International Journal of Psychology
Volume:15 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2021

The main purpose of the present research was to study the mediating role of intrinsic work motivation in the relationship between conscientiousness and adversity quotient with firefighters' task performance in Isfahan. The research method was correlational, and the statistical population included all firefighters (600 persons) in Isfahan, among which 228 persons were selected via simple random sampling. The research questionnaires were Intrinsic Work Motivation (Gagne et al., 2015), Conscientiousness (McCrae & Costa, 1992), Adversity Quotient Profile (PEAK Learning Inc., 2008), and Task Performance (Patterson, 1963). Data were analyzed by using Pearson's Correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). SPSS23 and AMOS23 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that conscientiousness directly affects task performance and intrinsic work motivation; Adversity quotient directly affects intrinsic work motivation; Intrinsic work motivation directly affects task performance (P≤0.001).Moreover, results of structural equation modeling showed that the proposed model has appropriate goodness of fit, and by examining the indirect and mediating effects through  bootstrap method, it was demonstrated that intrinsic work motivation mediates the effect of conscientiousness and adversity quotient on task performance (P<.05).Therefore, findings of present study indicate that conscientiousness and adversity quotient could increase task performance through positive effect on intrinsic work motivation.

The family is the first environment in which children grow up and therefore has significant effects on children’s behaviors. The present study aimed to test the aggression model among ADHD children based on maternal parenting styles with the mediation of executive function. This was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted on 200 primary school students with ADHD in Iran. Data collection tools included the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire, and the Barkley Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The results of path analysis suggested the relationship between maternal authoritative and permissive parenting styles with aggression was mediated through executive function (p<.05). The maternal authoritative parenting style has a negative relationship with aggression (p<.001) and executive function problems (p<.001). Also, the maternal permissive parenting style has a positive relationship with aggression (p<.001) and executive function problems (p=.006). Maternal parenting styles can affect the cognitive and behavioral performance of ADHD children.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) plus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on distress tolerance of female adolescents with self-injury behaviors using a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control groups. Sixty female students were selected as the sample from all female students in public schools in District 1 of Tehran via stepwise cluster sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (n=20 in each group). The first experimental group (ACT) and the second experimental group (mindfulness) received 8 sessions of therapeutic interventions (60-70 minutes per week), while the control group had no intervention. The self-report list of self-injury behaviors was used before, immediately after and 2 months after the intervention sessions for data collection (Klonsky, & Glenn, 2009) plus distress tolerance scale (DTS) (Simons, & Gaher, 2005). SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that both intervention methods were effective on increasing distress tolerance and its components (P<.01). The results of Bonferroni test revealed no significant difference between effectiveness of ACT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on distress tolerance of students with self-injury behaviors. Thus, it can be found that both intervention methods were effective on enhancing adolescent distress tolerance and both approaches can be used to improve the mental health of adolescents with self-injury behaviors.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between promotion-focused and prevention-focused ethical leadership to organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors with the mediating role of the organizational trust. For this purpose, 180 stratified randomly selected employees participated in the study. Participants completed promotion-focused and Prevention-focused ethical leadership (Bush et al., 2020), organizational trust (Yoo & kanawattanachai, 2002), organizational citizenship behavior (Organ & Kanofsky, 1989) counterproductive work behavior (Bennett & Robinson, 2002) questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS-23 was used to assess the proposed model's fit indices and path coefficient. The bootstrap procedure by Preacher and Hayes (2008) was used for testing the mediation effect. Fit indices indicated a very good fit of the model with the data. Path coefficients showed that the promotion-focused Ethical Leadership (0.54) positivity and prevention-focused Ethical Leadership (-0.31) negativity has an effect on organizational trust and organizational trust has an effect on organizational citizenship behavior (0.51) and counterproductive work behavior (-0.47). Also, the results showed that the promotion-focused Ethical Leadership had a positive indirect effect on citizenship behavior through organizational trust and Prevention-focused Ethical Leadership had a positive indirect effect on counterproductive work behavior through organizational trust. We explored how these different types of ethical leadership may indirectly, through felt trust, impact citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Given the importance of ethical decision-making in organizations and the calls for increased ethical leadership, our findings have important implications for theory and practice.

According to previous studies, various factors can affect the symptoms of schizophrenia. The present study aimed to predict the symptoms of schizophrenia based on early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional attitudes with a mediating role of self-esteem. This study is a cross-sectional correlational study using the structural equation model. The sample consisted of 210 patients with schizophrenia who had the conditions to participate in this study. The Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire, short form 3 (YSQ-S3), the dysfunctional attitudes scale-26 (DAS-26), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were used. To test the research hypotheses, simultaneous multiple regression was performed according to the steps of Baron and Kenny (1986) and the structural equation modeling, along with the mood control of depression. To fit the proposed model of the indices RMSEA, AGFI, CFI were used, and the results were .74, .73, .93, respectively. also Repeated sampling method was used to determine the indirect significance of the mediating variable. the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, dysfunctional attitudes, and the occurrence of schizophrenia symptoms was confirmed (p<.05). The results of fit indices showed that the designed model has a good fit and is closely related to the hypotheses. Therefore, early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional attitudes are significant predictors of schizophrenia symptoms both directly and through the mediating role of self-esteem.

This study aimed to identify the pattern of strengths and weaknesses of students with dyslexia based on their Wechsler intellectual profiles. We obtained 119 Wechsler intelligence test results of male and female students with dyslexia from SLD centers. The data from four primary index scores (VCI, PRI, WMI, and PSI) were extracted and analyzed. The highest scores belonged to PRI (98.22), comprising block design (10.45), matrix reasoning (9.7), and picture concepts (8.6). The lowest means were observed on WMI (78.2), with the highest and lowest average in digit span (8.24) and number-letter sequencing (4.12), respectively. The performance of these students in overall perception, general visualization, visual-spatial information processing, discovery of nonverbal relationships, and fluid reasoning was superior to their other cognitive features, e.g., digit span and letter-number sequencing.

This study was done to explain the pessimistic attitude toward remarriage in divorced women based on insecure attachment style and fear of intimacy. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. All divorced women in Tehran city in 2020 made up the population of this research, 158 of them were chosen through a convenient and snowball sampling method from among the educational groups formed on social networking sites (Telegram and WhatsApp). Participants completed the attitude to remarriage and Fear of Intimacy Questionnaire and Adult Attachment Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, and SPSS22 software. The results indicated that fear of intimacy had a positive and significant relationship with a pessimistic attitude towards remarriage (r = .204; p = .010). Also, avoidant attachment style showed a positive and significant relationship with pessimistic attitude towards remarriage (r = .272; p = .001). However, the relationship between anxious, insecure attachment style and pessimistic attitude towards remarriage was not significant. According to the findings, failure in the first marriage can create a pessimistic attitude towards remarriage in divorced women by creating a sense of insecurity in them and increasing their fear about intimate relationships with others.

This research has been implemented to examine the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy on reducing negative emotion schemas and alexithymia and enhancing marital compatibility of women referring to counseling centers in Isfahan city, Iran. The present research was semi-experimental and of pre-and post-test type with the control group. Their research population consisted of maladjusted women referring to the counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran. Using a marital maladjustment questionnaire and psychological diagnosis, 30 subjects were chosen and assigned into control and experimental groups through simple random sampling; in this research, negative emotion schemas referred to the scores resulting from Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (2002). Emotional alexithymia was measured using the Toronto questionnaire (2007), and marital compatibility using the Spanier questionnaire (1976). The intervention group participated in eight therapy sessions with an emotionally focused couple therapy approach, but the control group did not receive interventions. Suggest: Thirty subjects with a marital maladjustment questionnaire and psychological diagnosis were chosen and assigned to control and experimental groups through simple random sampling. The research, negative emotion schemas referred to the scores resulting from Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (2002)). The results adjusted that emotionally focused couple therapy can enhance marital compatibility and reduce the negative emotion schema and emotional alexithymia among the study women (P<.05). Thus, this method can be used as an intervention and therapeutic method to reduce negative emotional schema and alexithymia and enhance marital compatibility.