مجله سازمان نظام پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال چهلم شماره 1 (پیاپی 157، بهار 1401)

Today, women, especially women workers, must also be successful in fulfilling job expectations and expectations, both in meeting family expectations and in managing family affairs. Therefore, they see their working women exposed to job expectations, their family and their natural needs. In Iran, the process of reducing fertility levels has accelerated toward the West, and because of economic turmoil, women’s unemployment is high, which has led women and men to postpone the age of marriage in anticipation of finding a job and, as a result, fertility and Reduce the number of children you want. Appropriate policies on fertility and population growth require that women’s role, especially their employment, be well identified. The expectations and pressures of playing multiple roles together cause women to be more disadvantaged in terms of health than women who only play traditional roles. Occupational features are associated with fertility. By providing a family-friendly working environment, the field of fertility can be enhanced. It is very helpful in helping them with organizational support and family support and spousal support as well as accurate planning based on work and life priorities.

Today, video games have more usage than just having fun. In the health industry, the use of these games can help or even replace traditional treatments. Given the prevalence of diabetes as a chronic disease globally, the purpose of this study was to find whether the use of digital games as an educational and assistive tool for diabetics can be somewhat effective in controlling this disease?

In order to conduct this study, several databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using ‘diabetes, games, digital games, serious games, and video games’ as keywords. Finally, the results were evaluated based on the set criteria.

In the first step, a total of 376 articles were identified. Among the 25 articles that included inclusion criteria (such as diabetes and digital games), they compiled a sample of 33 digital games, and among them (17 out of 33), 51.51% were for children. In addition, most of the games (16 out of 33), 48.48% were for type-1 diabetes, and 32 out of 33 games (96.96%) were based on mobile phones.

Digital games can be used as a tool for the education and self-care of diabetic patients. According to the study results, these games can be effective in the management of diabetes, diet, self-care, physical activity, and blood glucose control

  Helicobacter pylori is a spiral gram-negative bacterium that causes infection in the human stomach and has the ability to survive and grow in acidic stomach conditions. ELISA technique for diagnosis and qualitative determination of IgG and IgM antibodies to pylori in human serum has been considered as an aid in the diagnosis of H pylori infection in individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate IgG and IgM antibody titers in pregnant women living in Salmas.

The present study was performed on 380 pregnant women referred to the laboratory with clinical signs of severe nausea and vomiting. After sampling and ELISA test, IgG and IgM antibodies against pylori were examined. Completing the pre-test questionnaire, statistical data were analyzed by Chi-Squared-Pearson test and SPSS software version 24.

In this study, 140 were positive for serological tests, which showed a significant relationship with age, previous history of infection and family history. The highest incidence was observed in the age group of 31-35 years among 28 patients (20.44%) with the highest IgM titer in the age group of 26-30 years (21.43%).

It is recommended to perform anti pylori tests before pregnancy. A history of infection and underlying family diseases play a significant role in recurrence of pylori infection.

This study aimed to design a suitable questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical interns about doping regulation, prohibited medications in sports, and their complications and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

This descriptive study was performed on 60 randomly selected Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences medical interns who completed the prepared questionnaire. The content validity method was used to confirm the questionnaire’s validity. The points of view of five sports medicine consultants who were faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were applied to develop the questionnaire. Finally, the questionnaire with 16 questions was designed. To determine its reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest calculations, based on the existence of internal agreement and compatibility or internal validity between the items in the questionnaire, the researcher asked the same participants to complete the questionnaire again two weeks later.

For this questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79 was calculated in the interns’ total score of knowledge and attitude about doping, and the correlation coefficient of the answers between the two tests was higher than 0.9.

For this questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79 was calculated in the interns’ total score of knowledge and attitude about doping, and the correlation coefficient of the answers between the two tests was higher than 0.9.

Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are mainly observed in exons 18 to 21. Evaluation of mutations in the response to treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is more important than tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the frequency of EGFR gene mutations varies in NSCLC patients in different geographical regions of the world.

  In this study, exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene were studied in 160 patients with NSCLC. For this purpose, DNA was extracted from paraffin block, PCR and then sequencing was performed and the results were analyzed.

The prevalence ratio of NSCLC in male to female patients was about 2 to 1 and there was no significant difference in age between male and female patients (P = 0.065), while a significant difference was found in the smoking variable (77.8 men and 17.3% women). The frequency of mutations for exons 19 and 21 of EGFR gene was 10.63% and no mutations were found for exons 18 and 20. On the other hand, women were more sensitive to EGFR mutations than men (17.3% versus 7.4%), however this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.097). In this study, 3 mutations including (c.2235_2249del) and (c.2240_2257del) in exon 19 and (c.2573T> G) p. L858R in exon 21 were observed with frequencies of 58.8, 23.5 and 11.8%, respectively. Also, an alternative mutation including (c.2253 A> G) was found as a new mutation for the first time, which was the rarest mutation with a frequency of 5.8%. Interestingly, a negative relationship was observed between the mutation rate in EGFR gene and smoking of infected people that according to other studies in different countries, diversity in ethnicity can be assumed as the cause of these findings.

The results of this study showed that probably due to differences in ethnicity, smoking rate and gender of patients the occurrence of EGFR gene mutation varies greatly between different regions of Iran.

Cerebral ischemia is one of the major causes of death in the world. The hippocampal formation is one of the first areas of the brain to be damaged by stroke and ischemia. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) has neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system, so this study investigates the neurotrophic effect of the components of SZS called jujuboside A on hippocampus of male Wistar rat following transient global ischemia-reperfusion.

The present study was performed on 24 male Wistar rats and the animals were divided into 4 groups (n=6) including control, ischemia, vehicle and experimental groups (jujuboside A). At the end of the experiment, after tissue preparation and staining with Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin methods, the samples were studied by light microscope. Pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were counted by image tools 2 software and their mean was calculated.

The results of one-way ANOVA  and Tukey statistical test showed that there were no significant differences between the number of neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus of the control and experimental (jujuboside A) groups .

It seems that administration of SZS causes neurotropic effect on pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus following cerebral ischemia.

Concerns about body image are associated with negative mental health factors. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors related to its reduction. The aim of this study was to predict body image anxiety based on self-compassion mediated by cognitive flexibility.

The method of the present study is descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The study population included all high school students who were studying in District 3 of Kermanshah in the academic year 2021-22, which was equal to 5231 people.From among them, a sample of 322 people was selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method who answered the questionnaires of Body Image concern of Littleton et al (2005), Neff Self-compassion (2003) and Dennis and Wonder Wall Cognitive Flexibility (2010).

The results of path analysis using bootstrap test showed that self-compassion with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility (β = -0.12) is indirectly related to body image concern, which is statistically meaningful (p≤ 0.01). Also, among direct relationships, cognitive flexibility (β = -0.39) and (β = -0.42) are indirectly and significant related to body image concern, and cognitive flexibility is directly related to self-compassion (β= 0.21) All these relationships are statistically significant with 99% confidence with the value (p≤ 0.01).

The results showed that self-compassion, through cognitive flexibility, predicts concern about body image. Therefore, to reduce body image anxiety in adolescents, it is recommended to pay attention to ways to improve self-compassion and cognitive flexibility.

Improving the quality of mother and child care is still the first priority of the countries of the world. The International Conference on Population Development and the International Conference on Women have drawn global attention to the importance of men’s role in mother and child health. They believe that men should be considered half of the mother and child health equation and have a significant impact on the health of women and children. The purpose of this research is to study the participation of men in the mother and child care program in selected developed countries and Iran.The selected countries include ten developed countries in the field of maternal and child health from the continents of Asia, Europe and Australia, and the data collection tool includes a flash card and comparative table. The components of the research, after the initial review and reference to previous researches, included fathers’ leave, husband’s presence in prenatal classes and during childbirth.

This is an applied cross-sectional descriptive study which was done in 2018. The selected countries included ten developed countries in the field of maternal and child health from the continents of Asia, Europe and Australia, and the data collection tool included a flash card and comparative table. The components of the research, after the initial review and reference to previous researches, included fathers’ leave, husband’s presence in prenatal classes and during childbirth.

Men’s participation in the health program of developed countries is predicted in different ways and implemented by paying salaries. The duration of these holidays is different in the countries and sometimes it lasts until the child is twelve years old. Special structural arrangements have been made for the presence of the husband in the delivery room and prenatal classes in all public and private centers.

All three components under investigation have been clearly predicted and implemented in the selected developed countries. Since the importance of men’s participation in studies has been proven and recommended by the World Health Organization, the provision of its implementation infrastructure in Iran by the government can play a significant role in improving the health of mothers and children.