نشریه مدیریت و توسعه ورزش
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1401)

Today, equitable access to land and its optimal use and location organization are essential components of sustainable development and space planning. In this regard, the purpose of this study is development of the construction and operation of sport projects in terms of land use planning using geographic information system.

The present study was a descriptive, survey and took place in the Alborz province. As a first step, the library and fuzzy Delphi methods were used to determine the most important criteria affecting the selection of sports places. In the fuzzy Delphi section, the questionnaires were distributed to 14 experts in three Delphi stages and the results led to the selection and weighting of criteria affecting the spatial land use of sports places. The second step is to determine the development situation and the needs and shortcomings of the existing sports facilities and to select the optimal areas for the construction of new sports facilities, descriptive and spatial information was collected and converted into GIS software input using Excel and AutoCAD software.

In the first step, the results showed that among the extracted criteria, 10 criteria were selected which were effective on sport sites locating in Alborz province and were used respectively of weight and importance. In the second step, according to the findings, most of the available sport places in Alborz province were in medium and above average spatial condition, in addition, considering the research criteria, the areas that were in very good condition were proposed for new sports projects construction.

Overall, the results suggest suitable areas for construction of sport facilities in terms of land use on the basis of the criteria laid down in the present study. According to spatial-spatial planning, most of the sports venues in the province are in average and above-average positions, so spatial optimization can be used to further improve the current situation.

The application analysis is a new thematic language theory. The present study was conducted in the linguistic hospitalization and relying on the theory of "speech act", investigating the role of various types of speech acts in speech interactions in sports tissue between coaches and football players in Iran. For this purpose, the frequency of the said work has been investigated among Iranian football coaches and their players. To this end, the researcher collected 40 interviews of four Iranian football coaches (C1, C2, C3 and C4) and 20 Iranian football players. Searle’s (1976) speech acts model was used to analyze the data. Five classes of Searle’s speech act model are: Commissives, Directives, Expressives, Declarative, and assertive. To ensure a higher level of quality and reliability, the same number of utterances chosen from both losing games and winning games. Then, after selecting and counting all speech acts in their speech, the results obtained by statistical analysis showed that assertive, expressive and directive were respectively the most frequently used speech acts and commissive and declarative were the least used speech acts in the case of both coaches and football players. On the other hand, losing matches and winning matches yielded different results. Finally, the findings generally indicate that how close relations between coaches and players would be practically possible by using some speech acts given and taken between them in different contexts and situations.

The purpose of this study was to design a model of factors affecting on 35 years of Success and authority of the Iranian men's national sitting volleyball team in international events. This research was qualitative and the grounded theory method was used with a systematic approach. The required data were obtained from library studies and interviews with sitting volleyball experts and dignitaries. The statistical population of the study included the directors of the National Paralympic Committee and the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation, coaches and players of the current national volleyball team. The sampling method was purposive and the data were obtained by conducting 15 in-depth semi-structured individual interviews to reach the theoretical saturation stage. Data collected from interviews were analyzed in three levels of open, axial and selective coding. Ten important factors in data analysis; (1) a large community of sitting volleyball players, (2) experienced and efficient coaching staff, (3) the talent identification process, (4) preparatory and official competitions of national and club, (5) support of national team with reserve players, (6) the culture of Iranians sitting on the ground, (7) management and planning of the National Paralympic Committee and the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation, (8) Governance, Governments and officials support, (9) facilities and equipment, and (10) having global seats as important factors and affecting on 35 years of success and authority of the Iranian men's national sitting volleyball team in world events were explained. Paying attention to the positive factors explained stabilizes the current situation, and paying attention to the shortcomings and shortcomings can help to further promote Iranian men's sitting volleyball in international arenas. The designed model can also be a model and guide for other sports for the disabled and even non-disabled to achieve success and progress.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sport of volleyball in the community and to examine the willingness to pay for success in the Olympic Games with a contingent valuation method. The research method is descriptive correlation and is in the category of applied research. The statistical population of the study includes all people in the western and northwestern provinces of the country in unlimited numbers. The sampling method is cluster and stratified and the required information is collected in the form of snowballs. Among the western and northwestern provinces of the country, urban centers of three provinces of Kermanshah, Hamedan, Tabriz and a total of 942 people were selected as a research sample. To collect information, Vicker et al.'s (2016) willingness to pay questionnaire, which has 15 questions and measures 12 intangible components of exercise, has been used. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistical methods such as logistic regression and diagnostic logistic regression have been used to predict the variables. Findings showed that 0.40% of the statistical sample of the study tended to spend an average of 68.489 And in the middle 59/000 thousand tomans (Iranian currency) of their share in the general budget for the success of the national volleyball team in the Olympic Games. The variables of encouragement, satisfaction, interest, honor, performance, happiness, fame, community, motivation, speech, justice and name have the most and the strongest significant relationship with predicting the willingness to pay. People with a master's or doctoral degree, lower age groups, and middle- and upper-income groups were more likely to pay With the full support of the national volleyball team, the relevant officials can help improve the performance of the national volleyball team in international competitions in order to bring pride to the people of the country and increase their willingness to pay.

Abstract Sport system in different regions of the world is managed differently. This feature has led to the formation of various functions of sports in political situations. The purpose of this study was to explore the sports challenges in the political system of the Kurdistan Region. The researcher used semi-structured interview protocols and action research strategy to collect data from 35 experts in the field of sports policy. Thematic analysis is used to analyze the data. The results show there are nine categories of decision-making authorities, classification system, ultra-sport organization, sports actors, financial support, national and regional competitions, scientific management and research, talent system and media, which includes 3 main themes: the indeterminate of the sport structure, advancing of sports in personalized way and instrumental use of sport system by political parties were determination of sport in the political system of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Based on the results of the research, it can be argued that the challenges of sports in the political system of Kurdistan region are very complex and extensive. Accordingly, the proposed research framework can be helpful for decision makers to have a systematic and thorough understanding of these challenges.Keywords: sport system, political problems, sport policy, Iraqi Kurdistan region

The purpose of this paper is to provide a model of policy making impact on the development of sports tourism with the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation. This research is practical and it is descriptive-analytical and it has been done by survey method. The statistical population of this study was managers and sports experts, entrepreneurs and tourism agents in the Northwest of the country. The statistical sample size was estimated at 220 people. The sampling method was a probability sampling of the Multi-stage cluster type. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS software. The outcomes reveal that policy-making has a positive and significant effect on the development of sports tourism, entrepreneurial orientation, and market orientation. The Entrepreneurial tendencies have a positive and significant effect on the development of sports tourism. Also the model parameters, all are desirable and indicates the approval of the research model.  Policy making, planning and tourism development requires identifying the motivations and demands of tourists through marketing. Entrepreneurial orientation in sports tourism authorities in order to remove obstacles to tourism and comprehensive planning can provide a variety of recreational and tourist environments for the region and the country.

The aim of this study was the exploration of influencing factors on performance management implementation in sport organizations (Physical Education and Sports Activities Office and Students Sports Federation).

This research carried out qualitatively using content analysis approach. Statistical population included scientific\executive as well as information society elites in performance managements realm. Statistical sample was sampled and interviewed adequately as well as purposefully based on theoretical saturation (14 subjects(. Research instruments included a systematic library review and semi-structured exploratory interviews. Content and face validity of framework interview form from experts’ perspectives as well as programmer intra-rater reliability (86%) have been confirmed. For data analysis, three stage open, axial and selective coding and also, conceptual framing have been utilized.

The outcomes consisting of 50 factors in open coding which divided into 10 dimensions and four factors including organizational engineering, knowledge and psychological capital, contextual and performance management.

An accurate and targeted implementation/execution of systems which are related to proposed patterns, in various organizational levels, require more attention and efforts from managers in this area. In addition, more thorough study in order to adapt to organizational situation is warranted.

The aim of the research was explaining of productivity of private clubs in Lorestan province based on service differentiation. The research method was Grounded theory with Glaser approach. Statistical population was experts (professors of sport management). The purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion in this method ended the number of interviews: the sampling method in targeted sampling technique was snowball / network. 58 concepts were extracted during open coding. Of these codes, the value chain, network chain, and rapid transformation each had the highest number of referrals, with 16 categories at the central stage: 16 categories, exclusive access, dominant interfaces, proprietary standards, redefining customer experience with the club, integration Customer, horizontal alignment, low cost, differentiation, business mission, business executives, industry structure, competitive position, effectiveness, targeting, innovation, and executives business processes strategies extracted; Compliance Letters, Comprehensive Customer Solution, Best Product, Hand Executive procedures and adaptation processes were extracted. In order to benefit the private sports clubs, attention to issues such as best product delivery, comprehensive customer solution, system adherence, implementation guidelines and adaptation processes is of high executive importance which should be considered particularly in order to improvement the productivity of these clubs

The purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural model for managing the diversity of general physical education departments of Payam-e-Noor universities in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and sequential (quantitative qualitative) in terms of method. The statistical population of this research in the first part includes existing and available researches in valid scientific databases in the field of diversity management and in the second part is the professors, managers and employees of Payam-e-Noor physical education departments. Sampling was done by purposive method. Identification of factors by meta-combination method and determination of relationships between them has been done by interpretive structural modeling. The results showed that diversity management can be classified into four levels and in this regard, social factors(legislation, social, economic and cultural status) are in the first level, organizational factors (organizational management policies and procedures) are in the second level, Group factors (working group arrangement, integration of differences, fair treatment, entry into decision-making) are in the third level and individual factors (individual characteristics, identity concern, acceptance of performance standards, self-efficacy, employee heterogeneity, working group identity, internal and external work motivation, Innovation, effectiveness and welfare) are in the fourth level. Employee diversity at different social, organizational, group and individual levels should be considered by policy makers and human resource managers and more focus on the potential effects of effective diversity management.

The purpose of current research was to identify the opportunities, challenges and solutions to develop the entrepreneurship and employment in grassroots sport. It was a descriptive survey. . The research population included all the experts in the field of grassroots sport employment and entrepreneurship and the research sampling was judgment method based on the defined criteria. The research instrument was unstructured questionnaire. The content validity and reliability were confirmed by the experts’ opinion (n=10) and Cronbach’s alpha respectively. To analyze data, the statistical methods of Freedman, Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon were used by SPSS software. The findings showed that eight factors (emotional aspect, financial The results were divided into four parts: entrepreneurship, employment, challenges and solutions. We found that there was the significant difference between the current situation and potential capacity in the different areas of entrepreneurship and employment. Also, there was the significant different between both challenges and solutions’ priorities. Furthermore, the executive experts’ opinions differed significantly from the educational experts. Overall, according to the results, the grassroots sport has a high various capacity of employment and entrepreneurship. Considering the opinions and priorities defined in this research, it is essential to enrich this market through suitable solutions for each dimension of business and occupation. Obviously, it is vital to conduct development strategies using the assessment of employment and entrepreneurship opportunities as well as the maximum removal of challenges.

The purpose of this study was to design a model of gender equality in Iranian sports (with emphasis on championship and professional sports).  The present research method was qualitative with grounded theory approach (data theory). Data collection was done by reviewing the theoretical foundations and research backgrounds and semi-structured interviews with 11 knowledgeable experts. The statistical population included faculty members of sports science and sociology, female athletes and coaches active at the championship and professional levels, directors of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the National Olympic Committee, sports federations, and provincial and city sports delegations. Sampling was performed theoretically and after 11 interviews, the resulting theoretical saturation and model framework were formed. The validity of this study was reviewed and confirmed by the researcher and the interviewees. In order to measure the quality of the coding, the agreement method between the two coders based on Cohen's kappa coefficient (0.79) was used. Data analysis was performed using three steps of open, axial and selective coding.  In the causal conditions section, 3 central categories (justice and equality, egalitarian movements, fundamental intellectual developments), background conditions, 4 central categories (regulatory approaches, cognitive approaches, normative approaches, value approaches), interventionist conditions, 6 categories Axis (injustice and discrimination, religious stagnation, sexism, flawed governance structures, historical and traditional stances, marginalization), strategies 4 central categories (structural strategies, organizational strategies, support strategies, executive strategies), and in the consequences section 3 The central category (individual consequences, organizational consequences, socio-cultural consequences) was extracted.  Gender perspective should be removed from sports with respect to central justice and the belief in the ability of women in sports should be institutionalized. In this regard, governance, politics, laws and regulations, religion, management and education systems and the media can be the basis for this. Also, benefiting from the influence of political and religious institutions, supporting international institutions, increasing financial resources and civil struggles are all among the appropriate strategies for achieving gender equality in sports.