نشریه مطالعاتی در مدیریت بانکی و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1401)

The money production factory in every country is the central bank and the quantity and quality of this production depend only on the rationality and ethics of policymakers and bankers. The central bank can be considered as one of the institutions of political economy that has a close relationship with democracy. According to the relations governing the election of the president, also, one of the responsibilities that the people entrust to the head of state is to protect the assets of the people and the country. When the major part of these assets through the central bank channel undergoes fundamental changes on a large scale, improving the structure of the central bank is inevitable to create financial stability in the country. The main goal of this article is to reach a suitable governance framework in the central banking of Iran by using the corporate governance methodology. In order to institutionalize corporate governance in the central bank, first of all, people should be accepted as the main owners of this institution. The people who have entrusted this right to their elected officials whom are expected to observe the principles of religious democracy, should be accepted as the main owners of this institution. Who have entrusted this right to their elected officials with the principles of religious democracy. In the form of a new system of accountability, the people's elected officials should be responsible for the most important mission of the central bank, i.e. financial stability and maintaining the value of the national currency, and provide the structure for its realization. In order to design a new structure in the banking system of the country, it is necessary to comply with these issues: improving the pillar of the General Assembly, changing the executive role of the board of directors, defining a specific mission for the pillar of the Money and Credit Council, the necessity of creating a pillar of the Supreme Council of  the Banks, improving financial discipline and independence of the maintaining the financial stability and the value of the national currency Central and operating banks.

In this study, the frameworks of Shariah supervision and specifically, Shariah compliance, have been introduced and examined, and its purpose is to provide a framework that can be used to create a perspective for the culture of Shariah compliance risk in Iran's banking system and at the level of organizational procedures. For this purpose, the structures of Shariah supervision in the countries with the Islamic banking window have been examined from the institutional and instrumental aspects, then relying on numerous international and domestic studies, it has been tried to select the best experience related to the implementation of Shariah Supervision. Until now, comprehensive scientific and executive documentation has not been compiled regarding this issue in Iran as a country that faces challenges in Islamic banking in the form of the law of Usury-Free Banking Operation. Therefore, by using the Future Study method and by choosing the Visioning approach, it has been tried to define and explain a suitable framework to be used to develop a desirable vision for the country. For this purpose, Shariah supervision and its implementation system in Malaysia, where is considered to be leading in the implementation of Islamic banking, it has been examined as a perspective, and by examining the legal and regulatory frameworks, institutional and instrumental capacities, studies and achievements of the Islamic banking system and ongoing and future programs approved by the supervisory body in this country, draws a structure in accordance with the culture of Shariah compliance risk in Malaysia with an emphasis on organizational procedures and it has been introduced as a framework for exploiting the culture of Shariah compliance risk in Iran.

Due to contractual demands, litigation costs and legal preferences in banks, the role of conditional conservatism is important in order to increase banking transparency. Also, in the conditions of information asymmetry and financial distress, uncertainty about the quality of loans is reduced, bank managers try to reduce agency costs by increasing the quality of information through conservative reporting and increasing the informing about banks real value. Based on this, the aim of the research is to investigate the effect of information asymmetry and financial distress on relationship between accounting conservatism and loan quality portfolio in Iran's banking system. For this purpose, the data of 15 banks accepted in the Iranian capital market between 2012 and 2020 have been used. The analysis of the results using multiple regression showed that conditional conservatism has increased the loan quality portfolio (increasing the quality of bank assets and reducing the ratio of non-current claims), and informational asymmetry and financial distress with a positive effect have modified and intensified the relationship between conditional conservatism and loan quality portfolio.

The present research with emphasis on the use of the combined model of logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and symbolic regression, the current research aims to identify the factors that affect the credit risk of real customers in selected branches of Sepah Shiraz, with the aim of effective monitoring of micro-loan. By examining a sample of 351 real customers, 17 variables included; loan amount, repayment term, interest rate, income, age, number of bounced checks, debt history, account lifetime, type of collateral, education, gender, spouse's employment, marital status, property status, job, type of loan, obligatory or non-obligatory status for the classification of customers into good and bad accounts were categorized and extracted. Using forward selection technique of parent, 5 variables affecting credit risk were selected and used to train a neural network with three neurons in the hidden layer. The optimal cutting point was selected based on the characteristic curve of the system performance. The results of the output of the artificial neural network on the test data showed that the accuracy of the combined model of logistic regression-artificial neural networks in the classification of good customers is 0.89 and in the classification of bad customers is 0.83. The results of logistic regression, and the combined logistic regression-symbolic regression model is better.

The vastness and complexity of human societies and the importance of figuring out the structure of interpersonal communications to explore the effect of these communications to achieve recognized, precise and predetermined goals have highlighted the role of consulting networks and their analyses over the past decades.  Today activities of large companies of the world are pertinent directly to the evaluation and analysis of social networks. Meanwhile, since organizations and enterprises are often formed and continue to operate to make profits, managers try so that nothing hurts their profitability. Service companies whose income is mainly derived from services they procure and are highly reliant on their human force need more than other companies to identify exact position and role of employees in formal and informal structures of the organization in attracting and maintaining customers in order to boost revenue through encouraging counseling networks and promoting knowledge and knowhow of employees in various levels of the organization. This study in an attempt to explore its prediction goals used a network structure and collected behavioral data of employees working in 36 branches of a private bank to detect their internal counseling network. Then network graph was made and profitability prediction analysis was performed by determining the association relatively strength of internal counseling networks and bank profitability via regression model. According to the results obtained from a nonlinear regression model, this study supported the association between the independent variables and the dependent variables.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial and banking components and stock returns of banks listed on the stock exchange. This is an applied research and has been conducted by the descriptive-analytical method. Regression models and panel data have also been used to analyze the data. The dependent variable of the research on the stock return of the listed banks and 9 independent variables corresponding to the six elements of the CAMELS method include capital adequacy ratio, Debt ratio, asset quality, per capita net profit, net income to total financial facilities, net profit margin, deposit to asset ratio, total loan to total deposit ratio, and income changes to interest rate changes. The banks surveyed include 15 banks during the period 2011 to 2020. The results show the positive effect and significant coefficients of debt ratio variables, per capita net profit, net income to total financial facilities and income changes to interest rate changes, on stock returns of banks is at a 95% confidence level that corresponds to the elements of assets, management and interest rate sensitivity in the CAMELS rating system.