نشریه روان پرستاری
سال دهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 53، آذر و دی 1401)

Mindfulness may be considered as a state of promoting self-awareness to improve cognitive fusion, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal thoughts. Therefore this study was done aimed to evaluate the effect of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in cognitive fusion, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder.

The research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all people with major depressive disorder who referred to the zhuan Clinic in Tehran in 2021. 30 patients with major depression were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly in two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control subjects (15 subjects) were included. During eight 90-minute sessions, the experimental group was subjected to mindfulness-based therapy group 2 days a week, but no intervention was performed on the control group. Both before and after the intervention, answered standard Guilford et al.'s cognitive fusion questionnaires (2010), Gratz and Romer (2004) emotion difficulty scale, and Beck's (1979) suicidal ideation scale.To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance was used using SPSS software version 23.

There was a significant difference between the average post-test scores of the intervention group and the control group. In this way, the cognitive therapy training based on mindfulness significantly led to a decrease in the mean post-test score of cognitive fusion variables, emotional dysregulation and suicidal thoughts compared to the pre-test scores in the intervention group (P<0.01).

According to the obtained results, the use of group therapies such as mindfulness has positive effects on reducing on cognitive fusion, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. Therefore, in different stages of treatment or after, it is possible to help reduce Cognitive and emotional variables by providing this type of training.

Earthquake trauma has a wide range of psychological consequences in the affected areas. In addition, the role of Peritraumatic dissociation - as one of the consequences of trauma and the shaping factor of psychological problems - is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to Modeling Structural Relationships between Trauma experience and Peritraumatic dissociation with the mediation of experiential avoidance.

The research method was correlation using structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the study included people with experience of earthquake trauma living in Kermanshah region (Sarpol Zahab and Salas Babajani cities), among whom 323 people were selected by taking into account the exclusion and inclusion criteria as convenience sampling. Research tools include: Traumatic Exposure Severity Scale (TESS), Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). For data analysis, the Structural equation method was used in SPSS (version 24) and LISREL.

The results showed that the tested model has a good fit. Also, the results of the correlation matrix showed that the relationship between the intensity of trauma experience with peritraumatic dissociation (0.17) and experiential avoidance (0.20) is significant at the 0.01 level, and the relationship between experiential avoidance and peritraumatic dissociation is 0.23, which is significant at the 0.01 level. In addition, the results of the direct and indirect effect of the variables in the model showed that the direct path of the intensity of trauma experience variable to the peritraumatic dissociation variable is not significant (t = 1.729, β = 0.17), the direct path of the experiential avoidance variable to the peritraumatic dissociation variable is significant (β=0.151, t=2.466) and the direct path of the trauma experience variable to the experiential avoidance variable is significant (t=3.063, β=0.315 β). Also, the indirect effect of the trauma experience variable on the peritraumatic dissociation variable through experiential avoidance is significant (b=0.096, p<0.05).

 Considering experiential avoidance as a mediator of the relationship between the severity of trauma experience (earthquake) and peritraumatic dissociation, can help to clarify and further explain the role of peritraumatic dissociation - as a mechanism that forms many psychological problems.

The Covid-19 pandemic and its effects on health and social life have made proper training necessary for protective and preventive behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of protective and preventive behavior training on students' self-protection motivation during the outbreak of Covid-19.

The method of the present study was a semi-experimental pre-test/post-test type with a control group. The research population included all students of the Azad University - Sari branch in 2022. The sample was selected based on the call of the psychological services and counseling center of the university. The initial sample was 70 people. Based on the entry criteria; in the students who scored one standard deviation from the mean in the protection motivation questionnaire (Khazaee-Pool, et al, 2021), 24 students were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 12 (experimental and control) based on demographic characteristics. The protection motivation questionnaire was completed by the participants of both groups before and after the training package. The control group received no intervention.

One-variable analysis of covariance indicated; that the educational package of protective and preventive behaviors can increase the motivation of self-protection in students(P<0.05). Therefore, the comparison of the averages showed; The mean variable of self-protection motivation in the experimental group's post-test was higher than that of the control group.

  Based on the obtained results, it seems; that in the conditions of a sudden outbreak of diseases, training protective and preventive behaviors based on the theory of protection motivation can be a solution.

Nurses are known as the first line of fighting the COVID-19 disease in the world. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, happiness and burnout of nurses working in the COVID-19 care wards.

In this cross-sectional study, with the random sampling method, the number of 347 nurses working in teaching hospitals of Hamadan city were selected and studied in 2022. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics checklist, Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaires, Oxford Happiness Inventory, and Goleman emotional intelligence. The correlation between the components of happiness and emotional intelligence was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Predictors of happiness were determined using a linear regression model. Data were analyzed using Stata software version 14.  The significance level was considered less than 0.05.

The majority of nurses were female (62.54%), with the mean age of 31.80±6.77 years. There was an inverse and significant correlation between the job burnout and happiness (r=0.002, p=-0.165), however there was a direct and significant correlation between emotional intelligence and happiness (r=0.183, P<001). The results showed that happiness was increased by 0.49 and 0.35 for each unit increase in social skill score and emotional exhaustion score, respectively (P<0.001). Finally, for each unit increase in individual failure score, the happiness score was 0.32 increased (P<0.001).

Considering the inverse relationship between job burnout and happiness and the direct relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness in nurses, it is possible to prevent the adverse effects of negative emotions felt at work and job burnout in nurses by holding emotional intelligence training workshops and also promoting happiness with happy programs.

 Psychological problems are the result of a person's interaction with the environment and include behaviors that cause social conflicts, dissatisfaction and individual unhappiness. The present study aimed to provide a structural model for psychological problems based on disconnection and rejection domain and negative automatic thoughts with mediating role of experimental avoidance.

 The present study was descriptive- correlation and based on the applied aim. The statistical population included all individuals with symptoms of psychological problems that referred to the Qom counseling clinics in 2021. 250 patients with psychological problems were selected by the convenient sampling method and, they answered the questionnaires of “Depression Anxiety Stress Scales”, “Young Schema Questionnaire”, “Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire”and “Acceptance and Action Questionnaire”. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and by Smart Pls software.

 The results of structural equation modeling showed that the model had a relatively fit; And it confirmed the direct effect of disconnection and rejection domain (0.11) and negative automatic thoughts (0.68) on psychological problems. Also, the results of the mediating role of experimental avoidance also showed that experimental avoidance has a significant mediating role (0.66) between disconnection and rejection and negative automatic thoughts with psychological problems (P <0.05).

 The results of this study showed that the disconnection and rejection domain and negative automatic thoughts directly, and experimental avoidance indirectly has been effective on the psychological problems of individuals. Therefore, it is suggested that mental health clinics pay attention to their characteristics disconnection and rejection domain, negative automatic thoughts, and experimental avoidance in reviewing people's psychological problems.

Studies have shown that depressed patients experience slow processing of information during the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on rumination, anxiety and neurological processes in depressed woman.

This research was an experimental design. The statistical population of the study was all depressed patients referred to psychiatric centers in Tabriz in 2021 and the sample of these patients were selected by convenience sampling. The Pennsylvania State Survey (1990), Nolen-Hoxima (1991) rumination questionnaire, Beck depression (1961), 64-channel electroencephalography, and Beck cognitive-behavioral protocol (1983) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy reduces anxiety, rumination and depression and decreases alpha in region F4 and increases alpha in region F3.

Based on these findings, psychologists and psychiatrists should be recommended to use cognitive-behavioral interventions as an effective intervention for depressed patients.

Marital infidelity is a source of intense distress for personal and interpersonal couples life and destroyer their relationships. The purpose of this study was to effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy and emotion- focused couple therapy on loneliness and marital intimacy among women affected by marital infidelity.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this study the statistical population of all women affected by marital infidelity of Shahriar city in year 1400. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 36 women affected by marital infidelity were selected and then randomly divided into three groups (each group has 12 people). The experimental groups underwent narrative exposure therapy, emotion- focused couple therapy, but the control group remained in the waiting list. To collect data loneliness scale-version 3 of Russell and marital intimacy scale of Walker and Thompson. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS-24.

The results of the study showed that of narrative exposure therapy and emotion-focused couple therapy in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on loneliness and marital intimacy (P<0.05). Also, narrative exposure therapy had stronger effects in improvement of loneliness and marital intimacy than emotion- focused couple therapy.

Based on the results this study revealed narrative exposure therapy and emotion- focused couple therapy, since the intervention is based on the expression and retelling of the details of the traumatic event in a safe therapeutic environment, can be suitable treatment programs to reduce loneliness and increase marital intimacy in among women affected by marital infidelity

In addition to the physical problems caused by the disease and the treatment process, cancer patients also face several psychological and emotional consequences that existential psychotherapy may be effective in this regard. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy on psychological capital and affective control in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy on psychological capital and affective control in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with the control group and its statistical population consisted of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Omid Hospital in Mashhad in 2021, of which 22 as a sample and by Convenience Sampling Method were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Existential psychotherapy program was then performed in nine 90-minute sessions for the experimental group, during which time the control group did not receive any intervention. The groups were tested before and after the intervention with the psychological capital questionnaire of Luthans et al (2007) and the affective control questionnaire of the Williams et al (1997). Data were analyzed using single and multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-26 software.

The results of ANCOVA showed that existential psychotherapy promoted psychological capital (F = 33.34, p< 0.001, η = 0.64) and affective control (F = 14.44, p< 0.001, η = 0.43). The results of MANCOVA showed that existential psychotherapy is significantly effective in improving the dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, optimism) (p<0.05) and the same improving effects for the dimensions of affective control (anger, depressed mood, anxiety, positive affect). It was confirmed (p<0.05).

The results indicated the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy on psychological capital and emotional control in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. As a result, the need to use existential therapies focused on issues related to cancer patients, especially with a focus on improving psychological capital and affective control in them, seems necessary and important.
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sexual interest/arousal disorder in women causes emotional and psychological damage and decreases marital quality and satisfaction and increases marital burnout. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the newly developed treatment of sexual desire / arousal disorder and cognitive-behavioral therapy on sexual and psychological distress in women with sexual desire / arousal disorder.

 The research method was semi experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included women with sexual desire / arousal disorder who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan 2020-2021, from which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). After selecting and assigning the subjects to the three groups of the study, all three groups were evaluated with the Female Sexual Distress Scale- Revised (FSDS-R) and short scale of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21). Then the experimental groups underwent of weekly intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention sessions, the members of all three groups were re-evaluated with research tools.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that both integrated psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy affect sexual and psychological distress and individuals in the experimental groups received lower scores in the post-test of sexual and psychological distress than those in the control group(P<0.05). The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the two interventions in terms of effectiveness on research dependent variables. In the variable of sexual distress, efficacy is more effective with the newly developed treatment of sexual desire / arousal disorder, but in relation to psychological distress, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective(P<0.05).

According to these results, it can be said that the integrated psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in modulating sexual and psychological distress in people with sexual arousal disorder and the psychotherapy protocol of sexual arousal disorder can be used as a suitable treatment option along with other psychotherapy models of this disorder.

The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of emotion- focoused couple therapy on the emotional schemas of young couples.

The research method was semi-experimental to pretest-posttest. The statistical population consisted of all young couples with adjustment problems who referred to psychological service and counseling centers in Tehran in the second half of 2019 (N=2025). Among them, 20 couples (40 people) were randomly selected based on inclusion criteria, and then replaced in two groups: emotion-focoused couple therapy, and the control group. The research instruments included emotional schemas scale (Leahy, 2002). The experimental group received the emotion- focoused couple therapy with Johnson's (2004) in 9 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group was waiting. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) by SPSS25 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups; And emotion-oriented couple-therapy interventions had a significant positive effect on the emotional schemas of young couples (p<0.05).  

Based on the results of the present research, emotion-oriented couple-therapy can be effective in improving the emotional schemas of young couples; And it is recommended that therapists and family counselors use this treatment in other therapeutic interventions to improve emotional schemas of couples.