نشریه علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 41 (زمستان 1401)

In this research, first, by studying the theoretical foundations of the research, criteria and sub-criteria were identified that are effective for environmental sustainability. After identifying the criteria, the Delphi questionnaire was designed and provided to experts and specialists. The implementation of the Delphi technique progressed to three rounds, so that in the third session the panel members expressed their views on each of the criteria, which increased the Kendall coordination coefficient to 0٫669, since the coordination coefficient value Kendall had a smaller increase than the second round, and due to the fact that the level of consensus and consensus of the members did not show significant growth, the repetition of Delphi courses was stopped. After the Delphi stages, the criteria of resources and environmental services, environmental health and energy were selected as the most important criteria for assessing environmental sustainability in Ahvaz city. The southern part is in the second place, the western part is in the third place and the central part is in the fourth place. Findings indicate that despite the contribution of each environmental damage in the analysis of sustainability and quality criteria of the urban environment, it can be said that air pollutants have the most important role in environmental instability in Ahvaz.

Today, societies are moving towards the electronic world. Therefore, considering the free tradeindustrial zones, they can play an important role as a gateway for countries in increasing exports, developing employment, attracting domestic and foreign investments, and sustainable spatial development in the region. Having information and communication technology infrastructure can play a role. Play a great role in the development of these places. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the electronic city and its place in the development of free trade ports in Chabahar. The approach governing the research space is quantitative and the type of research is applied. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field research and a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes the citizens of Chabahar. The sample size of Cochran's formula was 384 people. Path analysis and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the rate of citizens' use of e-city indicators with an average of 3٫38 is higher than the desired situation. Also, information technology has had a significant impact on the development of Chabahar free ports in the social dimension with an average of 3٫22, in economic development with an average of 3٫40 and in the physical development of Chabahar port with an average of 3٫33. In order to investigate the most important effects of e-city indicators in Chabahar Free Trade Zone, path analysis test has been used. The results showed that among the proposed indicators, private sector investment indicators with a beta coefficient of 0٫564, trade development index in national and international areas with a beta coefficient of 0٫765, revenue growth index from The activities of the free zone with a beta coefficient of 0٫123, the index of increasing productive and permanent employment with a beta coefficient of 0٫154, the facilitation and development of exports and attracting foreign capital with a beta coefficient of 0٫234, have had direct effects. However, the greatest impact on the trade development index is in the national and international spheres.

Natural hazards have always occurred suddenly and at all times. Human societies have always suffered greatly from these dangers. One way to deal with these risks is to increase the resilience of communities to these risks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resilience of urban and rural communities against natural hazards and to provide a resilience model in each of the communities in Golpayegan city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method of work. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of urban and rural households in Golpayegan city (61101 households), from which a sample size of 621 people was randomly selected using the Cochran's formula. One-sample t-test, regression analysis and path analysis were used for the analysis. The results of regression analysis showed that the economic index with beta coefficient of 13161 has the greatest impact on urban and rural communities and the institutional index with beta coefficient of 13032 has the least impact. Also, the results of path analysis showed that the economic variable with an overall effect of 13226 and the social variable with an overall effect of 13223 have the greatest impact on the resilience of urban and rural communities in Golpayegan, respectively, and the physical-environmental variable with an overall effect of 13232 Among other variables, it had the least impact on the resilience of urban and rural communities in Golpayegan. Also, the results of experts' studies showed that the resilience of rural communities is much lower than the resilience of urban communities. Also, the results showed that the total resilience of rural communities is equal to 23112 and in urban communities is equal to 63011, which shows the difference in resilience between urban and rural communities.

Today, tourism is known as an influential industry in human society and its effects are not hidden from anyone. Rural tourism, as a branch of tourism, has a great impact on the rural community, and identifying these factors can be of great help to officials and planners. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the influential factors of tourism in the host community in the villages of Poldakhtar city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method of work. The statistical population of the study consists of local people of Paran Parviz, Afrineh and Valiasr villages of Poldakhtar city, which according to the statistics of 6102, their population was 5135 people. Cochran's formula was used to select the sample size, by which 120 people were selected as the sample size. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 1/31. Factor analysis method has been used for the analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the most important factors influencing tourism in the host society are economic, social, infrastructural and physical factors, respectively. Among the various factors, the economic factor with 61/212 percent of the variance has the highest and the physical factor with 00/052 percent of the variance has the lowest percentage among the influential factors of tourism in the host society. Also, the social factor with 02/5111 of variance and the infrastructural factor with 01/2231 of variance are in the second and third ranks

The purpose of this research is to measure and measure the sulfur dioxide pollutant at Beyhaqi terminal site in Tehran and to simulate the distribution of this pollutant under various conditions. This research is of applied type. The desired pollutant was measured through a portable device according to NIOSH guidelines. The pollutant release list was prepared under the two scenarios and Austal view, version 3 software was used for simulation. The results showed that in both scenarios, within 1 hour and up to a radius of 1 km, the sulfur dioxide pollutant is not higher than the standard. Of course, the important point is that the emission speed of this pollutant was low and it could not reach the range of 1 km within 1 hour. However, the annual distribution of sulfur dioxide pollutant shows that in both scenarios, the amount of pollutant is very high at the beginning (distance of 311 meters), then the pollutant concentration decreases as the distance from the source increases. The contamination zone extends further to the east and southeast. Of course, in the second scenario, the amount of pollution is much lower than the first scenario.

Today, urban settlements are constantly and extensively exposed to a variety of hazards. This problem becomes much more complicated during natural disasters, especially when they are accompanied by social anomalies. Flood is a natural disaster that, when it occurs, like any other natural disaster, causes great damage to various sections of human society. For this reason, it is important to study and pay attention to recognizing the rapid methods of dealing with and controlling this phenomenon in crisis situations. Rapid construction of flood control structures is a subset of flood management that includes temporary structures and methods of its operation, which by providing and operating these structures can significantly prevent flood losses and economic losses. Priorities of urban planning and mainly crisis management of such accidents should move to the construction of this type of technology to prevent the occurrence of unfortunate and uncontrollable events by using this type of structures and studying the engineering properties of their materials. In this research, rapid flood control technologies are studied and the effectiveness of these methods in crisis situations is evaluated. The results show that lightweight fast construction structures with high operational capability are the most suitable option during floods in crisis situations.

Evidence shows that urban management in Iran is mainly based on old models such as comprehensive and detailed plans and less emphasis is placed on new models such as creative cities. With this approach, regions 1 and 6 of Mashhad metropolis were selected as a case study of the present study. This study was conducted to answer the question of which indicators of Hong Kong Creative City in areas 1 and 6 of the metropolis of Mashhad are more important for the development of urban creativity. The research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature of the research. Based on this method, in the first stage, the theoretical foundations and research literature as well as the research background in both internal and external sections were studied. In the second stage, the research questionnaire was designed based on Hong Kong creativity indicators and then this questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of the research and the information collected in SPSS software was organized. In the third stage, the research was described using descriptive findings. Finally, in the fourth stage, the research findings were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of reviewing and comparing the mean scores of the main indicators in the case areas showed that in terms of three indicators of cultural capital, human capital and structural capital, region one is in a better position than region six. On the other hand, in terms of social capital index, region six with an average score of 2711 has better conditions than region one. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that out of 22 studied indicators that were developed in the theoretical model of the research, 14 sub-indices in region one and 1 sub-indices in region six were approved. The results mean that the theoretical model of research in the region has more capabilities and applications.

Assessing the spatial distribution of recharge in karstified terrains is very important for water management and protection, but it is a complex issue due to the complexity of natural conditions and water movement in karst areas, and the application of conventional methods has not provided satisfactory results in these terrains. The KARSTLOP method is a new technique to display the spatial distribution map of recharge and arrive at the statistical mean value of the recharge in a watershed. The purpose of this study was modelling the spatial distribution of recharge using the KARSTLOP method in the Tangekhosh Watershed of Busbehr Province. The zoning map of recharge areas was prepared using the KARSTLOP method in the ArcGIS software. The results were compared with the geomorphologic map of the surface karst and the beight of recharpe estimated by the altitudinal isotopic gradient in order to evaluate the modelis accuracy in estimat ing the values of recharge. Altitudinal isotopic gradient was drawn using the isotopic content of precipita tion samples and the height of the sampling points during the 2112- 2112 period. Digital recharge map obtained by the KARSTLOP method was shown that 54 percentage of the watershed areas had more than 21 percentage of the recharge, which corresponded to the limestone formations that contained a maximum density of the karstic landforms. The height of the recharge points of the golabi , raghaz and rodbal springs was estimated at 594, 522 and 529 meters, respectively, using the altitudinal isotopic pradient method, which were placed in the altitude range of 541-441 meter and it contains the maximum recharge zone (22 to 82 percentage) of the KARSTLOP method. The comparison of the KARSTLOP recharge map with that of the recharge height of the springs using the altitudinal isotopic gradient indicated that the KARSTLOP method performed acceptably in determining the maximum recharge range and the spatial distribution of recharge in the darabrodbal Watershed