نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 42 (پاییز 1401)

Skill-based training is one of the important dimensions of sustainable development, especially in human capital empowerment. Therefore, the aim of the research is to identify the factors affecting the quality of skill-based training in the faculty of border. In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of the nature of the data and the methodology, it is considered as a qualitative research and thematic analysis type. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical population consisted of 18 border guard experts and professors who were selected using purposeful sampling method under the condition of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done using the MAXQDA-2020 software. The findings from the analysis of the interviews, which were coded in three stages (open stage, axial stage and selective stage), showed that the factors affecting the quality of skill-based training have 159 basic concepts, 10 organizing concepts and 4 comprehensive concepts, including teacher and student, planning and management, educational resources, were the characteristics of education. The results of the research show that the basic and fundamental axis of skill-oriented education that was evident in all identified concepts was operational learning. The correct identification and implementation of the factors affecting the quality of skill-based training in the border field leads to the improvement and increase of the students' skill level, and the graduates will enjoy high efficiency and performance in performing the tasks and missions assigned to them after being assigned in the border guard units.

Currently, the methods of drug trafficking in the world are changing from traditional methods to new methods. The present research was conducted to present a technological predictive model with foresight in dealing with the air smuggling of narcotics from the borders. This study was prepared in terms of practical purpose, terms of mixed method, and terms of collecting statistics and information in the field and through interviews and questionnaire tools. The participants in the qualitative part of the research included 17 experts and managers of strategic levels who were experts in the subject, and who were selected using the snowball sampling method. The statistical community of the quantitative part was also experts in the fight against narcotics and flight science experts, and there were 90 people, and 73 of them were selected as members of the statistical sample using the Morgan table and the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview with a reliability coefficient of 0.91, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.84. In this research, MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data from the quantitative questionnaire. The findings led to the identification of 80 basic themes, 17 constructive themes, and 4 inclusive themes to formulate and design a technological predictive model to deal with possible drug smuggling in the future through the borders. The results of the quantitative part of the research also indicated that the themes identified can play a significant role in combating the air smuggling of narcotics from the borders in the future and can be considered suitable predictors for providing a technological predictive model.

As the main custodian of establishing order and security in the society, the General Police Command plays an important role in ensuring sustainable security in urban and rural areas by making arrangements according to various political, social, and cultural events. Keeping this issue in mind, the purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of police measures on the security of Mehran border during Arbaeen Hosseini.In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied and a quantitative type of research that was conducted using a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population in the present study included 400 individuals, 196 of whom have been selected as a sample using Morgan's table. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was formally confirmed by experts, and its reliability was calculated and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 79%, which indicates good reliability. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The findings based on the research hypotheses showed six measures; prevention of crime and insecurity, fight against terrorism, orderliness in pilgrims' places of movement, protection of human rights and dignity, mechanized control of entry and exit channels and interaction with law enforcement agents of the opposite country have an effect on the security of the border of Mehran during the days of Arbaeen Hosseini.

Since the development and security in Iran's border areas are faced with many shortcomings, there are many regional inequalities in any scale, and in the field of various indicators, special regions have a more privileged position than other regions. Therefore, the study of economic, social, cultural and political inequalities among groups, strata, ethnic groups, as well as geographical regions with divisions in a country, is one of the necessary and basic tasks for planning and reforms in order to ensure economic growth and achieve sustainable security, especially in sensitive areas.The purpose of the current research is to investigate the security-defense factors effective in the development of the border areas of West Azerbaijan Province, and the type of research is descriptive and its method is analytical, which used the opinions of 30 professors of political geography, political science and border guards to examine the prioritization of effective security factors in the development of the border areas of West Azerbaijan province. Micmac software was used to analyze the information. The results obtained from the surveys revealed that the indicators of development and security among the border cities of this province are not distributed in a balanced manner, according to the scores obtained from the 4 indicators investigated in the border areas, two economic and social variables have the greatest role in the relationship with the security and development of West Azerbaijan province.

One of the main concerns of military commanders is always to improve the combat readiness of employees in the executive ranks, and to achieve this annual goal, a large part of the time and expenses of these organizations are spent on this matter; However, the combat readiness of the employees of these organizations requires more effort to achieve greater usefulness, and the marine units are not exempt from this issue. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify the challenges of commanders and managers in improving the combat readiness of Bushehr Admiralty Command staff. The current qualitative research is developmental-applied in terms of the purpose which has been conducted using content analysis and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts and elites related to the subject of the research, until theoretical saturation was achieved. Also, the information obtained from the research community was categorized and coded after implementation in MAXQDA software. According to the objectives of the research, in the end, the number of 354 codes, taking into account repeated codes, 38 basic themes and 5 organizing themes, including management challenges, manpower challenges, challenges of facilities and equipment, scientific and practical challenges and legal and judicial challenges were identified. Therefore, in order to improve the combat readiness of the units under their command, commanders and managers must first take action to solve the management challenges that are rooted in their command style and scientific and experimental capabilities, and then take the necessary action regarding other challenges and obstacles facing the combat readiness of the staff.

The security of the southeastern borders of Iran has always been a challenge for this country due to its special climatic, religious, ethnic and geographical features. the authors of this article aim to analyze the effects of border diplomacy on the security of the southeastern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran and seek to answer the question, what are the effects of border diplomacy on the security of the southeastern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan? In response to the question raised, the authors have analyzed the effects of border diplomacy on the security of the studied area by using the descriptive-analytical method and by using the resources available in reliable scientific databases, related documents and documents. The obtained findings have shown that during the past years, institutions related to security in border areas, including the Border Guard Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, have played a significant role in reducing security threats such as illegal immigration by using the approach of active border diplomacy in relation to the Border Guard Forces of Pakistan. Drug trafficking, illegal weapons, organized crimes, importation of prohibited goods, ethnic-religious movements, insecurity of border areas and attacks on border guard posts, etc. have played a role.Keeping in mind that the special conditions of this region, especially the emergence of the Taliban in Afghanistan, can face new challenges to the relative security in this region in the future, therefore, special attention is needed to strengthen the component of border diplomacy in this region from the side of policy makers. and be in charge of security in the central government.

Since the ratification of the Refugee Convention in 1951, the development of international refugee law has faced many political and legal challenges and obstacles. These challenges have been particularly evident in Europe due to high migration and asylum. On the one hand, the philosophy of EU law is based on the theory of the interpretation of political will not the theory of justice. In other words, rights under the hegemony of the political will of European countries have been violated and governments have defined rights as subject to their national interests (Britain's controversial and inhumane plan in June 2020). On the other hand, the jurisprudence of the ECHR and the ECJ indicate the development of international asylum law (order of the ECHR to suspend the transfer of asylum seekers from Britain to Rwanda). In other words, law has taken over the politics. The purpose of this article is to identifying and examining the legal and political challenges to the development of international asylum law in Europe on the one hand and evaluating the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice in relation to the development of international asylum law on the other hand. it is concluded that despite these challenges and obstacles, the jurisprudence of the ECHR indicates the evolution of these rights. Finally, this article demonstrates that governments have an international responsibility for refugees and cannot shirk it, by providing solutions for the development of international refugee law in Europe.