فهرست مطالب

Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences and Research
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Dec 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/11/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • MohammadMajid Oryadi-Zanjani * Pages 143-150

    Background :

    Speech recognition is a significant component of speech perception assessment as a main clinical target in children with hearing disorders. The current article presents a systematic review designed to provide clinical and research guidelines for speech recognition assessment in Persian-speaking children with and without hearing disorders.

    Methods

    A systematic search was conducted to cumulate the research evidence for the assessment of speech recognition in Persian-speaking children with and without hearing disorders. Peer-reviewed journal articles dedicated to this issue and published between 1982 and December 2021 were discovered through a search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Magiran, IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar. The papers were analyzed according to different variables, including test age, vocabulary competency, cognitive demands, response format, presentation mode, stimulus format, stimulus variability, stimulus mode, and test conditions.

    Results

    The review identified four papers related to the development of five assessment tools for measuring speech recognition in Persian-speaking children, namely Persian Monosyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Tests (PMLNTs), Persian Disyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Tests (PDLNTs), Persian version of the words-in-noise (WIN), Tavana (test for evaluating auditory skills), and closed-set speech recognition test for Persian-speaking children. The properties and limitations of each test have been considered in the current review article.

    Conclusion

    Based on this systematic review, only four speech recognition assessment tools exist for measuring specifically spoken word recognition in Persian-speaking children. The results of this review article can be used as a clinical and research guideline for assessing speech recognition in Persian-speaking children with hearing disorders.

    Keywords: Hearing Disorders, speech recognition, children, Assessment, Cochlear implantation
  • Saeed Saeedi, Mahshid Aghajanzade, AhmadReza Khatoonabadi * Pages 151-155
    Background

    Recent years have seen the development of voice indices for multi-parametric objective voice evaluation. The current study aims to review these indices and examine their efficiency through the literature.

    Methods

    The study design is a literature review. The five databases of ‘PubMed’, ‘Scopus’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Science Direct’, and ‘Web of Science’ were searched using the keywords ‘voice index’, ‘acoustic’, ‘voice assessment’, and ‘acoustic analysis’. Attempts were made to include only the acoustic indices that have been validated and are fairly user-friendly.

    Results

    Five voice indices were found that met the inclusion criteria: Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI), Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID), The Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI), and Acoustic Psychometric Severity Index of Dysphonia (APSID).

    Conclusions

    The results suggest using AVQI, ABI, DSI, and CSID in the evaluation and treatment of voice disorders. Of course, it is recommend to examine the efficacy of these indices in more languages and also developing new indices by considering more aspects of voice.

    Keywords: Voice, Voice disorders, Dysphonia, Voice Quality, Acoustics
  • Ehsan Ghasemi *, Khosro Khademi-Kalantari, Fateme Bokaee, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, Majid Ghasemi Pages 156-161
    Background
    Subsequent to spasticity, which is a positive impairment of stroke,neural and mechanical changes often occur in paretic muscles, affecting muscle function. The aim of this study was to find more accurate indices, which could affect decisions about spasticity treatment by investigating the relationships among neural, mechanical, functional outcomes, and clinical parameters in spastic chronic stroke patients.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study investigated 45 spastic chronic stroke patients. Clinical assessments were conducted using the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS). Neural properties including H-reflex latency and Hmax/Mmax ratio were acquired. Mechanical properties including fascicle length,pennation angle, and thickness of spastic medial gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated. Functional outcomes were evaluated by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Timed 10-Meter Walk Test (10-m WTT). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis in SPSS version 22.0 was used to find correlations between parameters.
    Results
    A low negative correlation was determined between MMAS and H-reflex latency (r=-0.320, P=0.032). MMAS score had a low significant relationship with pennation angle (r=0.296, P=0.049) and thickness of muscles (r=0.389,P=0.008). However, no significant correlation was found between MMAS and functional outcomes.
    Conclusion
    Based on these findings, it is clear MMAS can partly identify changes in neural and mechanical properties of spastic muscles.
    Keywords: Neural, mechanical properties, Functional outcomes, Spastic Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle, Chronic Stroke
  • Bahareh Zeynalzadeh Ghoochani, Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad *, Mohammad Ahmadpour Pages 162-166
    Background
    Addiction destroys lifestyles and affects individuals, family,and society. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between resilience, locus of control, and emotional intelligence in opium addicts.Recognizing the weaknesses of this group helps them to recover and can provide preventive strategies for society.
    Methods
    A total of 40 male opium addicts were selected by convenience sampling from Ibn-e-Sina Center in Shiraz. Rotter, Shrink, Connor-Davidson,and demographic questionnaires were used in this cross-sectional study, and Pearson’s test was used to obtain the correlation coefficient.
    Results
    Less resilient people reported more relapses after quitting (r=-0.424,P=0.006). People with higher social awareness used psychological therapies to liberate themselves from addiction (r=0.337, P=0.033). Longer addiction was reported among people who consumed opium more frequently during the day (r=0.433, P=0.005). Greater frequency of daily consumption and more years of consumption had a positive relationship with increasing the number of quits and relapses (r=0.323, P=0.042; r=0.362, P=0.022).
    Conclusion
    Addiction treatment centers should evaluate and improve the levels of resilience, emotional intelligence, and type of locus of control in addicts. Most of the participants started their addiction out of curiosity between the ages of 20 and 25 years. The media and policymakers are recommended to play a vital role in raising social awareness and clarifying the devastating consequences of opium addiction. Most of the participants were unemployed and needed money for more treatments. Therefore, it is advisable that rehabilitation centers use occupational therapists for pre-vocational and vocational rehabilitation programs in the treatment process.
    Keywords: opium, Resilience, Locus of Control, emotional intelligence, substance abuse
  • Moosareza Ghorbani *, Amir Shamloo Kazemi, Farideh Babakhani Pages 167-172
    Background
    Jumping and landing are common activities in soccer that are often reported in connection with anterior cruciate ligament injury. As most injuries occur during fatigue, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on the component of time to stability (TTS) during landing between healthy soccer players and soccer players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
    Methods
    This quasi-experimental study included 24 professional soccer players who were divided into control and experimental groups. Twelve active professional soccer players (control group) and 12 soccer players with 6-24 months of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft (experimental group) participated in this study. Athletes jumped and landed on the obstacle to a height of 7.5 cm. After the fatigue protocol, these movements were repeated. TTS data was collected using force plate. MANOVA test at the significant level of p <0.05 was used to compare pre-test and post-test data between the groups.
    Results
    According to the results of this study, fatigue did not affect the time to stability in any of the anterior-posterior (p=0.104), internal-external (p=0.668), or vertical components (p=0.894) between the two groups, and fatigue could not make a significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, before fatigue, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in any of the components.
    Conclusion
    It seems that a plyometric fatigue training session will not be effective in differentiating between healthy soccer players and soccer players who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
    Keywords: fatigue, anterior cruciate ligament, plyometric exercises, sports injury
  • Zeinab Rashidi, Neda Orakifar *, Meimanat Akbari, Razieh Mofateh, Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh, Marzieh Araban Pages 173-179
    Background
    Clinical education is a core component of the curriculum of undergraduate rehabilitation students. Nevertheless, this field more than any other field of education has many shortcomings that should be addressed.
    Methods
    The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of clinical education from the perspective of rehabilitation educators with particular focus on the new challenges created bythe COVID-19 outbreak. This qualitative study was conducted through purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 rehabilitation clinical educators of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data analysis was accomplished according to conventional content analysis. To prove the trustworthiness of the data, credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were assessed.
    Results
    Through data analysis, 240 initial codes were extracted in three main categories and nine sub-categories, indicating redundant challenges imposed by COVID-19 comprising restricted clinical resources (inadequate patient number and diversity, inadequate equipment, limited clinical space, inadequate manpower), an inefficient clinical education system (poor management of clinical education programs, insufficient clinical evaluation), and personal and professional characteristics of the students (lack of students’ practical knowledge, lack of motivation, fear).
    Conclusion
    The results of this study provide deeper insight into the perceptions and experiences of rehabilitation educators regarding clinical education challenges. At present, an accidental and unexpected problematic event (COVID-19 pandemic) has inflicted detrimental effects on various aspects of clinical rehabilitation sciences. It is necessary to implement changes in future plans which include adaptations for COVID-19.
    Keywords: Clinical education, Qualitative research, Clinical educators, Rehabilitation, COVID-19
  • Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi *, Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi, Sahar Safari, Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi Pages 180-184
    Objective
    The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in senior students at the Rehabilitation School of Shiraz University.
    Methods
    Fifty-three senior physical and occupational therapy students with an average age of 22-42 years participated in this cross-sectional study. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to evaluate work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and postural analysis was performed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA).
    Results
    In this study, a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the lower back, hand, neck, and shoulder regions was observed. Approximately 47% of the students reported having experienced lower back pain in the past 12 months, and this disability was the most common disorder (23%) among the study population. The results of sub-group analysis based on sex showed the lower back to be the body region with the highest prevalence of pain. Based on the body mass index (BMI), the neck was highly reported as a site of pain. In addition, the REBA results revealed that 36% and 49% of the senior students in this study had a high and medium risk level for developing musculoskeletal disorders, respectively.
    Conclusion
    The current results indicate that lower back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder among senior physiotherapy and occupational therapy students. This research also shows that based on the REBA tool, 36% of the senior students were at high risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders.
    Keywords: musculoskeletal pain, Posture, Occupational health, prevalence, Ergonomics
  • Mehdi Zeygham Jahani, Ali Yaghoubi *, MohamadAmin Younessi Heravi Pages 185-190
    Background

    Strength training has been a common intervention used to improve neuromuscular activity within the synergic and/or agonist-antagonist muscles. This study aimed to evaluate simultaneous electrical activity of quadriceps and hamstring muscles after strength eccentric training versus concentric training.

    Methods

    This experimental study has a between-group comparison design with a population of 26 males divided into two groups, namely the eccentric training group and the concentric training group. Maximal knee extension force and bipolar surface electromyography (EMG) signals from quadriceps and hamstring muscles were simultaneously recorded pre- and post-concentric and eccentric strength training. After EMG pre-processing for noise reduction, EMG signals were evaluated in two groups by time and frequency analysis. Nine EMG features (six time features and three frequency features) were analyzed in two groups pre- and post-training by statistical analysis.

    Results

    The results showed that the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MIVC) of quadriceps muscles was significantly increased in both groups from pre- to post-training (p <0.05). Moreover, eccentric training resulted in greater increases in time features of EMG for quadriceps and hamstring muscles compared to concentric training (p <0.05). All frequency features showed significant changes in pre- and post-tests for the eccentric training group (p <0.05); however, no significant difference was observed in the frequency features in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the concentric training group (p >0.05).

    Conclusion

    Based on the current results, great changes in time and frequency features of quadriceps and hamstring EMGs were achieved using eccentric training. Thus, eccentric strength training could be more effective in triggering neuromuscular activity within the agonist and antagonist muscles simultaneously.

    Keywords: EMG signals, Time, frequency analysis, Eccentric training, concentric training