فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

Lepidium L. is one of the important genera of Brassicaceae family, which is mostly distributed in Central, Middle and Southwest Asia, and some of its species are used as medicinal plants or vegetables. The study of genetic diversity using molecular markers plays a very important role in breeding programs and preservation of genetic resources. In this regard, comparison of different molecular markers in diversity variation is very important. In the present research, inter- and intra-specific genetic relationships of Lepidium spp. populations were evaluated using SSR (simple sequence repeats), ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) and SCoT (start codon targeted) molecular markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed much higher variance within species than among species in all three markers. The highest intra-specific variance ( ) was obtained by SCoT markers. The results of genetic similarity matrix generated by SSR, ISSR and SCoT markers by Mantel’s test showed that the correlation between SSR and ISSR was highest (r = ), followed by ISSR and SCoT (r = ), then by SSR and SCoT (r = ) According to Nei’s genetic distance among the populations of Lepidium spp., the highest similarity (r = ) was found between Tabas (L. latifolium) and fsuhK (L. draba) using SSR markers; Khatam and Mehriz (L. latifolium), Tabas (L. latifolium) and hehsihsas (L. draba), Tabas (L. latifolium) and fsuhK (L. draba), Nir and Saveh (L. draba), Isfahan and Arak (L. sativum), Tehran and nevziQ (L. sativum) using ISSR markers; and Khatam and Mehriz (L. latifolium) as well as Nir and Saveh (L. draba) using SCoT markers. Based on the genetic distances between the populations, we can use cross between hehsihsas (L. draba) with Mashhad (L. sativum), Tabas (L. latifolium) and fsuhK (L. draba) with Tehran and nevziQ (L. sativum), and hehsihsas (L. draba) with Arak (L. sativum) to obtain the highest amount of heterosis in future breeding programs. Overall, the results indicated the usefulness of these three markers to estimate genetic distance among Lepidium L. populations.

The main cause of death in human societies is cancer, and medicinal plants can play an important role in cancer treatment due to their effective compounds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anticancer effects of Artemisia turcomanica extract on the viability of cervical cancer cell line (Hela) and its effect on bcl and Bax gene expression. In this experimental study, first, the hydroalcoholic extract of the Artemisia turcomanica was prepared and Hela cancer cells were cultured in RPMI culture medium containing fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin and treated with different concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Artemisia turcomanica ( and μg /ml) for , , and hours. The anticancer effect of the extract was evaluated by MTT method and finally, at lethal concentration, the expression of Bax, Bcl genes was evaluated by Real-Time PCR method. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, one-way variance, Tukey test and p less than . This research showed that the anti-cancer effect of the extract on the cells increased significantly with increasing concentration and time compared to the control samples, also, Real-Time PCR results showed that the expression of Bax and Bcl genes changed significantly compared to the control sample at and hours. The results showed that the Artemisia turcomanica extract is an effective anti-cancer compound on cervical cancer cells, and probably with further investigation and identification of the effective compounds in the extract, a step can be taken in the direction of finding and designing new and effective drugs in the treatment of cancer.

This study was designed and conducted to evaluate the growth responses of Solenostemon scutellarioides L. plant using biochar in the culture medium as a completely randomized statistical design with treatments, replications and each repetition containing plants a total of pots. Treatments included biochar with four levels of , , and g / kg soil weight and pots without biochar as a control. To conduct the research, first Solenostemon scutellarioides seedlings were transferred in a -leaf stage in pots containing conventional culture medium to which biochar (relative to zero, , , and g / kg soil weight) was added according to the treatments. The pots were kept in commercial greenhouses in Pakdasht city with an average temperature of about to degrees Celsius, relative humidity of about to percent and light intensity of about to micromoles per square meter per second. Then in the appropriate stage of transfer to the market, about days after the transfer of cuttings, the desired traits were evaluated. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of the plant and plant height in biochar treatment g / kg soil weight, maximum number of leaves, anthocyanin content and leaf total chlorophyll in biochar treatment g / kg soil weight and the highest and lowest ion leakage of cell membranes was g / kg soil weight in control and biochar treatments, respectively. Therefore, according to the results, the use of biochar with concentrations of and g / kg soil weight can be recommended to improve the growth indices and enzymatic activity of Solenostemon scutellarioides plant.

One of the factors involved in the high quality production of vegetable seedlings is the type of cultivation medium. In the present study, the effects of Cocopeat, Nipeat, and perlite on the morphological, physiological traits, and photosynthetic performance of lettuce seedlings were studied in the form of randomized complete block design. After preparation, the seeds were cultivated in culture beds including ) cocopeat (CP ); ) Nipeat (NP ); ) Cocopit+ Nipeat (CP +NP ); ) cocopeat + Nipeat + Perlite (CP NP P ); ) Nipeat + Perlite (NP +P ); ) Nipeat + Perlite (NP +P ). At first, germination indicators such as the germination percentage and rate of lettuce seeds were calculated and after the seedlings reached the stage of transfer to the field, the morphological, physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were investigated. The results indicated a high vegetative performance of lettuce seedlings in the CP treatment, but in the substrates containing perlite, a decrease in all the studied morphological traits and photosynthesis performance was observed. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids and relative content of leaf water and the lowest amount of proline were reported in CP culture medium. Therefore, in general, it can be concluded that using cocopeat can lead to better growth of lettuce seedlings.

Mountain Kelussia is one of the endangered species that in order to prevent the extinction of this valuable plant, it is necessary to protect its natural resources and make efforts to rebuild the damaged pastures. This requires the study of germination failure germination of seeds of this plant. The seeds of the mountain kelussia plant have dormancy, which reduces their vigor. This study was performed to investigate the effect of different sleep failure treatments on germination and seedling growth of kelussia. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with four replications. Experimental treatments include potassium nitrate , gibberellic acid ppm, gibberellic acid ppm, gibberellic acid ppm, smoke treatment, hot water treatment in C, leaching treatment, temperature treatment of ° C , Temperature ° C, temperature ° C, temperature ° C for , , and weeks, scratching treatment and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of dormancy treatment on all characteristics related to germination and seedling growth of kelussia was significant. The results also showed that none of the treatments except seed storage treatment at ° C resulted in germination of kelussia seeds. With increasing the storage time of kelussia seeds at ° C, germination percentage, root length and dry weight, shoot length and dry weight, seedling length and dry weight, seed vigor and seedling also increased. In general, the results of this study showed that the best treatment to eliminate seed dormancy of kelussia seeds and seedling growth is to store watered seeds in cold conditions for weeks. The result of evaluating the compatibility of kelussia seedlings showed that it has grown in Boroujerd region and has the ability to adapt to this region.

In order to study the effects of sulfur granular compost and nitrogen fertilizers on nutrient concentration of iron, zinc, manganese and copper in wheat shoots, with the aim of optimum using of chemical and organic fertilizers for achieving sustainable agriculture, were studied as completely randomized factorial design with treatments and four replicates at pot conditions in Gharakhil Agricultural Research Station. The first factor was consisted of three levels of nitrogen (zero, and mg/kg of soil) applied in the form of urea and the second factor was consisted of four levels of sulfur granular compost (zero, , and g/kg of soil) and the third factor (cultivars N and Darya ). As data showed, integrated use of organic fertilizers with nitrogen fertilizer (urea), Increased concentration of iron, zinc, manganese and copper in wheat compared to the control and the use of nitrogen and organic fertilizers alone. So, the combined application of mg/kg nitrogen along with g/kg of compost increased concentration of iron and manganese.

On the other hand, despite the increase in zinc and copper, the uptake of these two elements in plant were with Irregular changes. It seems, wheat was undergo interactions between the elements and compost by the possible presence of heavy metals and inhibition in biological processes. So, both cultivars showed a positive response to the combined application of nitrogen and compost fertilizers. N , however, was significantly superior to Darya.