Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:5 Issue: 14, 2023

Liver parasites are one of the most important parasitic groups which, in addition to causing diseases in host animals, also have zoonotic importance. This study was conducted with the aim of examining the livers of sheep slaughtered in the industrial slaughterhouse of Birjand city and identifying the parasitic contamination in them, finding the cause of contamination and estimating the direct economic losses caused by them.

The present study was descriptive-analytical and it was conducted cross-sectionally in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2021. During the research period, by referring to the slaughterhouse, the removed livers were collected and transferred to the parasitology laboratory in cold condition and on ice bags. In the laboratory, the possible cysts in the liver were subjected to diagnostic examinations by examining the appearance and also making deep cuts in the liver tissue.

During the 12-month research period, 15319 sheep were slaughtered, among which 790 sheep had parasitic infections in their livers. Infected livers were removed wholly or partially. The total number of liver removals caused by parasites was estimated at 793 kilograms, which is based on the daily price (per kilogram of liver: one million and five hundred Rials) and it was calculated one billion one hundred eighty-nine million five hundred thousand Rials (1189500000 Rials). The parasites observed in the infected livers included hydatid cyst, fasciola, dicrocelium, cysticercus teniacolis and sarcocyst.

Considering the extent and volume of contamination and taking into account the direct financial loss caused by parasitic contamination in Birjand city, it could be estimated that parasites cause huge and significant amounts of damage to the country's animal husbandry industry every year.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the time of osteogenesis and development pectoral girdle elements, wing and the ossification centers of these regions in post-heching time in common myna (Acridotheres tristis) with by using radiographic method.

This descriptive study is done on myna after hatching. Fourteen myna (Acridotheres tristis) (7 male and 7 female) were reared in similar and standard conditions and radiography was done once every 7 days to up 90 days of wing bones. The assigned technique including processing the radiographic image with normal radiography film.

Differentiation of the wing in myna starts with the appearance of centers of undeveloped cartilages in humerus diaphysis, radius, and ulna at the end of the first week, and also carpal regions in the beginning of the third week. The growth sequence in humerus and radius, ulna and carpus, metacarpus, and digits are observed in various stages. Maximum growth is related to the maximum cartilaginous activity and ossification stages. Humerus keeps its growth connection constant with the length of the whole wing skeleton, although its growth scale lessens from the end of the third week. In adult specimens the formula of the digits of the fore limb is usually 2:2:1 but it sometimes decreases to 1:2:1.

Based on this study, osteogenesis time in the wing bones of myna is 70 days after hatching and some of the many contrasts that were mentioned about other birds can be evaluated and compared and also, there was no significant difference between male and female myna birds in relation to osteogenesis time.

The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of 1500 IU of hCG on Day 29±1 after artificial insemination (AI) would reduce pregnancy loss by inducing accessory corpora lutea and increasing serum progesterone concentrations in dairy cattle.

Three hundred and seventy lactating Holstein dairy cows from a farm with 1200 lactating cows were randomly assigned to a treatment and a control group. The animals of the treatment group (n=185) received hCG 1500 IU (IM), while in the control group they received the control group (n=185) received no treatment. Ovarian structures, serum progesterone levels and pregnancy status were determined on days 29±1 and 42, respectively.

The Progesterone concentration on day 42 was higher (P=0.005) for cows in the hCG group (14.9±0.7 mg/ml) compared to the control group (12.1±0.7ng/ml). On day 42, the number of accessory CLs  for cows in the hCG group (1.6±0.04) were higher (p˂0.0001) than cows in the control group (1.2±0.04). A Positive correlation was detected between the circulating progesterone and CL volume in the hCG group (r=0.47, p=0.001). Pregnancy losses did not differ between days 29±1 and 42 both in the control (7.6%) and in the hCG group (5.9%).

It was concluded that the administration of hCG (1500 IU) on day 29±1 of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows increased the number of corpora lutea and serum progesterone concentration but did not have any effect on pregnancy loss rate or pregnancy losses.

The loss of the integrity of the skin can cause damage and diseases for a person, which leads to physical disabilities and even death; therefore, one of the most important issues that medical science has faced so far is the issue of treating wounds. This study was conducted to compare the histopathological evaluation of skin wound healing in male Wistar rats with a topical ointment of 10% hydro-alcoholic extract of pistachio peel.

Twenty male rats were randomly allocated to two experimental groups (n=10). A skin wound with a diameter of 2 cm was created in a circular shape on the back of all animals. Group 1 was considered as control. Group 2 received Hydro-alcoholic ointment prepared from the pure extract of pistachio peel. 24 hours after wound formation, treatment with 10% ointment of purified pistachio peel extract began and continued until 21 days and the healing process was evaluated on days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Animals were anesthetized, and the skin of specimens was taken. In addition, the amount of wound contraction was obtained using the calculated surface of the wound and was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS and T-test.

According to the result, the hydro-alcoholic extract of pistachio peel ointment is effective and accelerates the healing of the wound. We found that the average wound size and the number of inflammatory cells were decreased in treatment groups but the number of fibrocytes, fibroblast cells, formation, and order of collagen fibers had increased in the treatment groups.

This study suggests that topical treatment with hydro-alcoholic extract of pistachio peel can be used as clinical therapy and can enhance tissue healing.

The diagnosis of pre-renal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is very important in order to choose the appropriate treatment method. Considering that urinary diagnostic indices are usually not very reliable due to the use of crystalloids and diuretics, a fast and accurate diagnostic method can significantly help the treatment of these patients. This study was designed and implemented in order to investigate the diagnostic value of Doppler ultrasound in differentiating pre-renal azotemia from ATN.

Fourteen puppies of different breeds that did not receive any fluids and were referred to the specialized small animal clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch due to oliguria or anuria were evaluated. In the first 24 hours after admission and in the recovery phase of acute kidney failure, ultrasound was performed and resistance index (RI) was measured in them. Based on history, clinical course and laboratory findings, acute renal failure (AFR) was divided into two categories: pre-renal azotemia and ATN, and appropriate treatment were given.

The sensitivity and specificity of the RI in differentiating these two conditions were calculated. At the RI cutoff point of 0.75, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound were calculated as 92.1% and 86.5%, respectively.

According to the obtained results, Doppler ultrasound can be helpful in differentiating pre-renal azotemia from ATN in puppies. At the cutoff point equal to 0.75, RI has the highest diagnostic accuracy.

As a complete food source, milk contains nutrients, minerals, and vitamins needed by the body. However, raw milk has many microorganisms that can cause a wide range of diseases for consumers, so sterilization is one of the important steps in the dairy industry that must be paid enough attention to obtain a healthy product that preserves its primary nutritional value. The current study is a review study with the aim of investigating different thermal methods such as conventional heating (CH) and ohmic heating (OH), and new non-thermal methods such as cold plasma (CP) on inactivation Raw milk microorganisms and the effectiveness rate of this methods are compared. This study includes a review of 13 experimental studies, of which 5 studies investigate the inactivation rate of OH and CH sterilization on Staphylococcus thermaphilus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and 8 other experimental studies investigate the inactivation rate of CP method as a non-thermal alternative method which is less destructive to foods on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and on microorganisms in general. According to the contents mentioned in this article, it can be concluded that OH has the ability to produce safe products by preserving nutrients, and at the same time, it does not harm the quality of the products. The amount of microbial load of milk using the OH method was much lower than the CH method, and also less time and energy is needed to reach the sterilized state of the milk, as the energy and time required by OH are 72% and 19% less than CH respectively. Also, CP affects the production of biofilm from microorganisms, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and reduces the microbial load in foods through this way, and by increasing the time of CP irradiation on bacterial isolates, a significant decrease in the Bacteria growth rate is observed.