نشریه فرهنگ و زیست فناوری معماری
پیاپی 4 (بهار 1401)

Land Art emerged as a new trend following minimalist and conceptual art movements in the 1960s. The same familiar name that in its institution, sought to create works different from the past and at the same time achieve the unity of nature; Art that placed the artist in a transcendent interaction with his nature and inwardness, which by nature seeks to achieve the nature of existential creativity in nature. The theory of biophilia, on the other hand, was first introduced by Edward O. Wilson, a professor of biology at Harvard University, published his 1984 book, Biophilia. Terminologically, the term biophilia means the love of life or living systems and was first coined by Eric Fromm to explain a psychological tendency towards the attractiveness of all living things. Was used. on the other hand, it seems that the best analysis of human creativity and perception in the natural environment can be associated with the finding of environment in the art of land art and a kind of post - mortem and the human nature, creativity and nature (environment)in it. The research method of this study is descriptive - analytic that has benefited from data collection tools including library studies and documents. The findings show that land art has a new vision of the creative relationship with nature and provides new solutions to coexist with nature and environment; therefore, it را the damaged biome to artistic and artistic reaction, and therefore land art is opposed to the traditional symbolism of myth based on the constraints of the functional and rational world.

The issue of providing housing for low-income groups has been considered not only in Iran but also in many countries of the world, and so far various policies have been considered and implemented to provide housing for low-income groups. Smart city as a solution mainly to improve urban policy, security, development and governance by using information and communication technology advances to recreate human capital, creativity, innovation, education, participation, sustainable development and Management knows. The main goal of this research is to investigate the smart environment in Mehr Housing residential complexes in the country, therefore, it has been done to identify the areas and challenges facing the non-realization of the smart environment in Mehr Housing. The research method is using the qualitative method and using the systematic approach of "foundational data theory" (Strauss-Corbin approach) and the statistical population is 60 expert experts of Tehran municipality, which is using targeted sampling until saturation is reached. A comment has been made. The findings of the research have shown that providing an integrated management in Mehr residential complexes in Tehran and its surroundings and considering the many stakeholders and actors involved in this process with respect to the environment and the urban nature of the housing context Finally, by improving the level of institutional capacity, the field of interaction and appropriate communication of these stakeholders and activists with the aim of achieving a creative environment that uses the intellectual, social and collective intelligence of its institutions and material infrastructures to deal with A wide range of problems and challenges are properly exploited, provided that all of them are in the balance of the relationship with nature and the environment around the residential areas of Mehr in Iran.

In Brandi's thoughts, the concept of authenticity has two aspects, that is, "1. Artistic originality" and "2.”Historical authenticity" of architectural work can be seen that these two authenticity are related. In the sense that the artist is a part of the society and is related to his time, which is characterized by its specific cultural-political and socio-economic conditions. If Brandi's theory is considered in a more comprehensive context, architecture can be described in a more general sense than just the creative activity of the architect, that is, in the broad sense of originality as an expression of cultural and environmental characteristics. Here, the question is based on Brandi's originality theory, what is the original concept of using nature in native architecture (here as a case study: Iran)? The research method of this article is analytical description and logical reasoning method, which is used from philosophical hermeneutic reading to evaluate the concept of authenticity of nature in native architecture. The findings of the research show that naturalism is considered as the essence of native architecture, and with the analysis made in this research in connection with the investigation of the amount of nature elements (light, water and green space) in the courtyards of native houses, it is completely It was found that these buildings were designed in complete connection with nature and the use of natural, native and local elements along with the precise and subtle points of their execution show the harmony and complete adaptation of the architecture with the nature around it.

Biophilic architecture means loving nature and living creatures based on the definition of its theory creator Edward Wilson. The main methods by which phenomenologists try to reach a pure and true connection with "nature and the ecosystem" (biophilia), correct reflection in relation to deep thinking about the nature of nature and natural life (animals and plants), description A deep quality of natural subjects and especially living beings according to Edward Wilson's point of view, and a careful observation of natural and green urban environments or similar approaches to "feeling to love nature". The research method is descriptive analytical method and "hermeneutic phenomenology" method. The findings of the research show that such experiences can be obtained in different ways, including interviewing, observing, reading, writing and living. The reasoning process in the desired research method requires shaping and planning various parts and building wholes perceptually, and the best way to promote sensory perception (biophilia) to nature and the environment is to choose sensory options on the site that They can act as points, boundaries and sensory corridors on the site and originate from hidden forces on the site and help the designer in the design process. Also, how the path of the design process should be designed and how this approach is effective is coordinated with the presentation of the design process models defined by the architects.

The question is whether the perception of naturalness in architecture is related to objective visual patterns, and what is the effect of natural patterns on the aesthetic evaluation of architectural fields? Experimental laboratory tests showed that the visual patterns of architecture explained more than half of the variance of naturalness valuation and it was determined that the aesthetic preference ranks are closely related to the patterns in natural architecture. The research method was a laboratory where the participants took part in image sorting, and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was performed on the data to determine the hidden dimensions that guide scene similarity judgments. Both naturalness and preference rating are strongly related to the MDS dimension. We interpreted this dimension as representing the hidden perceptions of naturalistic aesthetics and it was found that the effects of natural patterns mediate the preference of nature. The findings of the research show that naturalistic visual patterns may play an important role in the aesthetic evaluation of architectural fields.

Today, the inadequacy between the purchasing power of housing applicants and the rise in housing prices and the change in lifestyle and some behaviors on the other hand has led to the construction or purchase of small, unnecessary homes. Therefore, its flexibility is one of the qualitative features of the housing that seems to help not only improve other quality of housing, but also adapting the psychological needs of users to their biodiversity. It also has a special effect. This has been a reflection in traditional Iranian homes. Accordingly, in this study, the analytical method and physical analysis method examines the case samples of traditional houses and their physical principles have been intended to increase residential satisfaction. Research findings show that flexibility related to traditional and usable housing, including composition and separation of spaces, the use of moving walls and furniture, designing multicolored spaces, and multitasking space on satisfaction Users have a very important impact. In order to improve environmental features, it is necessary to properly design and execute spaces to adapt to the expected performance, enrich aesthetics and flexibility.

The word "robot" was used for the first time in the play "Rosum Robot Factory" written by the Czech writer Karl Chapek. The first autonomous electronic robots with complex behavior were developed by Walter at the Burden Neurological Institute in Bristol, England in 1948 and 1949. Robotics is the science of studying technology related to the design, construction and general principles and application of robots. Today, the term bionics has a brief definition: robotics and replacement or improvement of the living material of tissue, body parts and organs with mechanical copies in the English-speaking world, the term biomimetic appeared as the German equation (word) Bionik And it is commonly used. Otto Schmitt coined this term in the 1950s, the mimetic part indicating imitation of nature. This article refers to bio-based robots that are built based on the physiological structure of living beings. Research findings have shown that robotic architecture is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creative design and application of programmable hardware and software systems on the scale of the phenomenon and profession of architecture. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to intelligent biorobots as a branch of architectural sciences that focuses on the relationship between humans and robots.

From the terminological aspect, the term "biophilia" means "loving life or living systems" and was first used by "Eric Fromm" to explain a psychological tendency regarding the "attractiveness of all living things". ", Was used. "Edward Wilson" used this term in a similar sense to describe and justify "mankind's unconscious desire to connect with other elements of life". On the other hand, one of the most important complications of living in today's cities is the "diminished connection with nature" and alienation from natural elements and processes, which has had a special reflection in international studies. , the principles of design based on biophilic architecture have been reviewed and analyzed in design performance to achieve sustainable development goals; For this purpose, first, the most important design issues are examined with this approach and its different patterns are identified, and then, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the identified approaches and patterns of this type of architecture are prioritized. Realization results show that in the three main design approaches based on biophilic architecture, it means (1) the presence of nature in location patterns, (2) the presence of natural analog elements and patterns in the environment, and (3) the fluidity of spatial patterns. Also, patterns of visual interaction with nature and tangible experience with it in architecture have more priority.