نشریه علم و تمدن در اسلام
پیاپی 13 (پاییز 1401)

An important part of the birth and development of classical mathematical sciences is owed to the Iranians in the process of Islamic civilization, which was achieved following the implementation of policies and tact of the governments and scientists of the era of Buyid, Seljuk, and Ilkhanate, so it can be said: one of the important phenomena of the history of science And the social history of the middle Islamic period is the extraordinary and simultaneous development of mathematical sciences and the Shiite religion in the Ilkhanate era, which was often accompanied by the political-scientific planning of Khwaja Nasir al-Din Tusi. With its capture by the Muslim Arabs, they consider it similar, they set a stage in the evolution and development of the history of mathematical sciences in Iran. Maragheh and Tabriz became the center of activity of scientists and the scientific capital of the Ilkhanate, and the Islamic intellectual and transmission sciences, especially the sciences related to Shia It has developed tremendously, a subject that has not been clearly explained, therefore, the present article aims to answer this question through a descriptive-analytical method and library studies: the details of scientific achievements in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. And what was trigonometry? The findings of this research show that in this period, with the rise of the production of meteorological instruments and the writing of Zijs, such innovations were It gained popularity and became a common export product to Europe.

Civilization, that is, adherence to specific rights and customs, is a development that has long been welcomed and disputed in human societies with different religious, political, etc. approaches. Certainly, the realization of any transformation depends on the ways to achieve it, and one of its most important elements is the formation of the government or, in today's terms, the existence of the government.In societies that rely on religion, looking at the two categories of government and civilization will be based on a religious attitude. Therefore, in the Imamiyya school, these two categories based on jurisprudence and the data of the Qur'an and the life of the Infallible, peace be upon him, have emerged and proven, and the realization of the government based on Islamic civilization is the hope of all Shia thinkers, which is the correct definition of the era of the emergence of the Promised Imam of God.This study analyzes the conceptualization of civilization and government in the political thought of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri against the most famous influential figure of constitutionalism with a historical approach and its comparison with the data of Imami jurisprudence and the history of Islam and the method of collecting information. It has been a library; To make it clear: the actions of the deceased for the realization and preservation and development of civilization and the implementation of the law, freedom, and dignity of the nation were formed based on the holy Islamic law and the formation of a divine civilized government.

There are writings about the art of calligraphy in general and about calligraphy in the Safavid era in particular, but less has been said about the connection between calligraphy and Shiism and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), especially in the Safavid era. Therefore, in this research, the question is how the art of calligraphy in the Safavid era is related to Shiism and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS). In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, referring to the use of Shiite concepts and symbols in the art of calligraphy, especially in the Safavid era, it is concluded that along with the recommendations of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) about good ‌Writing and remembering some of the companions of the Imams (AS) and some of Imams (AS) among the calligraphers, calligraphy in the form of repeated use of the letters and titles of the Shiite Imams (AS), prayer and recourse To the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), blessings be upon the Prophet (PBUH) and his family, and things like that, in the form of inscriptions, calligraphy in pictures, calligraphy on objects, metal, and cloth, and the importance shows the connection between Shiism and Ahl al-Bayt (AS) with calligraphy in the Safavid era and the works of the Safavid period.

Hassan Hanafi is one of the thinkers whose mental concern was the issue of degeneration and departure from it, and he had a specific civilization plan in this field. This article, with a descriptive and analytical method, attempts to answer this question: what is the main cause of the backwardness of the Islamic world from Hanafi's point of view, and what is his plan to get out of this situation? Based on the findings of the research, Hanafi considered the main problem in the non-renewal of the Muslim cultural heritage and its ineffectiveness in responding to the needs of the time, and based on this, he focused his plan on the renewal of the heritage. This plan consists of three main parts: 1. Our position towards the old heritage; 2. Our position towards the West and 3. Our position towards the current reality. He is trying to reread the heritage, especially the scientific heritage of Muslims, and modernize it based on the current events, by using the modern scientific methods of the West, to provide the ground for the revival and modernization of Islamic civilization. despite its strengths, this plan, can also be criticized from some aspects, the most important of which is the influence of some western schools of thought, intellectual eclecticism in the type of attitude towards religion and its heritage and the method of its renewal, and the harms of the humanistic and practical attitude towards religion and It is a religious heritage.

Reason and wisdom, as the greatest gift of God, generally supervise all vital human activities such as understanding, knowing, and also moral judgments. It is also one of the factors that enable humans to create rational political, social, and economic structures. With its help, social order and justice can be established by creating effective laws. Verses, narrations, and the practices of religious leaders reveal the importance of reason and rational thought and action in Islam. Many Muslim thinkers addressed this importance from different angles, among them Muhammad bin Zakariya Razi, a prominent scientist of the third and early fourth centuries of Hijri. Reflection on the discussion of reason from the perspective of Zakaria Razi raises fundamental questions for the researcher, including considering the importance of rationality in Islam, what is Razi's solution for its usefulness, and practical realization in the advancement of Islamic civilization. What is Razi's approach to the types of formations of reason and finally their role and place in cognition? According to the mentioned cases, this article investigated the issue with a descriptive-analytical method, and its findings indicated Zakaria Razi's effort to spread and apply the structures of reasoning reason, critical rationality, and reason itself, the basis of Islamic civilization. The fight against the anti-rational currents that had distanced themselves from Islam's rationality under asceticism and withdrawal or inattention to the world is considered one of his other very important actions.

Organization of the Islamic Conference (founded in 1969/1348), which is 2011/1390 It changed its name to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, rather than being active in the cultural-civilization field, it became a political organization, but considering the nature and cultural-civilizational history of the Islamic countries that are members of the organization and the increasing necessity of non-political, constructive actions. In social fields, the need to establish a cultural-civilized organization in Islamic countries under the Organization of Islamic Cooperation became so high that in 1982 AD/1361 A.H. It led to the establishment of the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISCO), but has this organization been successful in fulfilling its cultural-civilizational role? The present article tries to answer the mentioned question by introducing ISECO in the section on goals, and missions (activities) and explaining the policies and strategies of the organization. The method of the article is historical, descriptive, and analytical to answer the question. The findings of the article are the existence of various contradictions in Islamic countries, including political differences, as well as the interference of Western countries such as Israel and the United States, and the influence of ICESCO on the political atmosphere of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation prevented the full realization of the goals of the Islamic educational, scientific and cultural organization. However, ISECO's capacities and capabilities have created new hopes for the cultural-civilizational activities and strategies of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.