نشریه شناخت اجتماعی
پیاپی 21 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

The results of studies have shown that insecure attachment is related to risky behaviors. But the underlying mechanism of this relationship has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of reflective functioning in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and risky behaviors.

This study was a descriptive-correlation research. The studied sample included the students of Tehran. The studied sample included the students of Tehran. Among them, 329 were selected through available sampling. Subjects completed reflective functioning scale, insecure attachment styles, and high-risk behavior questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Spss-24 and AMOS software. The path analysis method was used to analyze the data.

The results showed the direct effect of reflective functioning on risky behaviors. Also, the mediating role of reflective functioning between attachment styles and risky behaviors was significant.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that insecure attachment along with reflective functioning play an important role in the formation of risky behaviors of students. For this reason, psychotherapeutic interventions are of special importance to prevent the formation of these risky behaviors.

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation in improving visual response control and everyday memory among patients with ischemic stroke. For this purpose, 20 patients with ischemic stroke (with an average age of 38 to 73 years) were selected by the available sampling method then they were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups. Cognitive assessment of patients, including pre-intervention, evaluation immediately after the intervention and three months after intervention using Sunderland everyday memory Questionnaire (1983) and IVA+Plus (2015) (Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance) Test was done. The experimental group received 15 sessions for 20 minutes with a current of 2 mA Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) for four weeks, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measure. According to the findings, treatment of transcranial direct current stimulation has had a positive effect on improving the cognitive functions such as everyday memory and visual response control of patients with ischemic stroke in the experimental group . also obtained these results at the follow-up stage, which was 3 months after the intervention. (p<0/05). Therefore, this study has provided evidence for the effectiveness of a transcranial direct current stimulation program (TDCS) on everyday memory and visual response control in patients with ischemic stroke, which can improve memory and visual response control in this category of patients and can have a positive effect on the cognitive performance of patients.

The aim of the present study was to Effectiveness of functional learning Program on Cognitive Performance of Children with Developmental Delay. The research method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with follow-up and control group. The research population consisted of 4-6 year-old children with developmental delay who were under training in kindergartens and preschool centers in Tabriz. The multistage random sampling method was employed in such a way that three regions were selected randomly and from each of them, three kindergartens and pre-school centers were randomly selected. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3 (WPPSI-III) was administered on children for screening, and the number of 30 students with development cognitive delays and enjoyed inclusion criteria were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Afterwards, a 16-session functional learning Program was performed on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS- 22. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the subjects in the experimental group and control group in terms of cognitive performance in post-test and follow up stages (P <0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that a functional learning Program has led to an increase in cognitive performance in children with developmental delays.

the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of academic adjustment based on cognitive load, cognitive flexibility, and metacognitive awareness, with the mediation of social-emotional competence and time perspective. Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The statistical population included all high school students of Talesh city in the academic year 2021-2022, which Among them 384 people were selected by accessible sampling method and completed the questionnaires online. The instruments was include Baker & Seriak's academic adjustment scale (1984), Paas, Van Merenboer, Adam's (1994) cognitive load questionnaire, Dennis& Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Mokhtari &Richard's (2002) metacognitive awareness of reading strategies questionnaire, social-emotional competence scale by Ming Ming Zhou& Jesse E. (2012), Zimbardo &Boyd's time perspective questionnaire (1999). The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of structural equation analysis indicated the significance of the coefficients of the direct path between cognitive load and cognitive flexibility with academic adjustment in the final model. According to the first path, the positive mediating role of social-emotional competence in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and metacognitive awareness It was determined with academic adjustment. In the second path, it was found that the time perspective has a positive role due to cognitive flexibility and metacognitive awareness on academic adjustment. Using strategies to increase cognitive flexibility and metacognitive awareness and reduce undesirable cognitive load can lead to an increase in academic adjustment in students.

The present study aims to predict the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine based on death anxiety, social capital, and superstition.

The research population included all the people who were eligible to receive the vaccine in the summer and fall of 1400, out of which there were 150 people in two groups including people over 18 years of age who were willing to receive various types of Covid- 19 vaccines (75 people) and the people who did not want to accept it (75 people) were selected as the research sample using the purposeful sampling method. The participants were asked to respond to Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), Delaware's Social Capital Questionnaire (1384), and Azizkhani's Superstition Tendency Questionnaire (1392). In addition to descriptive statistics, discriminant analysis was used for data analysis.

The results obtained with the simultaneous discriminant analysis method confirmed the research hypothesis of predicting the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine based on death anxiety, social capital and superstition (prediction coefficient equal to 0.65). Also, the results of the discriminant analysis with the step-by-step method showed that the two variables of social capital, and superstition are the strongest predictors of accepting or not accepting the Covid-19 vaccine (prediction coefficient equal to 0.64).

The results indicate the predictive role of all three variables of death anxiety, social capital, and superstition in accepting or rejecting the Covid-19 vaccine, which plays an important role in improving the health of society. The findings were discussed in detail.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on improving executive functions. The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys with depression disorder at the age range of 4 to 5.5 years in Isfahan. Thirty children and parents were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Preschool Children Emotion Checklist (Lobby et al., 2004) and the Parents' Reaction to Child's Negative Emotions Scale (Mirabel, 2015) were used to collect data. The mentioned therapy was implemented in 14 sessions of 1 hour per week for the subjects in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance showed that emotion-oriented parent-child interactive therapy had a significant effect on improving executive functions with a coefficient of 0.81, also this treatment on the components of executive functions including change, inhibition, planning, emotional control And working memory has been effective. Therefore, parent-child interactive therapy focused emotional on parent's reactions can be used as a therapeutic strategy for parents to improve executive functions.

The aim of this study was to compare the recognition of facial emotions and cognitive biases in people with body dysmorphic disorder and people without body dysmorphic disorder.

The method of the present study was causal-comparative.The statistical population of the present study included all people with body dysmorphic disorder in the age group of 25 to 35 years in 2019. The research sample included 70 people (35 people in each group) who were selected by available sampling methods. Data was collected using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Phillips et al. 1997), The Interpretations Questionnaire-modified (IQ-modified; adapted from Buhlmann et al. 2002), and the Facial Emotions Recognition Test (Ekman & Friesen, 1976). The data was analyzed using t-test and non-parametric Friedman test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.01) between people with body dysmorphic disorder and People without body dysmorphic disorder in cognitive biases. Also, there was a significant difference (P <0.01) between the two groups of individuals without body dysmorphic disorder and individuals with body dysmorphic disorder in the component of recognizing facial emotions.

The results of the statistical analysis showed that people with body dysmorphic disorder have more and more negative body-related cognitive biases compared to people without body dysmorphic disorder. Also, people with body dysmorphic disorder  perform weaker than people without body dysmorphic disorder in recognizing facial emotions except sadness. It seems that these variables play an essential role in the formation and continuation of this disorder..

 This study examined the mediating effect of self-balance on the structural relationship between cognitive ability and social problem solving with attention.

Research method was descriptive and correlational. Subjects were 308 participants (188 female and 114 male) selected by available sampling among aircrew of Iran Air company. To collect data, the following questionnaires were used:Nejati’s Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire, Hardin’s Integrated Self-Discrepancy Index (ISDI) and Social Problem Solving Inventory-revised short-form by D’Zurilla, and Nezu.

The results revealed that all the subscales of cognitive ability are correlated negatively with the components of adaptive problem solving and are positively related with the non-adaptive problem solving, with the significant level of 0.01. Also the four sub scales of Self-Discrepancy were related positively with adaptive problem solving and negatively with the non-adaptive problem solving and are correlated significantly on the level of 0.01.

Due to the increasing evolution and complexity of the cognitive processes of the human brain, further studies are needed to enhance the relationships among personality, problem solving and cognitive abilities. Therefore effective programs are suggested for cognitive enhancement of employees in critical jobs like aircrew. 

The current research aimed to test the proposed model of prosocial behaviors based on basic needs with the mediating role of online game addiction. The research method was correlation and path analysis type. The statistical population included the students of Bu Ali-Sina University in Hamadan in the academic year of 2021-2022, and a sample of 388 people was selected using the cluster random method. The research tools included the basic psychological needs of LaGuardia et al. (2000), the prosocial behaviors of Caprara et al. (2005), and addiction to online game addiction of Khazal et al. (2007) scales. To analyze the data, the path analysis method was used using SPSS version 22 and LISREL version 8.8 software. The results showed that the proposed research model had a good fit with the data. The results showed that the direct effect of basic psychological needs on game addiction was negative and significant and on prosocial behaviors was positive and significant (p<0.01). The effect of game addiction on prosocial behaviors was negative and significant (p<0.01). Also, the results showed that game addiction had a significant mediating role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and prosocial behavior (p<0.01). According to the results of the research, basic needs can play a role in reducing addiction to online games, and reducing the amount of reliance on games is effective in improving prosocial behaviors.

Today, cosmetic surgery is considered as one of the most common surgeries in the world and various factors are influential in this field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and tendency to fashion with tendency to cosmetic surgery in women seeking cosmetic surgery.

The method of the present study was a correlation model of structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all women applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr 2020. The sample size consisted of 400 women who were selected by available sampling method. . Data collection tools were, tendency to cosmetic surgery (Etemadifar & Amani, 2013), Fashion Attitude (Rezaei, 2014), Early maladaptive Schemas (Young, 2005) and cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski, 2001) questionnaires.

The findings showed that the variables of tendency to fashion and early maladaptive schemas, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation, predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women. Also, the findings of the structural equation modeling indicated the significance of the direct path coefficients of the tendency to fashion and the early maladaptive schemas with the cognitive emotion regulation.

The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce the tendency to fashion and early maladaptive schemas and increase cognitive emotion regulation