پژوهش نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، زمستان 1401)

One of the most important issues for the stadium audience is the security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks, injuries and even death. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective security factors in stadiums with an aggressive approach to preventing spectators from competing in football leagues.

The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The sampling method is non-random and purposeful sampling. The face and content validity of the interview questions were evaluated and approved by 6 sport management professors and then by 14 experts in the field including sport management elites, specialists and managers. Football and law enforcement staff and security officials were interviewed and continued to theoretical saturation, with data analysis through open coding (component or badge), pivotal (subordinate) and selective (key factors) in this study Was performed.

Based on the findings of the present study, a total of 32 indices were identified which consist of three main factors (service, control and special circumstances) and eight sub-factors of the main factor.

According to elite and soccer experts, security factors (stadium facilities, tickets, physical inspections, security measures, high-risk events and conditions) have an impact on preventing aggression in football spectators.

Media, especially virtual social networks, has had a significant impact on various aspects of societies and organizations. In this framework, the aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of media use in the crime discovery process.

This research is of an applied type in terms of its purpose, and according to the purpose of the article, the qualitative content analysis approach was used. The participants of this research are experts of the police force and university professors of Amin law enforcement sciences and experts in the field of communication and media, who were selected through targeted sampling. The method of data collection is semi-structured interviews and document study. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, after interviewing 18 pppppp, ppppppppppp pppppppppp ppp pppppppp. ppppppp pppppppp method and Atlas.ti software were used to code the texts and interviews.

According to the findings of the research, the use of media in the crime detection process includes 5 general categories, 14 subcategories and 96 concepts; that the general category of communication includes the subcategory of users' communication interactions and organizational interactions; The general category of information includes the subcategory of information transmission, information analysis, information collection and absorption, and information documentation; The general category of persuasion includes the components of clarity and understanding of the message, and honesty and strength in the message; The general category educational includes the subcategory of public education and media production; And the general category of structural includes the subcategory of human, technical, legal and environmental structure.

controlling stadium atmosphere for a safe and merry event is one of the most challenging challenges for the players and officials of big sports events. The purpose of this research is designing a model for controlling the atmosphere of the stadium for the establishment of the sustainable security of large sport events in Iran.

this research was carried out by qualitative method based on grounded theory. data were collected by semi - structured interviews with 20 experts (7 people), security and law enforcement (7 people) social psychology elites (n = 5) that were purposefully gathered to achieve theoretical saturation of data collection. to achieve validity , the results of the research were presented to the participants and they were applied to the participants and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the test - retest method .

the results showed that causal factors including management and proper planning, disciplinary control, security and interaction and organizational communication; factors including poor media function, cultural management and psychological operation; strategies include justification and guidance of fans, timely judicial actions, improvement of welfare facilities, improving income and cultural management.

managers try to control the atmosphere of the sport stadium to provide the necessary ground for the maintenance of mental relaxation of spectators. Therefore, it is suggested that for this purpose, the custodians of mental health, law enforcement and removing the obstacles, should create the atmosphere of the stadium atmosphere.

Terrorism is one of the organized crimes that, due to the lack of a comprehensive legal definition and the lack of a single procedure of the countries at the national and international level in the face of this crime, has faced the police missions with major challenges. In other words, in order to prevent the crime of terror and arrest the suspects before their destructive actions, on the one hand, the police should have special powers to collect evidence against the suspects of terrorist crimes, and on the other hand, these powers should not interfere with the international obligations of governments to respect fundamental rights. Violate humanity. This research deals with the calculation and comparison of the special powers of the police against the suspects of terrorist crimes in the legal systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union.Research

The research method is practical in terms of purpose, and in terms of methodology, it is a qualitative research that collected the necessary data through documents and libraries and then analyzed the findings.

The findings of the research indicate that after numerous terrorist attacks in the territory of EU member states, the rights of the suspects of terrorist crimes have changed significantly.The author's

unlike the European Union in limiting the rights of suspects of terrorist crimes and granting special powers to the police, in the Islamic Republic of Iran; There are no separate regulations in this regard compared to the suspects of other crimes, and legislation is necessary to pass regulations on granting special powers to the police to remove obstacles and prevent arbitrary actions with the suspects of terrorist crimes.

Terrorism crimes are one of the organized crimes that, due to the lack of a comprehensive legal definition and the lack of a single procedure of countries at the national and international level in facing this crime, have faced the police missions with major challenges. This research deals with the calculation and comparison of the special powers of the police against the suspects of terrorist crimes in the legal systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran and some European Union member states.

The research method is analytical-descriptive and using library, documentary and internet resources in the form of a survey, which after collecting the necessary data, analyzed the findings.

The findings of the research indicate that some of the European Union member states, by granting extensive legal powers to the police in prescribing wiretapping, preventive investigations, searching homes or workplaces without obtaining a court order, examining bank accounts, controlling electronic communications, Travel ban or deportation of terrorist suspects from the country have succeeded in promoting preventive policies.

the lack of a legal definition of terror suspects, as well as ignoring the need to grant special powers to the police in dealing with terrorist suspects, and seeing these suspects as the same as other suspects of other crimes, can not only lead to the violation of the rights of terror suspects, but also Legal restrictions in granting special powers to the police in emergency situations make preventive policies in the occurrence of terrorist crimes face fundamental challenges. Therefore, the amendment of the criminal procedure law or the adoption of a comprehensive law in the fight against terrorism is an undeniable necessity.

Security is one of the most important basic needs of any society and a necessary condition for development. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of observing citizenship rights (economic rights, political rights and social rights) on the feeling of security (economic, political and social).

This research is practical in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the research was composed of young citizens aged 18-30 in Babol and Babolsar cities in 1400, and 390 of them were selected as a sample using a proportional multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87 and 0.89, respectively, and were analyzed with the help of SPSS software and multivariate linear regression analysis.

The findings of the research showed that the observance of citizenship rights and its dimensions have a positive effect on the feeling of security and its dimensions, and among these, the social dimension of citizenship rights has the greatest effect (0.388) and its economic dimension has the least effect (0.161).

Considering the positive effect of observing citizen's rights on the feeling of security, the observance of citizen's rights by the law enforcers at the community level requires more attention, because it gives more peace of mind and a sense of security to the citizens and suitable solutions for managers and security custodians in line with order