فهرست مطالب

Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Dec 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/10/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Ahmed Jaber Ibrahim Pages 5-19

    In this study, zinc acetate (as a precursor) and activated carbon carboxylic acid derivative were used to create the nanostructure of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a matrix. The carboxylic acid derivative was produced by modifying the oxidized activated carbon with nitric acid (AC-COOH). The modified activated carbon's surface was then impregnated with zinc to load it. By using BET, XRD, and SEM to characterize the ZnO nanostructure, it was discovered that it was composed of nanoparticles with a surface area capacity of 17.78 m2 g-1 and a size range of 21–31 nm. The photocatalytic hydrolysis of the dye methyl orange in an aqueous medium served as a test case for the catalyst's performance. The primary variables were considered, including pH, catalyst dose, stirring effect, and starting dye concentration. Measurements of activity below UV light revealed satisfactory outcomes for photocatalytic hydrolysis of the methyl orange (MO). In addition, the efficiency of the methyl orange (MO) photolysis catalyst prepared with unmodified activated carbon was also evaluated. The outcomes proved that zinc oxide (ZnO), made using a derivative carboxylic acid of activated carbon molecules by a matrix, had more good photocatalytic action than zinc oxide (ZnO) made by the real activated carbon matrix.

    Keywords: Degradation, Zinc oxide, Nanostructure, Methyl orange, Photocatalytic
  • Asha Valsalan, Paramasivan Sivaranjana Pages 20-42

    Due to the development of nanotechnology and changing customer demands for food safety and hygiene, the food packaging industry is growing significantly. In today’s worldwide market, active packaging offers a number of advantages over traditional wrapping because of its capacity to absorb or release substances to improve the shelf life of food. Traditional food packaging materials are difficult to recycle and are made from nonrenewable fossil fuels. The development of biodegradable films using Nano cellulose can be a good replacement for synthetic plastic packaging materials and can be a good solution for this problem. Other than that it has multiple advantages regarding tensile and physical properties, also as reducing health hazards. Tensile and physical characteristics are improved and water vapor permeability is decreased with the addition of cellulose nanoparticles to the biodegradable films/biodegradable composite films. The production of biodegradable materials employing Nano cellulose has been covered in this review study in four different ways, including extracts from agricultural waste, rice husk, various plant extracts, and biopolymer composite material in food packaging. The reason for using Nano cellulose-based biodegradable films in food packaging is also reviewed in this article. The key points for future research in overcoming the problems related to Nano cellulose and biodegradable films are also predicted in the paper.

    Keywords: Nano cellulose, Biodegradable Films, Food Packaging, Extraction methods, Test methods, Tensile, physical characteristics
  • Sara H Mutasher, Hadi Salman Al-Lami Pages 43-54

    The energy crisis and environmental concerns have increased intere s t in natural polymers, and the bio-sourced materials field is experiencing rapid growth. A useful alternative to conventional pla s tic packaging manufactured from fossil fuels is packaging con s tructed of biodegradable polymers. Consideration has been given to the in s trumental methods for examining modifications to the chemical composition and characteri s tics of modified chitosan. The molecular weight and the kind of pla s ticizer present in these materials are the two primary variables influencing their usability and performance. This s tudy set out to physically blend chitosan with two different acids, lauric and maleic, to enhance chitosan ca s t films’ physical and mechanical properties. Different pla s ticizer ratios appeared to have little effect on the various properties of the chitosan ca s t films. Examining the obtained films by FTIR implies that chitosan’s native s tructure was unchanged. The films prepared had more flexibility and better solubility than those made with un-pla s ticized chitosan. It was evident from an analysis of the mechanical properties of the films that both acid pla s ticizers enhanced the mechanical properties of the chitosan.

    Keywords: Chitosan, Lauric acid, Maleic acid, Films pla s ticizers, Mechanical properties, Solubility
  • Payam Khazaeli, Atefeh Ameri, Mitra Mehrabani, Morteza Barazvan, Marzieh Sajadi ‎Bami, Behzad Behnam Pages 55-65

    Applying sunscreen is essential for protecting the skin from UV’s acute and chronic effects. Some of these products on the market display side effects and are expensive. There is a great demand for effective, cheap, safe, and herbal sunscreens with a wide range of sun protection activities. This s tudy aimed to evaluate the photoprotection, cytotoxicity, and phototoxicity of aqueous extracts of Cuscuta campe s tris (CC-AE) and Rosa damascena (RD-AE). The maceration method prepared the CC-AE and RD-AE from the aerial branch. In-vitro photoprotection was evaluated by determining the sun protective factor (SPF) of CC-AE and RD-AE by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity and phototoxicity s tudies were assessed using the MTT assay on 3T3 cells. In the final, the PIF (Photo Inhibitor Factor) was calculated. The SPF values of CC-AE and RD-AE were found at 11.10±0.05 and 1.36±0.04, respectively, at the concentration of 0.2 mg mL-1. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of CC-AE and RD-AE was obtained at 35.05±0.91 μg mL-1 and 40.7±0.87 μg mL-1, respectively. The phototoxicity analysis showed that CC-AE and RD-AE had low PIF values and were considered as the probable phototoxic. Overall, regarding the considerable SPF and PIFs values plus the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of these extracts, they can be evaluated for further pharmaceutical formulations.

    Keywords: Cuscuta campe s tris, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Rosa damascene, Sun protective factor, Phototoxicity
  • Aliyeh Sarabandi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Javad Asili, Moharam Valizadeh, Khalilollah Taheri, Jafar Valizadeh Pages 66-76

    Ducrosia anethifolia (Apiaceae) is a medicinal aromatic plant di s tributed in Iran and Afghani s tan. This research aims to inve s tigate the composition of the plant essential oil, determine the total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and evaluate its antioxidant activities after ethanol foliar feeding. For this purpose, 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% v/v of aqueous ethanol solutions were sprayed on different batches of the plants. Then, the essential oils were obtained using water di s tillation. Compounds were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(GC-MS) using a validated method. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robu s tness, LOD, and LOQ. The total contents of phenols and flavonoids were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. The results showed that n-decanal, cis-verbenyl acetate and dodecanal were the major compounds in all treatments. However, alcohol could cause significant differences in the essential oils qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that 40% ethanol could increase the number of phenolics and flavonoids and consequently the antioxidant activity. Thus, ethanol foliar feeding can be used as an appropriate approach to increase the essential oil of D. anethifolia as well as its phenolic and flavonoid contents.

    Keywords: Ducrosia anethifolia, GC-MS, Spectrophotometry, Foliar feeding, Essential oil, Antioxidant
  • Roman G. Sirotkin, Corresponding Author, Elena V. Elipasheva, Alexander V. Knyazev, Viktoria A. Bobrova Pages 77-86

    The ion chromatographic method was developed to determine tetrafluoroborate ion (BF4-) in different types of water using ion pair liquid-liquid dispersive microextraction. Tetrafluoroborate was extracted into an organic phase (1,2-dichloroethane) as an ion pair with a tetrabutylammonium cation (TBA+). The mo s t complete formation of [(ТBА+)(BF4-)] was observed at ion-pair reagent concentration of at lea s t 5 mmol L-1 (C(BF4-) ≤ 1mg L-1). Ultrasonic irradiation was used to disperse the extractant. The achieved concentration factor (K) was 29±3, and the degree of extraction (R) was 50±5%. The limit of detection of tetrafluoroborate using the microextraction technique was 7×10-3 mg L-1. The method applies to the analysis of different water origins. The presence of the main contained anions does not interfere with the microextraction and chromatographic determination of tetrafluoroborate. The maximum molar ratio of BF4- to diverse ions is 1:104 for fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate ions, and 1:102 for sulfate and perchlorate ions.

    Keywords: Tetrafluoroborate, Microextraction, Ion chromatography, Ion pair, Wa s tewa
  • Safoora Javan, MohammadReza Rezaei Kahkha, Fahimeh Moghaddam, Mohsen Faghihi-Zarandi, Anahita Hejazi Pages 87-95

    Methyl orange (MO) is a common anionic azo dye that is a serious harmful pollutant to the environmental aquatic systems, so it must be treated before it can be discharged. Photocatalysts are usually semiconducting solid oxides that create an electron-hole pair by absorbing photons. These electron holes can react with molecules on the surface of the particles. Photocatalysts are used in water purification, self-cleaning glasses, the decomposition of organic molecules, etc. Photocatalysts are environmental cleaning materials that remove pollution from surfaces and can destroy organic compounds when exposed to sunlight or fluorescence. The photocatalytic process follows the following principles. Bentonite mineral is a natural adsorbent material that has good adsorption capacity. In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with cerium were prepared by the sol-gel method (SGM) and deposited on bentonite clay to degrade methyl orange (MO) dye. Important parameters that affected degradation efficiency such as contact time, amount of nanocatalyst, and initial dye concentration were investigated and optimized. Results showed that 100% degradation efficiency was obtained at 60 mg of nanocatalyst and 50 mg L-1 of methyl orange in 120 minutes. The Kinetics of the degradation process was consistent with pseudo-second-order and the adsorption isotherm of MO dye on nanocatalyst was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The reusability of the synthesized nanocatalyst showed that the nanocatalyst was applied successfully seven times without a significant change in degradation efficiency.

    Keywords: Photocatalyst, Degradation, Clay, Bentonite, Methyl Orange, Dye