پژوهشنامه کلام
سال نهم شماره 16 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

Belief in the assignment by narration and immediate Imamate of the Amir al-Mu'minin (as) is considered as the main feature of the Imamate belief and Imami scholars have long paid attention to its establishment through the interpretation of verses of Quran. The main subject of this research is the analysis of Sheikh Tusi's approach in interpreting these verses. To achieve this goal through analytical methods and library studies, all of Sheikh's works have been studied and his viewpoint about these verses from aspects such as the position of narration in determining the meaning of verses, interpretive approach( taʾwīl or the allegorical interpretation of the Quran) based on narrations, establishing his argument based on the principle of proximity between Islamic sects and the position of commentators in Sheikh interpretation has been analyzed. Sheikh Tusi's interpretation of the verses of Wilayah and Imamate can be considered as a deductive interpretation based on a rational understanding of the revelation and in terms of the narrative heritage of Imamite school of thought and the extension of the Imamite school of Baghdad, which tries to take an interactive approach due to the special place of Imamate While defending the Qur'anic principles of the idea of Imamate and the necessity of narrations for determination of the Imam (Wali or guardian).in this situation, he provides the basis for the Shiite interpretive view and the presentation of the Qur'anic principles of the Imamate on the subject of Imamate in the intellectual environment of Islamic society at that time.

Among the important theological topics, the topic of "how God created in existence" deals with how beings multiply from God. This is one of the first and most key topics in ontology mapping, and the study of its structure and criteria is effective in better understanding other components of the worldview. In addition, examining this issue helps to structure the worldview and identify the coherence that governs it.In this article, by examining the way of God's creation in cosmic mysticism, the structure and coherence of the ontology that governs it has been examined and criticized. This research with the help of descriptive-analytical method, after describing the approach of cosmic mysticism, by analyzing its views and opinions with the help of two models of the transverse structure of the universe and the structure of the longitudinal chain of existence, has shown that God's creation in cosmic mysticism In terms of coherence with its other components, it faces many problems. In other words, cosmic mysticism has problems in clearly explaining how God's creation is, and has encountered structural ambiguities and contradictions in the relationship between the components of existence and God's creation in the process of existence.

The infallibility of the divine prophets is one of the most important and major theological issues that the theologians of the two sects have proposed different theories regarding its nature, origin, principles, arguments and scope. Among these, the issue of the scope of the infallibility of the prophets from the perspective of the Holy Quran has been a fundamental and long-standing discussion that has been expressed through a number of theological schools, different opinions and views. In the meantime, Imami theologians have considered the realm of infallibility as maximum and other schools have mentioned different levels for it. Abu Mansour maturidi is one of the few Sunni theologians who is in agreement with the Imami Shiites and extends the scope of infallibility from considering, preserving, and communicating revelation; He considers the avoidance of sins and the attainment of obedience to be beyond, and considers it to be valid in the realm of forgetfulness and error. Although the supporters of the Maturidian school did not mention his view and chose another opinion, this view can be seen from his interpretive inferences. Using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, Abu Mansour Maturidi's views on the important contradictory verses of the infallibility of the prophets in the Holy Quran have been thoroughly investigated and Maturidi's justification for resolving this contradiction has been collected. The maximum realm proves the infallibility of the divine prophets from the point of view of Maturidi.

Authority is not realized in the sense that man considers simple Many factors - consciously and unconsciously - are involved in the realization of a foreign act. It is essential to examine the principles of action (or inaction) and the factor influencing the realization of external action in order to better understand the meaning of authority, the criterion of the voluntary action and its copes. What is answered in this article is about what stages and principles Allameh Tabatabai (RA) have drawn in the occurrence of behavior and what motivating factor does he consider effective in practice? And which internal or external reasons he introduces the cause of directing one's behavior? Examining the works of Allameh and analyzing her statements, it is understood that every action (leaving action here is also carelessly known as an action) has preceded a series of internal and external principles of perceptual-stimulation type. Therefore, the principles of action are divided into two categories: perceptual and stimulation, which lead to the occurrence of the action in several stages(Nine internal stages and two external stages) Internal factors include: Soul powers, ultimate causes, tendencies, perceptions, passion, will, agent, action, sensual properties. In addition, the external and Baathist environment and divine guidance are also involved in the type of action and motivation of the action. These principles and layers are realized with the action outside and have a two-way effect as an arc of ascent and descent and have a direct effect on the range of authority

One of the important theological topics is the ijtihad of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Which has many theological fruits, one of the significant fruits of that area is the installation of the Imam by the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Did the Prophet comment beforehand without revelation? Different views have been presented by theologians. This article deals with the descriptive-analytical method of comparative study of the position of three prominent thinkers from three schools: Shiite, Ash'ari and Mu'tazilite. Allama Hali, a Shiite theologian, and Fakhr Razi, an Ash'arite theologian, have denied the occurrence of ijtihad by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) on the premise of lack of revelation. Judge Abdul Jabbar Mu'tazili, on the other hand, believes in the ijtihad of the Prophet (pbuh) in the absence of revelation.According to the author, the ambiguity of the meaning of ijtihad and its scope, and the lack of attention to its boundaries and the knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH) with the term ijtihad, has led to different views in this regard by the announcement of the three. Therefore, in this article, the author has tried to explain the meaning of ijtihad and determine the boundaries of the knowledge and science of the Prophet (PBUH) to determine the reason for the dispute about the ijtihad of that Imam (who has been prescribed a message for that Imam).

Theology of perfection is an approach that interprets the concept of God and analyzes His attributes, relying on the definition of God as a being who is perfect in all aspects. Anselm is the first to offer a systematic analysis of the full existing concept. Since the subsequent discussions of philosophers are a reaction to his views, it is important to explain his views. In this article, based on the descriptive-analytical method, we address the question that according to Anselm's view, what rules can be used for a complete detailed knowledge and extraction of divine attributes? Our purpose in this article is to explain the strengths and weaknesses of Anselm's view. In total, five general rules can be derived from Anselm's expressions. He first tries to achieve this goal based on comparisons between the creatures of the universe. The shortcomings of this method make him focus on comparing different situations of an organism. Anselm concludes that because God is in the highest conceivable state, every conceivable thing that is better to attribute to it than not to attribute to it must be attributed to him. Anselm's final rule can be considered defensible after reform.

Allama Mir Hamid Hussein in his noble book "Abqat al-Anwar" has responded to the objections raised by Abdul Aziz Dehlavi on the Shiite interpretations of the verse of purification which have been revealed in the honor of the Ahl al-Bayt based on various evidences. While answering these problems, he has explained the conditions of correctness and validity of each of the evidences of understanding the verses; Matters that have been written in the books of methodology of interpretation that have been written recently. What he has presented are criteria for a correct understanding of the verses of the Holy Qur'an and answering similar problems regarding other verses. In this research, first, these criteria are explained and examined from the perspective of Allameh Mir Hamid Hossein (RA).These criteria have been stated by Allameh while explaining the true meaning of the verse of purification. The present study, then, based on the extracted criteria, evaluates the accuracy of the most important problems of Sunni scholars on other verses related to the issue of Imamate and guardianship of the Ahl al-Bayt و and has shown how these rational criteria for understanding the text of the Holy Qur'an Solving those bugs are also helpful. The approach of this research is the Qur'an-based one, based on which religious courts (rational axioms, definite tradition, definitive historical reports, etc.) based on the Holy Qur'an, judge religious thoughts and practices.

There are laws in the system of creation which are called "divine traditions" in religious and Qur'anic custom. One of the most important divine traditions that plays an essential role in guidance and misguidance and is applied to human beings is the tradition of decoration. The tradition of decoration is called a tradition in which things (whether action, speech, etc.) appear beautiful in the eyes of human beings in a way that the person is fascinated by it. The tradition of decoration can be divided into two categories, absolute and restricted, towards the people of truth and falsehood. Also, since the tradition of decoration has a fundamental role in the guidance and misguidance of human beings, and also considering that this tradition is attributed to Satan and God Almighty in some verses of the Qur'an, it has given rise to doubts. In the present study, the flow of the tradition of decoration about the false has been studied and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner with an approach to answering doubts and emphasizing the process model. In the end, it is concluded that the tradition of adornment towards the false ones is the result of their own will and behavior, and the result of other divine traditions such as the tradition of "guidance, preaching and warning, will and authority, feedback of actions and relief".

The issue of evil, which is interpreted as the refuge of atheism, is a lively and dynamic debate in the New theology. Theodicy of Divine Compensation is a theological attempt by McCord Adams to explain how the wicked rationally reconcile with an absolutely benevolent God that has received less attention and angles. In this research, with the method of content analysis, an attempt has been made to explain this approach and to express and evaluate its drawbacks and defenses. She tries to change the view of the problem of evil from an abstract problem to an existential problem. And by passing through instrumentalist answers based on the best possible world, it enters into the existential and meaningful connection of the evil and raises the transcendence of the evil through the connection and oneness of existence with God, which is the highest divine reward and compensation. She also emphasizes: a. the imperfection of our understanding of divine purposes, b. the recommendation to step out of defense in the face of evil, c. the focus on the infinite essence of divine goodness, and d. God-like experiences. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain this approach and its drawbacks and defenses have been expressed and evaluated. These problems are such things as the confrontation of philosophy and religion in the issue of evil, the lack of moral obligation of God, the inadequacy of reparation, the lack of justification for evil in this world, the lack of efforts to reduce evil.