نشریه مطالعات مدیریت توسعه سبز
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

The current world economy has put ecosystems and human societies in critical straits. Neoliberal capitalism, in order to maximize profits, turns all elements of nature into commodities and justifies it scientifically. The main goal of this article is to present a conceptual framework in ecological economics. In the strict scientific sense, ecological economy refers to an economic system that is in harmony with the basic principles of ecology as well as "systemic principles of life". In a broader sense, ecological economics refers to economic theory and practice that does not see the economy dominating the fields of nature, society and culture, but believes that the economy should be active within nature, society and culture. In terms of methodology, four basic principles for ecological economics are identified based on the theory of life systems and the philosophy of organism. These four principles are nested systems, self-generating networks, open systems and cognitive interactions. The basic question is how these principles can be used to design an ecological economic system that facilitates life at the individual, social and environmental levels. The current research connects the ecological economy to the systems theory, which can justify the necessity of the research. The findings show that ecological economics should give priority to activities that maximize the well-being of humans and non-humans, as well as whole ecosystems, and its main goal should be to serve life processes in social and ecological systems.

Considering the importance of knowledge management and its role in advancing organizations, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of green intellectual capital and green technological innovations on knowledge management. This research is of a descriptive type and in terms of its purpose, it is considered a part of applied research. The statistical population of this research includes the employees of South Khorasan Oil Company, the total size of the statistical population is 170 people. 118 people were selected by simple random sampling method using Morgan's table. The data collection tool is the knowledge management questionnaire of Patrick et al. (2009) and the intellectual capital questionnaire of Sabz Darvishi and Ziaei (2016) and the technological innovations of Sabz Darvishi and Ziaei (2016). In order to analyze data and test hypotheses, Pearson correlation method, multiple regression analysis and structural equation model were used. The results of the findings showed that among the dimensions of green intellectual capital, the effect of green relational capital and green structural capital on knowledge management is significant but the impact of green human capital and green technological innovations on knowledge management is not significant. So, green structural capital and green relational capital play an effective role in advancing the knowledge management of organizations' employees. The knowledge management coefficient is 496%, which means that 49.6% of knowledge management changes are influenced by relational capital and green structural capital. Also, the model fit index shows the appropriate fit of the research structural model.

Green tourism can create new opportunities and play an important role in keeping cultural and local traditions alive. Kohrang region is an important ecotourism regions that attracts many tourists every year due to its pristine natural areas. The first step in the direction of tourism development in this region is to examine the status of green tourism indicators and then providing appropriate solutions.The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on survey data. The statistical population of the research consists of the population living in the rural areas of Kuhrang city totaling 35183 people, which was determined as 379 people .The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using elites and reliability with Cronbach's coefficient equal to 0.78. The result to measure the level of green tourism indicators in Kuhrang region is significant at a level of less than 0.05. Among the 21 examined indicators, the security index with an average of 4.03 is of good condition and the indicators of preserving cultural and local traditions (3.59), improving technology and the Internet (3.47) and managing waste and garbage (3.43) ) had an average status in Kuhrang region. Other indicators of green tourism have had a weak situation. Also, the result showed that 6 strategies include management and formulation of laws, culture building and educational, advisory and credit services, establishment of tourist accommodation and villages, local participation in environmental protection, development and distribution of tourism services and environmental protection based on existing capacities for the development of green tourism in the region.

Electronic banking services, which are closely related to information and communication technology, are among the most important factors in creating a competitive advantage for banks and attracting customers and their satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of Internet banking services on loyalty, customer satisfaction, perceived value and trust in Shahr Bank branches in Mashhad. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of the present study is all customers of Shahr Bank branches in Mashhad. From this statistical population, 384 samples have been considered by available sampling method. Data collection tools were King Shot et al. (2018) and Lionello et al. (2020). Convergent, divergent and factor analysis were used to assess the face validity from the experts' point of view and to evaluate the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to measure reliability. The total Cronbach's alpha value was estimated to be 0.926, which is in the acceptable range. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS 3 software. The results showed that the quality of Internet banking affects customer satisfaction, perceived value and trust. On the other hand, the effect of internet banking quality, satisfaction, perceived value and customer trust on customer loyalty has been reported to be significant.

Worldwide supply of drinking water to cities is one of the major challenges of urban management Consequently, estimating residential water demand and identifying the factors affecting the water demand pattern is one of the most important issues in managing and planning urban water demand and thus controlling the water crisis. An effective solution is not only the supply of water, but also the adoption of policies and measures based on consumption patterns and adequate attention to the factors of water demand. This study investigates the parameters affecting the pattern of household water demand. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, so that the effective factors on water consumption pattern are identified and then the questionnaire is prepared. For this purpose, according to different studies and using experts and experts in this field, different criteria and indicators are considered that can influence the pattern of drinking water consumption. These include economic factors, training,, detaching drinkable and hygienic water, technical engineering and technology, legal and regulatory issues, and advertising and informing. Each of these metrics includes several strategies that examine how metrics are implemented. In the next step, based on the questionnaire, the average comments on each of the indicators are obtained and finally the indicators are prioritized using Analytic Hierarchy Process.

Today, sustainable development is the focus of many countries in the world. In the passage of time, this concept has been transformed from focusing only on the environmental dimension or looking at a project towards sustainable development, to a current that has different economic, social and environmental dimensions. Various approaches have been presented to achieve urban balance and sustainability, one of these approaches is the ecological city. With the discussion of sustainable development at the global level and its approaches, especially in the environmental field, new horizons have been opened for managers and urban planners. The ecological city approach is a comprehensive and integrated approach that presents all the goals and dimensions of urban development with the focus on environmental sustainability, economic development and social justice. The purpose of this article is to model the sustainable consumption of materials and energy in ecological cities. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose. The method of gathering information was in the form of documents and content analysis. emphasis is placed on the use of clean energy to Instead of fossil fuels, the reuse of municipal wastewater and waste recycling to reduce the ecological footprint, the use of organic waste as compost and rainwater for agriculture, the use of solar energy is emphasized, and the use of renewable energy sources. And making energy consumption efficient are the two main ways to achieve energy sustainability, reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and then increasing the supply of healthy energy.

The term “Green University” is usually known worldwide as activities that provide outlooks for sustainable development. Moreover, this title indicates a crucial responsibility that should be done by higher education in developed countries to teach about the environment. Green universities should take some accurate measures, including university's sewage management, solid waste control, and air pollutant reduction to control or eliminate environmental pollutants. Reduction of energy consumption and use of new renewable and biocompatible energies, such as wind, water, and biomass instead of fossil fuels are some significant solutions adopted in this case. In green universities, the nature of green or eco-friendly buildings must be used to follow environmental issues and allow students to get familiar with a healthy environment based on environmental protection principles in practice. Therefore, the extant study used some books and articles and searched through websites of formal authorities and green universities to introduce some criteria, indicators, activities, plans, views, and successes of green university's sustainable development pioneers. Hence, the extant study aims to examine the criteria and models of green management and investigate the measure taken by Birjand University of Medical Sciences up to 2021.

In the present paper the effect of factors such as the time of the year and the season, on the number of domestic and foreign tourists visiting the Sultaniyeh Dome in the Zanjan province located in the north east of Iran from 2004 to 2015 are fit in the form of regression equations The Sultaniyeh Dome that is located in the Zanjan province is the 3rd highest dome of the world with the height of 48.5 meters. The data used in this study is related to 30684 foreign and 1455619 domestic tourists collected by Zanjan Province's Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts Organization in Iran. The surveyed data in this study involves 30684 foreign tourist and 1455619 domestic tourists that were collected by the Zanjan Province's Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of tourism Organization. Fitting of the data to regression equations was carried out by using the SAS 2014 (Statistical Analysis System) on an IBM PC. Estimation of the annual and seasonal trend of the number of tourists was done by using the coefficient of determination of the number of tourists. The results of the study showed that the average trend of the number of foreign tourists is 269+63 and its growth has a coefficient of determination of 0.64 (p<0.05).‌

One of the main development issues in Iran in the last few decades is the increase in unemployment and migration of young people from rural areas. Therefore, security in the economic dimension is one of the most important aspects of national security and is considered one of the basic principles of countries to achieve development. One of the key criteria in the development of economic security is the expansion of food security, which is rooted in rural production, and its increase will lead to the stability of rural areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effective criteria on economic security, especially the food security criteria in the rural areas of Nowshahr. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of the research is the villagers of Nowshahr. A total of 22 indicators were obtained in the dimension of economic security and from the sub-group of criteria: food security, poverty alleviation, diversification, vulnerability reduction, compatibility with the environment, efficiency and productivity. The process of data analysis was done with SPSS software and the average test of a population. Also, GIS software was used to prepare the maps needed in the research. The results of the research showed that the suitable conditions of the rural areas, including the presence of natural resources, regular rainfall, and plant and animal reserves, are all factors that play a key role in the economic development of the rural areas of Nowshahr.

In order to achieve rural development, the formation and activation of cooperatives is one of the most important solutions that policy makers and rural development planners are concerned about. In this regard, social capital is the foundation and main pillar of the formation of cooperatives and plays a significant role in the formation and development of cooperatives. Therefore, the aim of this quantitative and applied research is to investigate the role of social capital on the formation and development of rural cooperatives, which was conducted as a case study in Fars province. The statistical population of the research is made up of the active cooperative members of Fars province, among whom the desired statistical sample is fulfilled. The main tool for collecting field data was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed by following the principles of field research methods. SPSS and Amos Graphics software were used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the status of social capital indicators is at a relatively acceptable level But The satisfaction status of the members with the indicators related to the performance of rural cooperatives is at a weak level. The results of the final and fitted model of structural equations regarding the investigation of the effect of social capital on the performance of rural cooperatives showed that the independent variable was able to explain about 16% of the variance of the dependent variable of the research with a total effect of 0.397.

Natural resources play an essential role in maintaining the balance of the environment, preserving biodiversity and national economic development, therefore, planning for the management, organization and optimal use of these vital resources is necessary. Natural resource areas, particularly forests and pastures, have undergone significant changes in recent decades as a result of climate challenges, decreased rainfall, frequent droughts, and weaknesses in the country's planning system. Among these changes, we can mention the destruction of forests and pastures. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the changes in the area of forests and pastures in the country during the period 2006–2020 in the Iranian space zone. This study is applied and descriptive-analytical research. The data used extracted from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Data analysis has been done using spatial statistics techniques in the Arc Map software environment. The research findings at the national level show a significant decrease in the area of pastures and a relative increase in the area of forests during the investigated time period. Among the provinces, 11 provinces had a decrease in the level of forests and 21 provinces had a decrease in the level of pastures. The findings of the spatial analysis indicate the formation of three hot clusters related to the high levels of forest areas in the west and south of Iran, as well as the formation of a hot cluster related to the high levels of pasture areas in the central and eastern regions of Iran.