نشریه شاهد اندیشه
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Looking at the issue of development, we can consider culture as an important environment for economic, political and social development. Cultural values and norms grow better by influencing different sectors of development. Culture in connection with different parts of the society, enable the realization of sustainable development. Sustainable development means the balanced growth of all elements of society. The function and effective communication of different parts of the society with the material and non-material goals of development leads to the growth and excellence of the society. Cultural development is formed after changes in the perceptual, cognitive and value affairs of humans in individual and social sectors. Self-sacrifice in life and property are valuable in cultures. Considering the fundamental role of culture in human social life in the field of development, the spread of the culture of self-sacrifice in cultural development seems to be considered. This qualitative research, based on the available sources, tries to describe the culture of self-sacrifice and its role in the realization of cultural development. The result of this research shows that culture and its elements strongly influence the development process. In order to realize cultural development, it is necessary to spread the culture of self-sacrifice among the members of the society. Therefore, strengthening and spreading the culture of self-sacrifice has an important role in the cultural development of the society. Emphasis on the growth of human values along with the growth of managerial, financial, scientific and technological sectors is necessary for the realization of cultural development.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Persian language satellite channels, especially Man and To channel, in weakening the spirit of self-sacrifice and resistance of the youth of Iran. library resources, content analysis and survey have been done using questionnaires, questionnaires were distributed among 45 people (based on the full number model and in the limit of sufficiency) of experts and professors in the field of media and cultural, social experts and experts, finally The collected data were entered into spss software and conclusions were made with the help of one of the quantification tests called independent t-test. The number of 3 components (lifestyle, Islamic identity, and national identity) and each component with 18 indicators have proven how Man and To satellite network is related to the culture of sacrifice and resistance. Among them, the most effective indicators were consumerism. and luxuryism, promotion of secularism, promotion of western culture and change of national values.

Growth and development is formed based on the governance vision document, including the formulation of strategies, policies, policies and long-term executive plans. Growth is the concept of quantitative transformation and development is the concept of qualitative and sustainable transformation, by creating all-round content change in economic, political, cultural, social and population (human) dimensions. In the country's development vision document, it is emphasized to achieve development, according to its cultural, geographical and historical requirements and relying on moral principles, Islamic, national and revolutionary values. To realize such a vision, special attention should be paid to the management of human resources as a generator of growth and development, which is the national capital and has the most important role and influence in the achievement of the society's strategic goals. The process of growth and development should be explained and modeled on the basis of religious, social, historical, national values, added value created with the spirit of jihad and self-sacrifice and the culture affected by it at the level of the country's national needs. In this research, the qualitative methodology of grounded theory is used, which is based on text, interviews and the use of the experiences of elite and reference groups in the research method. In this research, more than seventy influential components in the process of human resource management with the spirit of jihad and self-sacrifice of statistics and based on the meanings, concepts, components and structural processes of growth and development were classified into seven levels and the main influential factors were explained and using Cronbach's alpha test Their reliability or reliability was evaluated and confirmed, which include; Policy making, structure reform, knowledge enhancement, attitude change, behavior reform, culture reform, new management style. Using managerial concepts and the development process and benefiting from the perspective of the elites, the model and the process of the structural cycle, the main factors affecting the growth and development affected by the spirit of jihad and self-sacrifice were suggested.

Sacrifice is one of the most sublime human actions, which we witnessed during the eight years of Iran-Iraq imposed war. The present research is based on a descriptive-analytical method, with the aim of investigating how self-sacrifice is reflected in the two works "Balour Bag" and "Glob Khanum", which are written with the focus of war and the theme of the families of martyrs and veterans. It is trying to achieve this important point that these works pay attention to which aspect of sacrifice and what is the position of women in promoting this category? The findings show that "sacrifice" and "sacrifice" are not limited to a certain stratum and class, or age and gender; Time and place conditions can overshadow the amount and manner of sacrifice and its formation in any society causes resistance and victory. Each of the novels in question have done well in reflecting the issue of sacrifice. Makhmalbaf created his work in the last years of the sixties and with a realistic view of the war, he focused more on the sacrifices of the martyrs and their families and the problems they face; But with a positive and value-oriented perspective, Frost has portrayed the sacrifice of women in contrast to the veteranism of men and has pointed out their role in promoting this culture. The achievement of studying these works is to spread the spirit of selflessness in the society.

The values that are predominant in every society are under its national, cultural, mythical and religions believes. Holly defences periods are under religions doctorine, specially Quran.Religious culture and ask for martyrdom became as common aim of public and element of success in imposed war. Firm confidence to eligious believes was the most important element in sanity and self-regard of people.The basis of soft war and cultural spate is the element of altenuation of values and religious believes.Moreover main aims of this plan is cultural discharge and destroy the Islamic customs of society and the most important spate happen in cultural and political aspects.For access and absolute dominance accomplish from cognition of interlocutor with psychological and scientific method and without resistance and sensibility actualize this variations. The neccessity of protection the cultural and spiritual values of holy defence and cultural invasion necessitate until formulate and methodical programs design and run so propagation of moral excellence and spread spiritual culture of holy defence is essential in along the profits of country. Give identity and self regard was of the most important plans of this. Until the young find their position and location in society and participate in routine affair. The young are asset and manpower of country with filling the extant vacuum Prize to young and creation the motivation to them is blocking for permeation and intervention of foreigns in country.

This research was carried out with the aim of the structural model of the relationship between the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with spiritual bond and psychological capital in administrative employees. Descriptive research method of correlational type and the statistical population of the research was made up of all the administrative employees of the west of Isfahan province in the summer of 1401 in the number of 800 people, from among them 250 people were selected in an accessible way. The research tools were Kinjerski and Scribeneck's Spiritual Connection Questionnaire (2006), Luthans' Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), the researcher-made questionnaire on the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, Mirzaei and Soleimani (2022). The data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling and through AMOS version 24 and SPSS version 23. The findings showed that there is a relationship between the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom and spiritual connection (p<0.01) and between spiritual connection and psychological capital (<0.01). p) Also, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom and psychological capital (p<0.01). The results of structural equation modeling and mediation analysis indicate that spiritual connection is a partial mediating variable, which means that the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom can strengthen psychological capital both indirectly (through strengthening spiritual connection) and directly. The culture of sacrifice and martyrdom (78%) explained the variance of spiritual connection and the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom and spiritual connection (91%) explained the variance of psychological capital. Results It is necessary for administrative managers to promote the spiritual culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom by strengthening social self-sacrifice, mental health, self-sacrifice, God-centeredness and seeking martyrdom and seeking justice for administrative staff in a more tangible way. Or to serve the employees in these matters in order to strengthen the spiritual culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, so that employees with higher spiritual and mental ability can obtain the components of self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism in their work environment (psychological capital).

The purpose of this article is to know the impact of the culture of Alturism and Witness on the development of professional ethics in Education and Development of tehran city that 196 employees were selected using the simple random sampling method and morgan table. The research method is based on the purpose; applied and in terms of nature is descriptive-survey.Data ghathering metod is Field-library and and the tool for gathering information is the questionnaire of Alturism and martyrdom with 13 questions(with demensions God-centered, people-oriented, good action, not belonging to the world) and Kadiurz(2017) professional ethics questionnaire with 22 questions. The findings of the research using the correlation and the regression test showed that the culture of social Alturism and its dimensions have a significant effect on the development of professional ethics in the employees of the Ministry of Education and Development. In other words with reinforcement of the culture of Alturism and Witness with demensions for example God-centered, people-oriented, good action, not belonging to the worldcan be witnessed development of professional ethics in employee of Education and Development of tehran city.

Until the early twentieth century, war and coercion were the most important  governing  principle on relations between countries, but occurrence two world wars with short interval led the charter setters of the United Nations to use force as a destructive factor in international relations, and make the prohibition on use of force  as one of the fundamental principles of international law for the postwar period. Of course, the Charter, in some  cases  allows  to  exert  the inherent right to a Self-defense and collective security system as an exception. Research method is Descriptive-analytical and for collecting information, fishing  tool with library study have been used. We seek to answer these questions: First, where is the position of the use of force and legitimate defense in international law? Second: The US action, in the assassination of Sardar Soleimani, was legitimate or a behavior to justify the use of force in international relations? The findings show that the use of force is prohibited under international law, and the right of legitimate defense of states is recognized only when subjected to armed attacks. Therefore, the US action is clearly contrary to Article 51 of the Charter and has no congruence  to other  international  principles.

The question of ethics in the field of politics is one of the most fundamental questions that has been raised in the political thought of Iran with the formation of the Islamic Revolution. The answer to this question are indicators that can be used to evaluate political managers in different periods. Therefore, we need a realistic understanding of the two concepts of ethics and politics, given the time, place and socio-political situation, so that these ethical concepts help to ensure that the necessity of values does not lead to coercive orders and is accepted by the people according to real needs. On the other hand, it leads to the government's adherence to ethical issues. Because a government that violates the rules of ethics will not follow the rules of law.Therefore, in this study, by carefully analyzing the relationship between ethics and politics in Islamic governance and also reviewing the requirements and necessities of this relationship in the life of Imams and religious leaders, the indicators of political ethics of managers in the life of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (PBUH) based on analysis method The theme should be extracted from Nahj al-Balaghah. The results showed that these components can be examined in the form of two axes of vision (11 indicators) and behavioral (14 indicators).

Among the issues of concern to modern theorists of revolution and social movements is the fate of revolutions after victory and overthrowing the existing order and turning the revolution into a new political system. That a revolutionary movement, after winning over the rejected political system, creates a new system and puts an end to the revolutionary movements, and in fact, the transcendence of the revolution is over and becomes a system. Accordingly, the modern theories of revolution deny the coexistence of revolution and system; But the different understanding of the meaning of the revolution in the opinion of the leaders of the Islamic revolution has caused that in the thought based on the Islamic revolution, not only the mission of the revolution has not been completed, but the theory of "revolutionary system" has been defended. This article tries to use a qualitative method and using documentary sources, while critically examining the important theories of the revolution and social movements, and relying on the social movement theory and Imam Khomeini's innovative view of the Islamic revolution, rejecting the refusal of the coexistence of the revolution and the system as a general rule. Examine what and how the revolution and the system coexist in Iran and provide a model to explain how the revolutionary system can be realized.

The 74-year history of Palestine and the region after the establishment of the fake Israeli regime shows that it has always been associated with bloodshed and occupation, and even when it tried to make peace, it practiced war in secret politics. The question of this article is how to analyze the formation of the Ibrahim agreement by paying attention to the theories of international relations? Although this agreement was initially introduced as a political agreement to strengthen the relations between Bahrain and the UAE, Morocco and Sudan with the regime, today it pursues Israel's security interests. The findings of the research show that Israel never abandons the thinking (Nile to Euphrates) and does not give up the realist approach in security policyThis article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks a theoretical analysis of what and why the formation of this Ibrahim agreement.