Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops
Volume:2 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

In order to evaluate the value of cultivation and use (VCU) of three new upland cotton genotypes, KC8801, KC8802 (introduced as Kashmar and Khorshid new commercial cultivars respectively), and genotype R7 in comparisons to three commercial common cultivars Golestan, Khordad and Varamin (as control cultivars) in Khorasan Razavi province, a two-year field experiment conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Seed cotton yield and its components, earliness index and some related morphological and fiber quality traits were measured during the 2012-2013 year. The results showed that the weight of the bolls was higher in the second year, and the seed cotton yield was higher in the second year and the earliness index was higher in the first year. Also, genotype R7 and the new KC8802 genotype had the highest and the lowest fruiting branches number respectively. Both the Khordad control cultivar and KC8802 new genotype had the highest number of bolls (17 bolls), and the KC8801 new genotype had the highest crown diameter and plant height (120 cm) during two cropping seasons. Also, in both years, Khordad and Golestan control cultivars had the highest, and KC8802 and KC8801 new genotypes had the lowest number of vegetative branches (1.325 and 1.250 in the first year and 1.355 and 1.255 in the second year respectively). The KC8801 new genotype had higher gin turn-out and fiber strength. Therefore, based on the results, higher plant height and less vegetative branches number and a closed canopy structure, KC8802 and KC8801 new genotypes which lead to means that they can be cultivated with a higher plant density cultivation capability in ultra-narrow row cultivation, their higher field performance expected and are suitable for cultivation in Razavi Khorasan province and similar areas.

Both Foliar nutrients and phytohormones application have crucial roles in enhancing the yield of plants and meeting the increasing demand for food. To evaluate the effects of a foliar fertilizer and growth regulators on quality and quantity yields of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a complete block randomized experiment was conducted on the experimental farm in Farooj in 2020-2021. This study consisted of seven treatments: 1-Control, 2- Gibberellin (200 ppm), 3-Auxin (200 ppm), 4- foliar spraying of Fruit Set (specific fertilizer containing 8.75% N as NO3−, 4.37% Zn, and 10% B, 6%K, and 6% sea weed extract at a rate of 0.5 L/ha + gibberellin (200ppm), 5-Fruit Set foliar fertilizer (0.5 L/ha), 6- N-phenyl-phthalamic acid (200 mg/L as irrigation), and 7-N-phenyl-phthalamic acid (spraying with 200 mg/L). It was found that the Fruit Set treatment resulted in the highest flower height (10.33 cm) and the auxin treatment resulted in 46 % increase in leaf height over the control treatment. In the Fruit Set + gibberellin treatment, the highest flower weight (2790g) was achieved, and the highest number of mother corms (15 pieces) was obtained in the auxin and gibberellin treatment. It also was observed that the mother corm weight (44 grams) and diameter (14 cm) were highest in gibberellin treatment (47%), and auxin treatment produced the largest number of daughter corms (32 pieces). Fruit Set + gibberellin, Fruit Set, auxin, and gibberellin significantly increased flower weight by 93%, 67%, 78%, and 77%. The Fruit Set treatment was found to be most effective in terms of crocin levels. Overall, the results of this research showed positive effects of gibberellin on quantitative yield and auxin on the number of daughter corms. In addition, the application of the Fruit Set improved the flowering and quality characteristics of saffron.

Rainfed cultivation of drought-tolerant medicinal plants is a way to decrease of using water in agricultural systems. Satureja mutica (white savory) needs little water requirement and it is tolerant to drought. To investigate the change in essential oil (EO) quality and quantity, plant yield and yield components of white savory under different planting densities in rainfed cultivation, an experiment was conducted by completely randomized factorial design with three replications during 2017- 2018 and 2018- 2019 crop years. The row spacing treatments were 25×50 cm, 50×50 cm and 75× 50 cm. Results showed that the highest percentage of plant survival (63.37%) was observed in the lowest density (75×50 cm). The highest plant height (35.40 cm) was observed in the second year× low density. The highest average crown diameter (34.35 cm), the highest fresh weight of the plant (49.01 g), and the maximum plant dry weight (23.54 g) were obtained in the treatments of medium density planting× second year. The highest wet yield (2940.46 kgha-1), dry yield (1319.00 kgha-1) and EO yield (26.62 kgha-1) were obtained in the treatment of high planting density× year2. The highest EO percentage (2.04%) was found in the treatment of low planting density (75×50 cm). the highest percentage of thymol (57.7%) was obtained in 50 × 50 cm row spacing and the highest percentage of carvacrol (7.59%) was obtained from 75 × 50 cm row spacing. In rainfed conditions, the suitable distance between the cultivation lines is 25 × 50 cm.

Given the importance of the soybean plant in supplying the country's oil, Gelareh Kalhor Agriculture Company, in cooperation with the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, imported 4 cultivars of soybeans resistant to heat stress from Brazil and evaluated them in various tests. The present plan has compared the yield and some yield components of imported cultivars with 4 internal cultivars. This experiment was laid out in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications on a farm on the outskirts of Safi Abad Dezful Research Center in the summer and fall of 2022. For this purpose, imported cultivars including BRS284, BRS232, BRS391 and BRS511 were compared with internal cultivars of Caspian, Rahmat, Saland and SK93. The results showed the superiority of imported cultivars compared to internal cultivars in most traits. Group comparisons between imported and internal cultivars showed that in the traits of the average number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight and yield, imported cultivars were higher than internal cultivars by 20.5, 29 and 35% respectively. The first pod setting height which indicates the harvest efficiency with the combined machine in all imported cultivars was higher than 20 cm. The yield comparison between different cultivars showed that all the imported cultivars had a yield higher than 3000 kg. The highest yield was obtained from the BRS511 cultivar at the rate of 3853 kg, followed by BRS284 (3575 kg) and Caspian (3339 kg). Besides that, the results of the correlation test between different traits with yield showed that the yield has the highest correlation with the average weight of 1000-seed (71%) and with the number of pods per plant (57%). In general, the results of this research revealed that the imported cultivars have a high potential in terms of production and in the future, they can become popular cultivars among farmers.

To study the lands covered by the border rivers of Kermanshah province to provide the pattern of fruit tree cultivation from 2017 to 2019 based on field studies of the target areas and the review of meteorological information, soil science, the history of fruit tree cultivation in the study areas, the pattern of tree cultivation of fruit was determined in these areas. Climatic zoning and providing a regional cultivation model is one of the duties of those in charge of production to reduce the damage to producers due to climatic factors and to control the amount of production, which helps regulate the market. Presenting a regional cultivation model in line with production policy and preventing production surplus, which by completing the production chain can overcome the problems of the past few decades in the country's fruit industry. The purpose of this project is to study and analyze the climatic, soil, and social conditions of land covered by border rivers in different parts of Kermanshah provinces that have different climates and microclimates. Also, field studies are the history of cultivation of horticultural products, and finally, the suitable species of each region and the bases appropriate to the soil conditions of those regions are suggested.

Proteomics is one of the applied sciences in biology, this century. Using the mass spectrometer device and the development of databases and bioinformatics tools, a fundamental evolution has taken place in molecular biology and new perspectives have been found in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, molecular biology, etc. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis methods are a popular technique for protein separation because they allow researchers to quantify protein changes on a large scale. Proteomics is a large-scale evaluation of proteins. The term proteomics was produced in 1997 after the introduction of genomics. Although the use of databases and bioinformatics to interpret the results of proteomic findings is being seriously developed. In the study of huge proteomic data, it is very desirable to use the capacity of multivariate statistical methods, due to having many and extensive variables, because these multivariate statistical methods provide the possibility of statistical analysis of several variables, therefore, the use of this statistical technique recently, it has attracted the attention of proteomics scientists. In addition to understanding the tools of proteomics, we are looking for the practical use of proteomics, especially in agriculture, because today the pressure is on plant breeders to provide "smart plant varieties" that are more suitable genotypes with the ability to tolerate biotic and abiotic stress a wider range of climate changes for dealing with the food insecurity of future generations. Therefore, modern plant breeders need precise genetic modification with a gene tracking system for the modified trait. The only caveat in the application of proteomics in biotechnology applications is that genetic modification must be expressed at the protein level. The purpose of this research is to examine the concepts of some main topics in the field of proteomics in simple language, and of course, case studies of proteomics in plants, especially in industrial oilseed plants.