نشریه مطالعات توسعه پایدار شهری و روستایی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

Sustainable physical development is related to the interaction between the city and its environmental context and compatibility with environmental indicators in order to reduce the harmful effects of the environment. Sustainable physical development is a transformational process to meet the needs and wants of citizens over time with minimal harm and risk. The main purpose of this study is to study and evaluate how the physical expansion of the metropolis of Ahvaz during the last few decades and to identify suitable substrates for the future physical expansion of the city up to the horizon of 1410. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical development of Ahvaz city and its spatial development model in order to achieve an optimal model for the future development of the city. The importance and necessity of this research is in terms of balanced and balanced development of the city in suitable areas and prevention of environmental degradation and reduction of pollution and urban hazards in Ahvaz metropolis. The studied indicators include: geological, geomorphological, slope, altitude, soil fertility, water table and water networks. This research is exploratory and descriptive in terms of application type and data collection method. For data analysis, Fuzzy and AHP models and Expert Choice, Arc GIS software and land fit zoning map in very high to very low fitness categories have been used. Suitable zones for physical expansion of Ahvaz city have been identified according to natural features and using AHP model. Findings of the research indicate that the most suitable zones for the future development of the city can be divided into five zones based on the ability to physically expand into very high, high, medium, low and very low. As a result, it can be said that according to the natural and infrastructural characteristics of the zones and the evaluations made with the help of the maps obtained in the third scenario, due to the favorable condition of environmental characteristics, infrastructure and land continuity for the cohesion and stability of the city northwest and southwest zones. The city is the most suitable area for sustainable physical development in the future.

In sustainable development planning, approaches based on the local system are necessary. Based on this approach, all development programs are carried out for the people and the benefit of the people. In this plan, economic, social, cultural and political development is making the effort by strengthening social capital. The empowerment plan of local communities with the aim of promoting social capital makes an effort to improve the quality of life, poverty alleviation and job creation in poor communities and ultimately create sustainable development. This article has collected field information using the positivist paradigm and descriptive-analytical method using a questionnaire. The target population is 2549 members of the Ahmadi division Empowerment Fund in 30 target villages. This study was conducted in two time periods (before the establishment and operation of the funds (June 2020) and after the activities of the funds (June and July 2021)). Descriptive findings indicate that women, youth and literate people have been more involved in the establishment of funds. Analytical findings showed that the establishment of funds has been effective in increasing social capital indicators and has been able to strengthen social capital and ultimately sustainable rural development. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of social trust and social capital with a correlation coefficient of 0.456 percent and between the components of social participation and social capital with a correlation coefficient of 0.421 percent and increasing these two components of social capital has been social cohesion. Strengthen the level of development in rural communities by strengthening the components of social capital and hope to lead to sustainable development in rural areas.

Municipal wastewater in Iran also includes surface water that flows in the corners of the streets, in Iranian cities not every complex and house is equipped with a wastewater treatment system, and even large restaurants and shopping centers have a wastewater treatment system and even a They do not have a simple septic tank, and only medical centers may have sewage treatment systems. Sewage disposal is more evident in areas with urban poverty and will lead to safety and public health risks, and the existing sewerage network does not meet the current needs of the city due to wear and tear. Due to the soil texture of Zabol and the lack of water penetration, the drainage level in this city is high so that in areas with digging half to one meter to reach the water. In such conditions, due to soil saturation, there is no water absorption and any sewage and effluent produced is considered as runoff and creates acute environmental and health problems, which has caused many problems for people. Due to the importance of this issue, vulnerable areas and neighborhoods caused by environmental hazards of water and sewage in Zabol city have been identified and prioritized. This research is applied in terms of purpose and based on the nature of descriptive-analytical study. The data required for this research were divided into two categories of data: a) spatial (spatial) and b) non-spatial (descriptive) data. Collecting information and data in the form of documents and libraries and using the studies of consulting engineers and related organizations, as well as extracting data from GIS maps of the city. For data analysis, Arc GIS software and combination with (models, AHP, SAW ANP and fuzzy environment) were used. At a distance from the city, the current refinery is located near the city and unsuitable. Geologically, except for a small area of the city, the whole city is in a bad condition, and in terms of the importance of the soil of the current treatment plant, it is somewhat quite suitable and unsuitable. The vegetation parameter is used to preserve the value of lands and prevent the destruction of forest areas and pastures, and the basis for classifying this parameter is to select the desired location for the treatment plant with the least adverse effect on vegetation

People's participation in the management of urban affairs guarantees the realization of good and worthy urban governance. In urban management, the principle of participation at all levels of decision-making is considered essential. Participation as the most basic element in achieving development goals, especially urban development, is of particular importance. In this study, a comparative evaluation of citizens' participation in urban management in the planned neighborhood of Etemadiyeh and the neighborhood of informal wireless housing in the City of Zanjan has been conducted. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical (survey) and comparative in terms of method. The collected data were analyzed in two parts- descriptive statistics and inferential statistics- using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship among all the features and factors of citizen participation in urban management (citizen participation in urban affairs, cooperation with the municipality and other urban management institutions, citizen participation in civic activities, citizen participation in urban management, status of payment of economic and revenue expenses of the city, status of criticism and presence of urban management performance, status of cooperation and participation in preparing urban plans, participation in voluntary activities in the field of urban management, urban management in the field of citizen participation based on type of participation) on one hand and good and decent urban governance on the other hand. Also, the results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between citizens' participation in planned and prosperous neighborhoods in the city and informal and deprived neighborhoods, and these neighborhoods differed in their participation in urban management.

The role of spatial information and related technologies in risk management is well known around the world. A very important aspect of responding to hazards is to have spatial descriptive information about the current hazard situation in a timely, up-to-date and accurate manner to overcome an emergency. Iran is one of the earthquake-prone countries in the world. In the relative zoning of earthquake risk in Iran, the city of Tabriz is one of the most important cities in Iran, which is in the position of zoning with very high relative risk. The North Tabriz fault is located in the immediate vicinity of the city and in some areas the city has been built along this fault. This fault has been the source of devastating earthquakes throughout history and can once again turn the city into a ruin by reactivating itself. Over the past decades, the city of Tabriz has witnessed extensive physical development that has led to unsafe constructions in the presence of natural disasters (including earthquakes and only to meet the needs of housing in the short term). By identifying danger zones in the city, it is possible to decide on the location of vital arteries in low-risk areas. These areas can be identified using GIS techniques and remote sensing. Hazard zones based on fault line, slope, slope direction, geological structure, land use status and population density were investigated using weighted overlap method in GIS environment. The results showed that in the physical development of Tabriz, the risk will be more to residential areas and in the next category to commercial areas.

Nowadays rural guide design is considered one of the most important management tool rural developments in Iran that mainly considers village’s physical aspects. These designs are aimed at preparing field for revival and guide the village in terms of social, economic and physical and try with providing justice and appropriate facilities that provide relative welfare for villagers. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate rural guide design in the villages of Kermanshah province to incorporate more residents in the procurement process and implementation of the rural guide design. It should be noted that this study also considered the following minor and operational targets are: A) Identify mechanisms and process existing rural design. B) Investigate and determine the factors that caused the deviation from the rural design. C) Identify appropriate ways to incorporate more residents in the process of preparing and implementing the rural areas. The main question of research is: The major effective factors which are accomplishment goals and programs rural guide design? And which aspects of rural life (economic, social, physical, environmental) do is more emphasis in when study and implementation of guide design? The general method in this study was descriptive – analytic and dates used in it mainly through field and are obtained with use of questionnaire instrument. Between 1358 number of rural guide design has been prepared in Kermanshah province, rural guide design has been implemented in 434 villages. Therefore, statistical population in this study includes villages that guide design in them is implemented or is running. In the present research, 19 villages of 434 villages that stages implement of guide design in them have good advances; were evaluated as samples villages. The samples were selected randomly. Research results indicate that guide designs only after conducting physical and are summarized repair pathways. Finally problems of rural guide design in Kermanshah province in preparation stage can to lack of right study and lack of needs actually cognition use of urban patterns in design, lack or shortage of specialists, lack of public participation in preparation design time and lack of attention to quality and overemphasis to quantities and in implement stage to time interval between preparation to implement design can pointed to low budgets and lack of sufficient credits, lack of public participation in design implementation, lack of appropriate management of rural, weak in law enforcement, lack of guarantees of designs implementation and lack of cognition people of guide designs stages.

Villages in each region have almost the same body according to the same influential geographical factors. This body is similar in shape (mountainous, plain, forest, etc.) and different from the body of villages in other areas; However, intra-regional studies indicate that factors within the region can also create rural settlements with different bodies. The present study was conducted with the aim of physical analysis of rural housing in the border strip of Hirmand city of Sistan region. The method of the present study was descriptive-analytical and based on documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study includes 1950 households of 40 villages in the border strip of Hirmand city, which are located in the east of the border road of Hirmand city. In this study, using the Cochran's formula, 321 households from the studied border villages were determined as a sample. By conducting documentary and field studies, research indicators were compiled and measured with a 5- point Likert scale in the questionnaire. Validity of the research questionnaire designed using a panel of experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha test (components of economic dimension 0.893, social dimension 0.755, environmental dimension 0.761 and components of physical difference housing 0.844) Approved. Data analysis was performed using Copras model and ArcGIS and SPSS software and the leveling of villages was examined in terms of physical differences and the severity of the impact of social, economic and environmental factors. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a significant difference (Sig = 0.000) between the dwellings of four rural border types and the results of Scheffe post hoc test showed that all indicators of different dimensions of research have a significant relationship (significance level less than 0.005) are together, but the average high changes in economic indicators indicate the greatest impact on creating a difference in the body of housing in the border villages of Hirmand.