نشریه پژوهش های زبان و ترجمه فرانسه
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 8، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Despite the fact that confronting translation with the original text is one of the most important branches of confrontational textology, unfortunately, little attention has been paid to it. However, by examining the contrasts between the translation and the original text, researchers and language learners can find rich and appropriate equivalents for the lexical and syntactic construction of the two languages, as well as a better understanding of translation methods. The present article, with a descriptive-applied approach, first examines the role of confronting translation with the original text in language teaching, literature and translation and especially word-formation and word-selection and then by mentioning some examples of several well-known translators' versions of Hafez and Sa'adi's poems and also other examples, it deals with how to translate them and how to choose words and find equivalents. Meanwhile subjects which have been less addressed, such as "repetitive word-building" and "homonymous compounds", are also brought up and the way of translating their various forms is considered. Translation students often do not even master their mother tongue, which is why this little language knowledge makes many difficulties for them.Reading is one of the available solutions, because by reading texts, the words and the syntactic structures penetrate the mind of the reader. This way of learning is undoubtedly one of the best language practices. Some learners try to compensate their language weaknesses by reading grammar books and memorizing words. Of course, this method may also be useful, but the effect of reading texts is much greater.

Contemporary eco-fiction namely the narrative texts where it is a question of ecology, or in other words the fictionalization and narration of the ecological subject, has become one of the main spheres of apocalyptic themes. Leaving its origin, the fear of an end of the ecological world is today a common fear and moreover, we must not forget that environmentalism in our world today is becoming a full-fledged ideology (to not say a religion) with its own prophets, its bible, its last judgment etc. Yet, thanks to Gilbert Durand and his studies on the Imaginary, we know that the imagination, more than a psychic faculty capable of producing images, is the faculty of arranging images that humans, in a way or others have appropriated themselves; an arrangement that cannot be independent of the socio-cultural context in which it develops or the political paradigms that dominate not only the social and political scene but also the cultural scene. As a result, by focusing on some extreme contemporary French narrative texts, all falling under what is now called Eco-fiction, we have tried to examine the functioning of what may be called the poetics of the apocalypse in the hope of illuminating cultural issues.

The novel A guide to death by medical herbs by Atieh Attarzadeh represents a unique contribution to the field of Persian language and literature. Published in 2015 by Cheshme Publishing House, the novel has been reprinted over thirty times, presenting a distinct world compared to most Persian novels. Despite its success, there has been a lack of proper review and analysis of this work. This research aims to address the following questions: Can the novel be examined through the lens of phenomenology? Which components of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological analysis can be applied to this work? How can the roles of body, time, and place in the novel be explained and interpreted based on Merleau-Ponty's perspectives?In this article, we employ a descriptive and analytical methodology, focusing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's views about the world of perception, to investigate the compatibility of his phenomenological components, such as modern thinking, the role of the body, time, space, and objects, within the novel. Data collection is carried out through library resources.By analyzing the novel and Merleau-Ponty's perspectives on the world of perception, we can categorize the novel as a modern work, contrasting it with classical literature, and interpret it based on his phenomenological viewpoints. Atiyeh Attarzadeh, the author of this remarkable novel, addresses body, place, and time with a novel approach that differs from traditional works.

In translation, what is important is the process of transferring meaning from the source language to the target language. From a discursive point of view, the transfer of meaning is the product of the correspondence and interaction between the two language plans, namely the plan of the face and the plan of the content. The aim of the research is to show how semantic disorders are formed in translation and how these disorders cause meaning deviation and damage to translation. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between the two linguistic planes (form and meaning) in the act of translation and the semantic disorders that are produced by the mismatch between the two planes. The present study is based on body analysis; According to the parameters of the theoretical framework, the data will be purposefully collected from the body text and analyzed. The results of this study indicate that factors such as semantic distortion and semanticism disrupt the relationships between language two planes and disorders such as: isotopic disorder (disregard for semantic homogeneity), lack of isomorphism between two language planes (conformity and change of plan). The rhythm of the source text, the lack of semantic adjustment, the lack of polyphony and omission, to some extent affect the process of meaning transfer in the translation of Papillon's novel.Keywords: Semantic Disorder, Translation, Meaning, Semantic Sign, Henry Charièrre Papillon, Parviz Naghibi.

Reading the written poems of Shamlou and Jacque Prévert, referring to the published press and the period of creation of these poets' works before the Islamic Revolution of Iran and after the Second World War, shows the importance of some recurring concepts often used beyond their beliefs and emotions. In other words, in each era, there is a dominant discourse that all the written texts are under its influence; In fact, hegemony or superiority in each society decides and defines, what can be written or said. By relying on this fact, a work could be accepted or ignored. Moreover, according to Aristotle’s logic in hegemony concentrating on the sentiments, the majority of the society show sentimental reactions, called pathos. Both of these concepts are not only seen in conversations but also in the published books. So one work will be understandable if it is compared with the other published works, in this research, we are only dedicated to study newspapers and published advertisements reflecting anxieties, concerns, social and political thoughts of the society, which can give us considerable information about hegemony in the society of each era. Knowing this fact Marc Angenot has worked on social discourses and comparative study his works, revels the basic, common and dominant concepts of war, progress and freedom.

The purpose of this article is to examine the position of Charles-Henri de Fouchécour (1925-AD), in Iranian studies, in his translation of Divan e Hafez. He has authored four major works in classical Persian literature: Moralia, The description of nature in 11th century Persian lyric poetry, inventory and analysis of themes, Hafez of Shiraz and Elements for a Persian textbook. Fouchécour's works (with the exception of the translation of Divan e Hafez) have not been able to make a turning point in the field of Iranian studies and Persian literature due to the reasons that we will present, most especially because they lack a comprehensive theory. Despite this, in the translation of Divan e Hafez, Fouchécour has achieved an important position in the field of Iranian studies. This translation, is a valuable work due to the translator's correct understanding of Hafez, the correct translation of the sonnets and the description of all the verses. This translation has been well received, based on the numerous reprints that have been made over the course of a decade. As a result, Fouchécour, as an Iranian Studies scholar, has a dual position. On the one hand, he has not achieved much success in his research works; on the other hand, he has immortalized his name in French Iranian Studies by translating Divan e Hafez.

Linguistic theorists consider translation as a container conveying concepts and ideas. On the other hand, culturalists do not recognize translation as a “conveyor” or a “pure circuit”, but rather think of it as a “communication bridge” between various linguo-cultural semiosphere. Meanwhile, the hermeneutic approach based upon ideological & dialectical opinions _ and principally those relying on philosophical stances of George Steiner _ interprets translation not as a container or as a bridge, but as a journey from "self" to "other"; A journey in which the translator-traveler leaves her linguo-cultural semiosphere during the four stages of "submission", "aggression", "incorporation" and "restitution" to get back _ once totally metamorphosed and once it deems “other”_ to its primary semiosphere.This paper aims to investigate the dialectical confrontation of "I" or "self" with "other" in the translator-traveler trajectory and seeks to take note of the gradual rooting of colonialist ideas in hermeneutic approaches to translation. The question that arises is how ontological transformation occurs throughout this cognitive journey and how "self" and "the other" reach reconciliation and theoretical unity after confronting each other? It seems that the ontological transformation is achieved once "self" becomes "not-self" and the "other" turns into "not-other" reaching somewhere the zero point of balance. This is exactly where the traveler-translator brings a new epistemological experience to the fore.

Academic achievement has been addressed for several decades in the paradigm of psycho-pedagogical research in Anglo-Saxon countries, particularly in the United States and Canada. In Iran, research on the subject was born almost two decades ago, and this, more at the primary and secondary levels than at higher education. Canada has adopted given its socio-economic contextual diversity resulting from the reception of immigrants, a more qualitative approach than the United States in its studies. The factors influencing academic success are closely related to the socioeconomic context of student populations, their academic discipline, their needs and expectations of the university. Thus, researchers have studied the impact of a variety of factors on the success of students in various disciplines. Social integration in academia is a factor frequently cited for improving their perseverance in several studies, including that of Tinto (1997). Given the emphasis of Anglo-Saxon research on the subject and assuming that this impact exists with regard to Iranian students of FFL as well, we intend to study in the present research, adopting the analytical descriptive method and a qualitative and quantitative approach, the role of this factor on their perseverance and academic achievement and we will finally propose solutions for increasing their social integration in the academic environment.

Translatology is an emerging discipline which has studied the theoretical and practical aspects of translation throughout its lifetime. Many translators and theoreticians believe that translation itself is an independent action which transmits a message from one language to the other, and Others believe that the science of translation studies is constantly interacting between different disciplines and has borrowed many of its concepts from other disciplines. In this paper, we aim to study interdisciplinary nature of translation studies by Descriptive-Analytical approach. The concept of interdisciplinary has recently been introduced in various fields. In fact, in this era, in which we face complicated and multidimensional problems, multidisciplinary approaches and interdisciplinary studies have come to be used to solve them, it is rare to find disciplines that are independent and unrelated to other disciplines. It can be clearly stated that it’s difficult or even impossible to consider different disciplines without correlation to other fields. In the present study, we first tried to examine the mutual relationship between them and the field of translatology by examining various sciences, and the results of the research indicate that translatology, like many other fields, is closely related to other sciences. And he has borrowed many of his concepts from them.

One of the most important tools for knowing another person is to pay attention to the existing image of him and his definitions and descriptions. Travelogues are very accurate in portraying the other person and his culture, and the experiences of the travelogue writer create a strong relationship between us and the other person, to get to know him as much as possible. Another image from another direction has a significant impact on my knowledge, weaknesses or strengths. In the current research, Marc va Polo's travelogue of Mansour Zabetiyan is examined from the perspective of imagery, through which we will know the other by using the image presented by him, and by knowing the other, we will reach self-knowledge and self-knowledge. Imageology means the study of another image and another culture or its signs in literature. In this article, we get to know the author's others, examine his characteristics and behaviors, and study the author's way of looking at others. Also, by carefully using the travel writer's specific words and stereotypes, we will identify his remarkable way of describing another and discuss the effect of his sincere words in describing another. By knowing the stereotypes and mental images of the author, we will find out what he means to direct the audience's mind and thinking.