نشریه بحران پژوهی جهان اسلام
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 23، زمستان 1400)

The aim of the present study is to analyze the theory of Velayat-e-Faqih in the political thought of Allameh Mesbah Yazdi. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is mainly based on his documents, lectures, and books. The results indicate that Velayat-e-Faqih in the political thought of Allameh Mesbah Yazdi is a theological and jurisprudential debate and is responsible for all the authority of Imam Masoom (AS). In proving the Supreme Leader, he cites two rational and narrative reasons. Regarding the rational arguments, he reminds us that the intellect is one of the four sources for inferring the Sharia ruling. Therefore, the value of citing a rational reason to prove Velayat-e-Faqih is not less than the value of quoting narrated evidence, verses, and hadiths.

The purpose of the present study is to review the impact of social policymaking on fostering the tendency to national identity among members of the society. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and its approach is theoretical. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between the need for social justice and equal access to resources and facilities and the subject of national identity. Fulfillment of the people’s needs in society can encourage their tendency to national identity while not providing their needs can discourage their tendency. When the government as the main institution for policy making in the country can distribute the resources fairly, people’s inclination to national identity is encouraged. The main point is that the governments perform this distribution by the process of social policymaking and if this policy is conducted properly it can add to people’s tendency to national identity. In general, by providing welfare for members of the society and meeting their satisfaction, social policymaking improves their attachment to the political system and national society and finally fosters their attachment to their national identity.

The purpose of the present study is to review Protestant religious reformation from political approach. The method of research is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that contrary to what is assumed, Protestantism was not a religious movement to revive religion and avoid Christianity abuse by the priests and the Pope; but rather it was a political movement against the Pope and his absolute authority aiming to prevent the emerging kingdoms then to take measures against the Pope's policy of dividing the world between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. Thus, they attempted to weaken the status and domination of the Pope. The effect of this movement in Europe was different from country to country, that is to say, this movement was successful in regions where the kings were against the Pope and sought powerful presence in the global realm while it was not really successful in other regions where the kings did not seek to be present in the international level and had insufficient power to fight against the Pope and his followers. Besides, this movement led to the birth of government-nations on the global level.

The main goal of the current research was the position of leadership from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei. In the most important decision-making center in the framework of the Islamic system, from the point of view of Ayatollah Khamenei, whether as an individual or an institution, he identifies and identifies the main issues of society's politics. In the scope of power does the scope of the power of leadership include the realms of people's private lives? The question investigated in the research is: From the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei, what is the position of leadership in the Islamic political system? In response to this question, the hypothesis is proposed that" from the point of view of Ayatollah Khamenei, the most important decision-making center is the people, and the scope of leadership power is within the framework of laws and the flow of power from the society's pyramid". In This research, using the theoretical framework of functionalism, the most important decision-making center and the scope and flow of leadership power in the political system were investigated from the perspective of the supreme leader using the descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research indicate that Ayatollah Khamenei considers the institution of leadership to be the guardian and general representative of the people, that with the choice and will of the people, his decisions and powers gain the power to be implemented; And leadership establishes order and stability in the system by connecting the components to each other.

The purpose of the present study is to answer this research question: which written and implicit evidence has Ostād Motahhari presented of the concept of mankind as a political-Islamic subject in his intellectual framework regarding the Islamic revolution and republic? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that Ostād Motahhari has portrayed a new model of mankind through comparative and systematic analysis so that he implemented the content of political philosophy and religious anthropology based on religious and spiritual rationality.

The purpose of the present study is to review Shi'ite effective geopolitical foundations in the regional system of the Middle East. The method of research is descriptive-analytic and the library method was used for data collection. In this regard, 269 samples were chosen to complete the questionnaire and determine the statistical sample. According to the obtained results, the region's geographic vastness is the first effective factor causing political impact. It is associated with the concept of power and Shi'ism has turned into a geopolitical subject today because the Shi'ites' geographical centers are the influential regions on power relations in the Middle East and the whole world. The existence of 'Atabāt-e 'Āliyāt is the second and conflicts and Vahābiat are the third effective factor on the Shi'ites creating models and Shi'ite mutual acts in the Middle East.