پژوهشنامه معارف قرآنی
پیاپی 51 (زمستان 1401)

A theory that has been identified as a work and a greater part of it is based on clear meanings from the verses and narrations, but it is apparently based on evidence that has many contradictions. This research is based on the collection of information and analysis, and in order to prove the non-contradiction of the theory of specific work and part of the verses, they include the presence of an external punisher in punishment, thwarting, atonement, and replacing bad deeds with good deeds. In sum, the results of the investigation that 1- The signs of the observer regarding the presence of an external Punisher are indicative of the existence of an external Punisher in the body of a human being under the influence of making a decision, and a Punisher outside the body of a human being is based on the soul of a person, so an external Punisher is similar to the affairs of a human soul. In the most severe verses in the verses, the point of emphasis is that the hell is destroyed, the same actions of human beings are based on the command and opinion of that. Contradicting the theory of specific actions and parts with these verses in the form of an affirmative action and part that is external, moreover, because it is outside of the body of a human being or outside of the soul of a person more closely.

The calculation of actions is one of the topics that influence the thought and action of every Christian and can be defined and explained in the relationship between man and God. In order to understand the quality of calculation of actions and rational inferences from the category of accounting and books, the classification of nominal and current uses of the article (Ha Sin Ba) in the Qur'an was done. The present article, which is based on the method of description, interpretation and analysis, by examining the verses, has inferred and documented two methods from the Holy Qur'an. One, the evaluation of actions by each component; In this way, first the human being is punished for his bad deeds, then he settles in God's paradise with a degree. The second one is the evaluation in the way of getting the grade point average, In this way, about every human being, his rank and degree is determined by the actions of the components that affect the actions of the human being. Also, the theory of objective visualization of human actions as the chosen view of the research, in the intersection with the semantic analysis of calculation in the Qur'an, leads to the proof of average evaluation.

Belief in the principle of resurrection and the return of man after death was at the same time as the creation of man; Muslims agree on the principle of human return after death. But the quality of resurrection is whether the resurrection is only spiritual or physical or both spiritual and physical. This issue is a serious challenge among Muslims. According to some of the divine actions mentioned in the Quranic verses about the creation of man, this return will be physical and spiritual; A: The Qur'an emphasizes that God created man in such a way that some of his parts remain after death; due to the fact that God Almighty is wise in His actions, the existence of the remaining parts after death only leads to a physical resurrection, otherwise the survival of physical parts after death will be null and void, and God Almighty is pure from it. B: The emphasis of the Qur'an on actions such as the creation of man with the feature of longing for eternal life, the creation of man with the feature of innate call to goodness and innate prohibition of corruption, and finally the sameness actions that indicate the sameness and symmetry of worldly and hereafter man are indicative of an elemental and spiritual resurrection

The model of logic of understanding governing "Tasnim's interpretation" in the verses of femaleMethodology is one of the most important and fundamental topics in the scope of the interpretation of sacred texts that can be designed at various levels. Investigating and drawing the logic of understanding is undoubtedly one of its most important pillars. The logic of the interpreter's understanding covers a wide range of his deep beliefs and cognitions that can be discussed in the overall structure of the world, human, and epistemological, systematic and epistemological. This structure provides a general and measurable criterion to explain and compare ideas. The cultural and social problems of today's society, especially in the issue of women, have made the need to enter the foundations of understanding - especially in sacred texts. In this regard, this research seeks to discuss the methodology of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli in her view and draw on the three titles from her point of view, and to make the current methodology model more comprehensive in terms of interpretation. His cosmological perspective is a comprehensive and single comprehensiveness of matter. Their view of women's discussion is generally more emerging in the anthropology sector. Relying on their cosmological view, they divide human existence into the body and soul, and the spiritual part of existence is the cause of men and women in human perfection and physical part due to differences in the relative characteristics and virtues of the two sexes, commensurate with family responsibilities and family responsibilities. They know social and describe this view in the verses.

Criticism and rationalization in the teachings of religions are the questions affecting mankind, and among them, the doctrine of sacrifice, according to which human beings must pay a ransom and damages for the sin of Abu al-Bashar Adam, and this damage was paid with the suffering and death of Christ (PBUH), is one of the issues that have been faced with challenges in the understanding and rationality of modern man, and it is challenging in contemporary Christianity. Since the Qur'an, as an eternal miracle in the universe, is a unique standard and yardstick for the degree of justifiability and correctness of the teachings of religions, especially those religions that were not spared from the hands of the distorters, the present article aims to examine and measure the doctrine from the perspective of the Holy Quran and use the related verses for deliberation and reflection in a descriptive-analytical way. The result of the research shows that the Holy Qur'an together with the Islamic traditions never confirms this belief, and invalidates the issue of redemption by emphasizing the infallibility of Adam (PBUH) and other prophets, specifying the ascension of Jesus (PBUH) before the cross, considering everyone responsible for his own fate, and also introducing the actions of a person as the criterion for his salvation

Slandering God is attributing something unjustly or without knowledge to God Almighty or describing Him to things that do not exist in Him. The purpose of this research is to discover the semantic system of defamation of God in the Holy Quran with the ontology method, which is a method of information science and epistemology to manage information in a scientific field. The question is, how can ontology help us in discovering the semantic geometry of slandering God in the Qur'an? It is obvious that the existence of a precise, objective and transparent map in every scientific field and research topic can be a road map for researchers and make the production of thought in that field smoother. In order to achieve this purpose and with the analytical descriptive method, after defining the concept of ontology and defamation, it has been tried to extract concepts that are related to "defamation of God" in the Qur'an and commentaries, and with the ontological method, the type of communication They should be discovered and classified. The finding of the research is that several concepts are semantically related to "defamation of God"; These concepts include: guidance, growth, misguidance, harm, mercy, forgiveness, charity, distortion of religion, polytheism, disbelief, idolatry, solitude, divine curse, divine wrath, cruelty, divine punishment, happiness, misery, salvation and security

The discussion of appropriateness in the ancient interpretation, order and coherence in the later interpretation, and chaining and intertextuality in the contemporary text-oriented linguistics dictionary are among the topics that have been the focus of the old and new Muslim and non-Muslim Quran scholars from the beginning of the revelation of the Qur'an to the present age. Today, some orientalists believe that the Qur'an is a mixed and incoherent mass. Also, the repetition of verses in Quranic stories is due to the incoherence of the verses. Considering the importance of the discussion, it is necessary to examine the coherence and chaining of the verses related to the Quranic stories. The results of the research, which was carried out by the analytical-descriptive method, show that: a. In the early Meccan surahs, the reader is not faced with complete stories and only their main events are mentioned; b. The goals in the first surahs are moral and educational, and the way of telling stories is sharp and striking, and monotonous music dominates the surahs; c. Narrative parts and in a first way, retribution-oriented stories with the verses before and after them on the one hand, and with other retribution-oriented stories of other surahs, as well as on a macro level, with the life of the prophet (PBUH), have inter-surah and intertextual relationships; d. The narrative beginnings of these stories follow one or more common and formulated patterns; e. The middle part of the stories contains structural events, and in fact, the narration of the stories is directly related to this part; f. The endings of narrations of the stories usually end with a verse that refers to a lesson or a moral message; g. retribution-oriented stories of the first Makkah surahs are considered to be the bearers of the first verbal communication of Islam through the prophet (PBUH), and they present a miniature of the entire Quranic stories and prepare the mental background of the Quran's audience

Celestial constellations have always been discussed and researched by astronomers due to their role in determining time and some astronomical calculations. In terms of guidance, the Holy Qur'an clearly mentions constellations in three verses, and a surah is also known by the same name. This heavenly book considers the decoration of the sky with constellations as a sign of divine power. The main questions of this research are what is the external example of the Quranic constellations and what are the commonalities and differences between the Quranic and astronomical constellations? The origin of these questions is the proposal of various interpretive views presented by the thinkers. Using the method of interdisciplinary studies and the description and analysis of intra-Qur'anic and extra-Qur'anic evidences show that the meaning of the constellation in this holy text can be the same common term among astronomers, that is, the twelve sets of stars that are known by special names that have been noticed because of their beauty and probably their role in human life. Another similarity between the Qur'anic and astronomical constellations, which shows the sameness of the two, is their materiality, beauty, and adornment, and their location in the sky near the earth. On the other hand, the towers and heavenly buildings that are introduced as examples of the zodiac in some interpretations, due to the lack of definitive proofs and the lack of discovery of such buildings so far, can only be presented as a possibility in the interpretation of these verses.