فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 27 (پاییز 1401)

The nomadic lifestyle as the first social system of human society is accompanied by more difficulties than the rural and urban systems. Various strategies have been proposed by related planners and specialists in order to improve the quality of this way of life. One of the most important strategies is settlement of nomads. For this purpose, numerous nomadic centers (guidance and supportive) with different processes have been established for the settlement of volunteer nomads. According to the formation process of nomadic centers, the degree of acceptance and satisfaction of nomads from these centers is different. The purpose of the current research is to compare the formation process of nomadic centers and measure the acceptance and satisfaction of nomads in Kohrang area (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari). This research is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is documentary and field with a survey approach. The statistical population of the research includes settled nomadic households in the nomadic settlement centers of Kohrang district. The results show that the participation of the nomads in the implementation of the nomad settlement plan was more in the supportive centers than in the guidance centers. In terms of satisfaction, according to the results of one-sample T test, the level of satisfaction and acceptance of the nomads from the supportive centers (3.95) has been evaluated more than the guidance centers (3.26).

Detecting land use changes is essential for managers and planners because land use has changed widely. Being aware of these changes can help the policy-making process and solving existing problems. Therefore, preparing a land use map is one of the requirements of any development planning at the national and regional level. Such maps enable managers, planners and experts to design and implement the necessary measures in the field of solving problems and meeting present and future needs by identifying the current situation and comparing capabilities and potentials. Nowadays, due to the high cost of preparing land use maps with traditional and manual methods, remote sensing can help engineers with more accuracy and speed in preparing land use maps and evaluating changes in the region. The aim of the current research is to prepare land use maps of Zabarkhan district and monitoring land use changes in this area from 1996 to 2019 using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images related to TM and OLI sensors. According to the findings, the uses of agricultural lands, built lands and pastures have increased during this period, while barren lands and gardens have decreased. Built-up lands include urban, rural, tourism (wildlife park, ecotourism residence), industrial, workshop, facilities, communication (regional and local roads), military, mining and water storage resources for agriculture. The highest rate of increase is related to urban and rural uses with 461.43 hectares, equivalent to 54.01% of all uses.

Public spaces are one of the most important elements of the city, where various cultural, social, and economic activities take place. These spaces create a lively city due to the creation of social interactions. The present study aims to know the influence of physical factors on social interactions. The study area includes the neighborhoods located in the old texture of Kashan city. The research is descriptive-analytical and a field survey was used to do it. The statistical population includes 51,576 residents of Kashan old texture and 200 sample were selected using Sample Power with a confidence level of 95% and a possible error of 5%. At the same time, using previous studies, a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was designed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Classification and analysis of findings was done using SPSS software. Modeling has also been done using AMOS software. Based on the obtained results, there is no correlation between physical factors and social interactions in the Pearson correlation test, because in the old neighborhoods of Kashan, no attention has been paid to the collective and public spaces appropriate to the physical structure. The results obtained from the application of structural equations also indicate that social security and comfort variables have the highest factor loadings of 97% and 89%, respectively. This shows that with the increase of security, the comfort of residents also increases, that is, security affects comfort.

Cities are growing and developing at a high speed, and the urbanization process is one of the most important issues facing urban planners. Along with the high level of population growth, land use change and its conversion to urban uses is also an important issue. The present study is an attempt to explain the spatial patterns of Kermanshah city in the last 25 years. The research is applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and based on remote sensing data. First, the images of 1995-2005-2020 were obtained from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites in TM and OLI sensors. Then, using NVEI software and supervised classification method, the images were converted into land use maps in four classes: urban, agricultural, mountain and water. Then the maps were prepared using ARCGIS software to enter FRAGASTATS software and in the next step, they were entered to this software to analyze the landscape of the land. In the next step, these maps were analyzed using spatial metrics (PALAN-PD-NP-LSI-LPI-AWMFD-ENN-MN). In the last stage, by entering these metrics into the Shannon entropy model, a general overview of the spatial growth pattern of Kermanshah city in the last 25 years was obtained. The results of this research showed that the city of Kermanshah has experienced different growth patterns in the last 25 years. Patterns can be categorized into 3 periods. In the first period (year 1995), due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the inadequacy of urban planning patterns, the city experiences a period of scattered growth in isolated urban spots. In the second period (2005), due to the reduction of migrations and the development of the city within the limits of the existing spots, the city spends a period of compact pattern. But again, in the third period (2020), the city of Kermanshah has entered a period of dispersion pattern, which has approached the spatial pattern of a scattered city in all the metrics of the landscape.

The approach of spatial planning can be called "objective and spatial perception of territorial language". This approach, by using the territorial, organizational, political and trans-sectoral integration approach, tries to provide accuracy in combining and analyzing the components of the spatial organization. The purpose of this article is to analyze the alignment of regional development based on indicators with the components and principles of land use. The purpose of the present study is to analyze and explain the state of the townships of Kermanshah province from the point of view of regional development indicators. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical based on methodology. The data has been collected from library documents and research studies of Kermanshah province in the form of 32 selected indicators. To analyze the obtained information, the new multi-criteria decision-making technique of Cocoso, Shannon's entropy and Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical test were used in Excel, ArcGIS and SPSS software. The results of the research showed that the township of Kermanshah with the highest score of 17.89 Cocoso ranked first and townships of Islamabad Gharb and Harsin ranked second and third with scores of 17.87 and 17.34, respectively. On the other hand, Salas Babajani has the lowest score of 59.11. Other findings of the research indicate that the dominant development spaces in the townships of Kermanshah province are the developing and deprived levels.

Cities are facing many challenges due to excessive population growth and rapid expansion. To organize this indiscriminate growth, new planning models such as smart growth have been proposed. In recent years, the metropolis of Ahwaz has faced the adverse effects of unbridled growth, which necessitates serious attention to the smart growth model. The present research, by stating the necessity and importance of smart growth, has ranked the areas of Ahwaz metropolis in terms of suitability with smart growth criteria with a descriptive-analytical method. The study area includes the 8 districts of Ahwaz metropolis. The data related to 81 smart urban growth indicators for eight districts were analyzed in the form of 4 criteria: physical-land use, social-economic, access-transportation and environmental using the gray relational analysis model. According to the findings, district 4 is the most suitable and district 6 is the most unsuitable. Also, among the above-mentioned 4 criteria, the environmental criterion is in the most unfavorable condition in Ahwaz metropolis. Finally, based on the findings of the research, some solutions were suggested.

The sustainable development of rural tourism requires the recognition and proper use of potentials and proper planning. Tourist attractions are one of the main elements of tourism without which it is difficult to create a demand for a tourist destination. Neishabur township is one of the main tourist destinations of Razavi Khorasan province with various natural and human rural tourism attractions. After Mashhad township, Neishabur has a special position of tourism in Razavi Khorasan province. However, until now, its diverse and valuable natural and human attractions have not received enough attention. In the present research, it has been tried to identify the axes of rural tourism by measuring the capacity of attractions. Identifying tourism potentials can provide good opportunities for the development of villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the field information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed by 233 local experts. Data analysis and classification of villages was done using GIS and AHP model. For this purpose, 44 information layers including 15 natural attractions, 8 cultural attractions and 21 historical attractions were prepared and errors were corrected in the GIS environment. Appropriate weights were also determined with the help of Expert Choice. Then, by combining and overlapping the layers of information in the GIS environment, suitable areas were identified and the top priorities for the development of rural tourism were introduced separately for each type of attraction in Neishabur township. The results showed that the villages with high tourism potential are stretched in a strip from the northeast edge of the township to the northwest. The villages of Bozhan, Grineh, Yingjeh, Chekneh Olya, Klidar, Barzanun, Taqan, Eishabad, Ghar, Souqand, Hesar, and Deezbad Olya have more capabilities and need to be prioritized in tourism development programs. Also, 46.6% of the township area is in the very unsuitable class, 16.61% in the unsuitable class, 21.22% in the middle class, 14.81% in the suitable class and 0.74% in the very suitable class in terms of rural tourism attraction potential. If rural tourism is managed and planned in a suitable way with the dispersion and variety of attractions, it can lead to the process of sustainable development of rural and tourism.

Despite the international importance of cooperative tourism and the global effort to attract income through tourists, tourism is not booming in different regions of Iran, including the Kashan region, due to various reasons. The purpose of the present research is to study the physical-spatial strategy of urban tourism with a participatory approach in Kashan region. The research is applied in terms of subject and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. The techniques used are: SWOT strategic analysis model and quantitative planning matrix model. The independent research variable is tourism and the dependent research variable is physical and spatial development. This research seeks to answer the question, "What are the potentials and limitations of the physical-spatial strategy of tourism with a participatory approach in Kashan region?". The results obtained from tourists, citizens, university professors, administrators, and experts show that, according to the public, the most important weaknesses of the research are the lack of a written program in the field of public participation, low participation spirit and weak government supervision, and the most important strength of the research is the existence of suitable tourism infrastructures (in relation to other cities in the country, not in relation to the global scale). Also, according to the respondents, the lack of clarity about the role of people's participation in the country's tourism plans and, of course, the plans of the Kashan region, and the lack of economic stability, are the most important perceived threats to tourism. The set of these factors is shown in the form of a matrix. This matrix shows the priority of each of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. In the matrix, the internal strategic factors got a final score of 1.82, which is not only smaller than 2.5 but also smaller than 2. As a result, despite the existence of tourist attractions in Kashan region, due to many problems, people's participation for the physical-spatial development of tourism is not satisfactory.