. Humans have always used a variety of storage methods to prevent food spoilage. Therefore, the ideal preservation method is a process that inactivates microorganisms and stops destructive reactions with minimal damage to the structure of the food. Chicken culture is one of the most important parts of the diet of the people of the world, especially Iran. Chicken meat has no trans fatty acids, while beef has about 4-5% and mutton has about 2% of trans acids. One of the important advantages of white meat over red meat. White meat is also a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Adults' need for vitamin B3 is met by daily consumption of 2 grams and children with 50 grams of chicken meat. Chicken meat can be used for low-income groups due to its cheaper price, higher quality and, of course, less saturated fat. Due to its highly perishable nature, many conditions and methods are used to preserve and reduce the risk of spoilage of chicken meat. New and appropriate methods are used today. In order to minimize the damage to food during storage until consumption, various packaging techniques have been introduced to the market. In this article, a review of new methods of meat preservation is discussed.