نشریه حسابداری دولتی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Abstract Subject and Objective of the article: The main goal of this research is to identifying and ranking the factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system in government institutions and organizations.Research In order to identifying the effective factors on the effectiveness of the internal control system of government institutions and organizations, while reviewing the studies, a semi-structured interview was conducted using the qualitative method of theme analysis. In this research, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to rank and find the degree of importance of the factors. The interviewed experts were 18 university professors and top managers of government organizations and experts in the audit field with an emphasis on the internal control system.Research Data analysis shows 6 main themes including individual, performance, legal, managerial, environmental and organizational components, which are effective in the effectiveness of the internal control system of government institutions and organizations.Conclusion, originality and its contribution to knowledge: Based on the results of the research, government institutions and organizations can make their evaluation multi-dimensional and by relying on identified and refined factors in individual, performance, legal, managerial, environmental and organizational dimensions, measure the internal control of the institutions and organizations under investigation and Finally, more comprehensive decisions will be made based on the opinion of experts and scientific foundations.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: Both public and private banks should pay attention to the existing economic conditions when validating and determining the amount of loans for legal clients. The purpose of this research is rating the factors affecting the credit rating in conditions of social distance in Governmental Banks.Research

This research is applied and descriptive-combined (exploratory and survey) which was performed in two stages. The first step was to identify the criteria (four main axes including financial, non-financial, corporate governance and market criteria) with the Grounded Theory, the second step was to rank the criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. In the first and second stages, the opinions of 20 experts were used to answer the questions.Research

All factors are important, but the growth of virtual sales has the highest rank as the most important change of the Corona era and the purpose of receiving the loan and the current ratio were the lowest-ranking.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: In the social distance position, paying attention to the risks associated with the activities of companies in this period has an effect on reducing the overdue receivables of banks, so it is necessary for state-owned banks to pay attention to these issues.

Subject and Purpose of the Paper: One of the most important assessments of auditors is fraud risk assessment. For better evaluation, they should use professional skepticism. Organizational learning can change professional skepticism and fraud risk assessment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational learning on professional skepticism and fraud risk assessment.Research The present study is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population was the auditors working in the audit organization and the number of samples was determined by Power analysis method to 186 people and the data were analyzed by structural equation method.Research Organizational learning has a positive effect on professional skepticism and fraud risk assessment. Also, the effect of experience and membership in the IACPA on the relationship between organizational learning and professional skepticism is positive and significant.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The results of this study can reveal the role of organizational learning in auditing firms while developing the theoretical literature of research related to professional skepticism and fraud risk assessment. This helps auditors assess the risk of fraud as accurately as possible and improves the quality of the audit.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: Self-efficacy refers to the auditor's belief in individual competencies that enable the auditor to have more control over existing situations, thereby improving professional performance and judgment. Therefore, the auditor's self-efficacy can be affected by problem-solving styles. For this purpose, in this research, the effect of problem-solving styles on the self-efficacy of auditors of the Court of Audit of Iran has been investigated.Research The descriptive survey method and from the perspective of the purpose is of the applied research, which has used the standard questionnaire instrument. The research sample is 406 auditors of the Court of Audit who were selected by simple random sampling.Research The results show that problem-solving styles have a significant effect on the self-efficacy of auditors of the Court of Audit. Thus, creative styles, confidence, trends, failure, avoidance, and avoiding have the greatest impact on the auditor's self-efficacy, respectively.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The results of this study can help the Court of Audit in recruiting new auditors to consider the type of their problem-solving styles, thus improving the quality of auditing by improving the individual self-efficacy. Therefore, the results of this study can incorporate the Concepts of Cassidy's Cognitive and Behavioral Theory into behavioral research texts in governmental auditing.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: The present study aimed to provide a model for implementing performance-based budgeting in the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization using Delphi techniques and a AHP based on fuzzy approaches.Research In first step, for the coherence and collection of experts' mental knowledge, by conducting library studies, various resources are prepared and the primary effective factors in sharing financial resources. Identified with the consensus of 12 experts (as the initial Delphi panel) was discussed. Then, the effective criteria in sharing financial resources were 130 criteria, which were classified into 10 factors. In the next step, to identify the mentioned effective factors using fuzzy Delphi technique and consensus of experts (as Delphi secondary panel), their effectiveness in the distribution of financial resources was investigated.Research 24 criteria were ranked using fuzzy technique, with the three criteria of "national and global registration of cultural, historical and natural movable artifacts", "number of global registered works" and "climate and territorial climate" as the most important criteria in sharing financial resources identified. Finally, using the weights specified in the FAHP stage, the resource sharing index of each provincial unit was determined and the formula for determining the share rate was presentedConclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: Providing a model using the most important factors of financial resources in the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism using mathematical models, can be effective in budgeting effectiveness according to the macro-objectives of the country's planning system.

Subject and The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mental well-being on job commitment and professional skepticism of independent auditors.Research The present study is in the category of descriptive survey and correlational researchThe statistical population of the research is the senior auditors of the auditing organization and the research sample according to Cochran's formula includes 181 independent auditors.Community Verified icon it is also descriptive in nature. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) approach and Smart PLS3 software have been used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that mental well-being has a positive and significant effect on job commitment and professional skepticism of independent auditors. Job commitment also has a positive and significant effect on the professional skepticism of independent auditors. Finally, mental well-being mediates the professional skepticism of independent auditors through job commitment.Conclusion, originality and its addition to knowledge: According to the research findings, increasing the job commitment of auditors and their mental health leads to improved skepticism and thus provides professional judgment of independent auditors.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this study is to presentation of performance auditing model in Iranian public sector organizations.In the present study, an attempt has been made to go beyond the components of performance auditing, including economic efficiency, efficiency and effectiveness, and to explain and quantify them, and to examine the principle of performance auditing along with the requirements and factors involved in its implementation. The auditors achieved performance audits.Research The present study is based on mixed approach and practical type with adopting a descriptive-survey research. Model dimensions, components and indicators identified with use of panel expert interview, questionnaire and fuzzy triangular Delphi.Research Results indicate that the model dimensions include: inefficiencies and dysfunctions of responsibility, nature of public sector environment and characteristics of service products, perceived usefulness, potential role conflicts, unintended consequences and critiques of performance auditing.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The need to pay attention to various dimensions affecting on performance auditing with respecting to environmental and inscribed factors and reviewing the conditions of the Iranian public sector can be basis for its effective implementation.

This Study Aims to Identify and Rank the Importance Degree of Performance-Based Budgeting Challenges With Emphasis on The Role of Cost and Accrual Accounting in The Country's Road Construction Sector. In order to achieve this goal, it was tried to use The Grounded Theory Approach based on the diamond model in the three dimensions of planning, cost analysis and performance management. The present research is practical and descriptive and in order to obtain an answer to the research questions, the required information has been collected through interviews and questionnaires. The statistical sample of the research, according to the subject and objectives of the research, includes academic experts and experts from organizations in charge of implementing the performance-based budgeting system. Research data were analyzed using coding method in Atlas.T software and TOPSIS technique..The Results of Using This Technique Showed an Interesting Result that among the 32 Challenges Studied, The Challenges Related to The Macro-Economic Environment of The Country and Those Related to Country's Economic and Policy-Making Instability, Were More Important than the Challenges specifically Related to The Country's Road Construction Sector Itself in Establishing Performance-Based Budgeting System.

The present study aimed to provide a performance audit model for executive managers of public hospitals with a mixed approach. In the qualitative stage with 15 people, who were mainly managers and deputies of hospitals affiliated to medical universities in the east of the country and university professors and experts in the field of finance and auditing, the interviews continued until the achievement of theoretical saturation in a targeted manner and quantitative samples were randomly selected based on the Cochran's formula.The research tool was a semi-structured exploratory interview in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the performance audit for the executive managers of public hospitals, which was designed based on the codes obtained in the qualitative stage.In the qualitative part, the analysis of the interviews was performed using the foundation data analysis method. The validity and reliability of the components were examined and Cronbach's alpha of all the above components was 0.7 during it; the most important components of performance auditing for executive managers of public hospitals were assessed.In the quantitative part, through structural equation method, the accuracy of the research model was confirmed and it was found that the selection of concepts, dimensions and indicators is very accurate and can provide a good framework for developing a performance audit vision document for hospital executives.

Subject and According to general selection theory, one of the management strategies of auditors of state-owned companies is to divert the auditor's attention from managed accounts to clean (non-distorted) accounts or accounts that contain distortions other than managed accounts. The purpose is to influence the auditor's ability to detect fraud.Research The present research method is descriptive-survey in terms of data and applied in terms of purpose, which is a scenario tool. The statistical population of the study is all auditors working in institutions and auditing organizations and the research sample is 106 auditors in the period of 1400 who were selected by available sampling method. Univariate analysis of variance and a sample were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that auditors in the face of financial statements containing distortions resulting from the strategy of elimination of transactions and the strategy of manipulation of evidence, in the case of state-owned companies compared to privately owned companies, They are more likely to judge that a misidentified mistake is unintentional.Conclusion, originality and its addition to knowledge: The results of this study showed that a method of fraud (omission or omission) is identified in which managers are likely to use it, on the other hand, seems unlikely to auditors. That is intentional, and the results can help auditors who audit state-owned companies to make judgments that take into account mistakes made and a special look at the government's general selection and client omission strategy.

Subject and Purpose of the Paper: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting innovation and performance in public sector organizations.Research The research ahead is applied in terms of purpose and a descriptive and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was the employees and managers of the middle level of the Tax Affairs Organization of West of Mazandaran Province in the year 2020. To achieve this purpose, 127 people were selected as the sample. Structural equations used to test research hypotheses. Research The results of this study show that factors such as budget constraints and experience to achieve innovation in the public sector have a significant effect. Also, budget constraints, motivation to improve performance, reaction to poor performance, and experience have affected organizational performance.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The results of the present study show that the implementation of a participatory approach in public sector organizations can be effective in innovation and better performance of these organizations. Investigating the role of factors affecting innovation and performance can expand their assessment models and improve the performance of the organization and thus the government.

The social security system is a means of establishing security, social justice, prosperity and social stability, and the sustainable development of any country has a direct relationship with the quantity and quality of social security system services. This research has a qualitative design and the necessary data has been collected through interviews and questionnaires. Statistical sampling was selected by the purposeful sampling method among the experts of the social security organization. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the measurement tools. The adjusted coefficient of determination stated that more than 61% of the changes in outcomes are influenced by the variables studied in the research and the rest are factors that are not considered in the model. The findings of the research showed that factors such as economic-political, cultural platforms, political interventions, insurance policy-making, resources-expenditure management, investment security, management appointments and accumulation of government debt, actuarial calculations, regulatory bodies, judicial system Social security, correct implementation of insurance laws, supervisory-control system, multi-layered social security system, business environment, reform of pension system, reform and improvement of financing systems, investment management, separation of duties of support-insurance system, integration The information system, implementation of the government's obligations can improve the financial stability of the social security organization.Increasing knowledge: This research can provide the basis for amending the regulations and improving the processes of the social security organization and improving the financial stability of that organization.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: The present study analyzes the decision-making process in the professional judgment model of auditors and is in the field of behavioral research in auditing.Research The research method is descriptive-analytical-research. The present study is a combined method that the qualitative part was based on identifying the factors affecting the professional judgment of the auditor by examining the theoretical foundations and conducting Delphi analysis with the participation of 20 experts as panel members. The quantitative part also sought structural and interpretive modeling through the formation of its own structural interaction matrix.Research The results show that the most important factors in judging the auditor's profession in the designed model are defining the subject of decision making, evaluation, measuring relevant criteria, identifying solutions, ranking solutions and selecting the best solutions. These factors were indicators of the decision process in Delphi results.Conclusion, originality and its Contribution to the knowledge: The decision-making process at the highest level was the least influential factor on the auditor's professional judgment, qualitative characteristics, audit evidence, personality type, professional oversight of auditors' work, results of audit procedures, and inherent risk assessment.

Auditing performance plays an effective role in evaluating efficiency, effectiveness and economic mere. The results of the studies show that performance audit implementation in the country was not desirable and its goals have not been met. In this study, the structural modeling of the strategic factors of performance auditing in the form of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is presented in the country's accounting Court. This research is applied and the method of conducting a descriptive survey and the time of winter research of 2022. To do it, a couple's scale questionnaire tool is based on structural -interpretive standards. The research sample also has 14 auditors of the country's Accounting Court with sufficient expertise and experience in the performance audit field, which were selected by targeted sampling method. In this study, the relationship between the strategic factors of performance auditing with the structural -interpretive approach was analyzed and its results are presented in the form of models of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and all strategic factors. The results of the study show the relationship between strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of performance audit in the country's accounting Court in general and partially, which for policies and decisions of the country's accounting courts by resolving performance auditing problems and achieving its goals in the country.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this study is to help increase the awareness of managers about the factors affecting the improvement of the readiness of the public sector for the successful implementation of accrual accounting. Therefore, the effect of three factors including change valence, task knowledge and task availability on two aspects of organizational readiness for change, including change commitment and change efficacy, is tested.Research

In this study, a closed questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is the financial officers of the higher course of the army in 2020. Research hypotheses were also tested using ordinary least squares regression.Research

The results reveal that change valence, task knowledge and task availability are significant and positively influence two aspects of organizational readiness for change including change commitment and change efficacy.Conclusion, Orginality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: Improving the readiness of all forces and organizational levels of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the efficient and effective implementation of accrual accounting and public sector accounting standards is a necessity. Based on the results of this study, adopting appropriate methods and strategies to familiarize commanders and military personnel with the benefits of accrual accounting system, to increase financial staff knowledge about accrual accounting techniques and public sector accounting standards, as well as to provide financial resources, human resources and technical resources help to improve organizational readiness for change and the successful implementation of accrual accounting.