نشریه انرژی ایران
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 92، پاییز 1400)

Evaluation of energy and environmental pollutants A production process is important in terms of providing solutions to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The importance of environmental protection and the potential impacts associated with manufactured and consumed products have increased interest in identifying these effects. In addition, one of the most important challenges in the industrial sector is the amount of energy consumed. The present study has investigated the production of carbonated beverages in Gorgan Zamzam Company in two parts: glass bottles and PET bottles with different approaches in terms of energy flow and environmental impact. The results of this study showed that the total input energy in the production of carbonated glass beverage is 31610.89 MJ and in PET carbonated beverage is 11081.90 MJ. Carbonated soft drinks produce more environmental loads than PET carbonated drinks. This indicates that the use of PET bottles for the production of carbonated beverages is more appropriate in terms of environmental pollutants than glass bottles. Also, the highest ratio of energy and energy efficiency was related to corn production when the tillage system with residues was used as tillage system without residues, so that the value of these indicators for this system was reported to be 26 and 0.075.

Reducing fossil fuels and air pollution is one of the biggest problems in today's society, which has led to policy attention towards the use of one of the cleanest and cheapest renewable energy, wind energy. In this study, the evaluation of wind energy potential in Yazd province has been investigated. Assessment of average annual wind speed in Yazd province based on daily wind speed data in Synoptic stations of Yazd, Bafgh, Marvast, Herat, Gariz, Aghda, Bahabad, Mehriz, Meybod, Abarkooh and almond orchard during 2000 to 2017 Is. Also, to draw the flowers of the mentioned stations from the direction and wind data, three synoptic hours of the mentioned stations have been done by wrplot software and calculations have been done by Weibull probability distribution, and then the annual power density at heights of 10 and 50 meters. It is obtained that one-seventh of the power is used to estimate the wind speed at altitudes above 10 meters. Based on the calculations performed at an altitude of 50 meters, the wind energy potential in Yazd province was 37.42, 46, 57.75, 70.48, 77.02, 82.26, 85, 86.27, 89.03, 93.76 and 202 watt per square meter is obtained per unit area. The results show that Herat, Abarkooh, Meybod, Aqda, Gariz and Marvast stations have good potential compared to other parts of the province to use wind energy, respectively. Also, all calculations were performed using EES and Excel software.

Solar energy can be used directly and indirectly in supplying electricity, heating and cooling of buildings. So, by removing the compressor, a solar collector is used to supply the heating load in a refrigeration cycles. Therefore, in the present article, the energy balance of a solar system is investigated to provide the heating and cooling load required in the air conditioning of a residential building and an office unit. For this purpose, heating and cooling load required for buildings is calculated using carrier HAP software. Then, a double effect solar absorption system is designed analytically using MATLAB and EES environments. Finally, economic analysis of this system is discussed. According to the obtained results, using of the designed double effect absorption system can not only provide the required heating and cooling load of the building, but also efficiency of this system is 25% higher than a single effect system. Also, this system will also be more cost-effective than a split air conditioner in the long run (About 10 years).

With the increase of population and the level of welfare of the society, the amount of food resources (plant and animal) has increased, and thus, their wastes increase; therefore, the production of renewable fuels like biogas has increased. Biogas production and its quality are influenced by different slurry characteristics and biogas compounds, and their management is done using a computer with the help of complex algorithms, which are costly and require specialized training. For this purpose, a BioOptim application under the Android platform using Java programming language and 64-bit IDE was implemented with a high accuracy. For this purpose, some slurry characteristics and biogas compounds produced with co-digestion of different mixtures of citrous wastes and cow manure (0‒100%) pretreated with different amounts of NaOH and H2O2 (0‒3%) were studied. The measured parameters were modeled using multivariable regression models and used to imply in the BioOptim application. The evaluation results of the application showed that NRMSE of the parameters of C, N, C/N, Ca, TS, VS, K2O, P2O5, pH, CH4, CO2, and CO was lower than 0.45. For these parameters, the statistical quantities of ENS, d, R2, and IR2 were higher than 0.85, 0.95, 0.34, and 0.87, respectively. As found, the BioOptim application was only weak in determining parameter of H2S and BOD.

Double skin facades (DSFs) should be used based on climatic conditions. The purpose of this article was to investigate the feasibility of using DSFs in office buildings in hot and dry climate of Iran, in order to achieve the optimal model of DSF to reduce the temperature and heat flux through the inner glass of the facade. Therefore, the thermal performance of DSFs in different situations with independent variables was compared with the thermal performance of single skin facades (SSFs) and energy consumption. In this paper, the simulation and modeling method with Ansys Fluent software version 2019-R2 to evaluate the thermal performance of the DSF by examining the results of temperature and thermal energy passing through transparent surfaces and Energy Plus software version 9.6.0 to investigate energy consumption in buildings in different scenarios used. Valid laboratory measurements were used to validate the simulation methods. For 36 scenarios, the use of a DSFs reduces the temperature and heat flux passing through the inner glass surface of the facade into the building by 12.9% to 15.5% and 69.7% to 74.1% and reduces energy consumption in the characteristic room related to the building facade by 6.6 % To 16.3% compared to the SSFs.