فصلنامه پژوهش های جغرافیایی برنامه ریزی شهری
سال دهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

Cities increasingly face shocks, including severe natural or manufactured disasters, which can lead to casualties, injury, and material, economic or environmental damage. In the theoretical literature of urban planning, strategies such as resilience have been proposed to solve the crisis and the resulting problems so that a resilient city can prepare, recover and adapt to shocks and tensions. To evaluate the degree of resilience and improve its quality, so far, indicators have been presented that sometimes cannot adapt, analogize in all cities and maintain efficiency over time. For this reason, ISO International Standards for Sustainable Cities and Communities (ISO 37120) and (ISO 37122) and then in completing them, integrated the standards of resilient cities (ISO 37123) that aim to track and monitor the progress of cities towards resilience and organizing in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework to reduce the risk of crisis. This is an applied development research during which ISO's international standards for resilient cities and communities have been implemented to survey Moghadam neighborhood of Tehran municpality district 17 in terms of conformity with said standards and also provide executive approaches to promote the resilience of the neighborhood. For this purpose, in addition to preparing analytical maps of the space organization based on the dimensions of resilience in the GIS environment, the desired resilience indicators have been prepared in the form of semi-structured questionnaires and interviews and the required data have been collected. The statistical population of the study includes urban management, specialists, and experts in the field of crisis management. Thus, the resilience status of the study area based on standard indicators (ISO 37123) in governance and urban planning dimensions has been tracked, and using quantitative and qualitative research findings, appropriate solutions to improve resilience in the Moqadam neighborhood have been proposed.

The Baghshahri space plays an important role as a "safety net" and secondary food supply and guarantee of local food resources in times of crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic when global supply chains are severely affected. Therefore, the purpose of the research based on the previous discussions is the beginning of a way to answer the question of how to interpret the role of garden spaces on sustainable food governance. In terms of purpose, the present research is practical and in terms of method, it is a type of research design with a structural-interpretive model, which is considered as an exploratory mixed research design due to the greater importance of qualitative data. Data collection was done in the form of survey and library studies. The statistical population of the research included 140 households of the respondents who identified themselves as owners of Bagshahr, and the sample number was 35 owners of Bagshahr and mainly garden owners according to the conditions of cooperation. The sampling method was simple random sampling. The findings showed that in order to achieve a coherent mechanism in providing "food governance based on the garden system", we need to strengthen the management of water resources in the areas of development and increase the efficiency in agricultural production through the existence of creativity and innovation in farmers. Other challenges that affect successful urban agriculture include land tenure insecurity, land use conflicts, water access, weak regulatory frameworks to support agriculture, and insufficient financial resources to maintain or set up a production garden. Despite our findings of the weak contribution of Bagh Shahr in the production system; Supporting food security and food diversity within these spaces will be a valuable global and national challenge in the near future.

In the last few years, various concepts of urban-regional spatial structure have been developed and the spatial structure of big cities has exhibited multi-core characteristics. The phenomenon of polycentric is inherent in metropolises, and studies indicate more efficiency and the effect of quantitative methods in identifying functional nuclei. The time frame of this research was cross-sectional and sample data of Kermanshah metropolis, statistical block and land use of the existing situation and comprehensive plan zoning. The variables of this research included 8 major urban uses. Spatial analysis and measurement of the density of mixed uses in Kermanshah metropolis has shown the existence of new sub-centers in regions 1, 3 and 4. In addition to the historical and old core of the city, there are two dense cores of mixed activities in areas 3, 1 and 4 between areas 5 and 8. Of course, the types of services provided in the sub-centric of the metropolis have a regional scale compared to the central core of the city and have been created to meet some of the daily needs of citizens at this level of access. The spatial distribution of commercial and administrative activities shows the concentration of most of these activities in the central core of the city; However, sub-centric in areas 5 and 8 can also be considered as a core in the southeast. The development pattern of residential activity has differences with other activities and that is the formation of several cores other than area 1 as a physical core; In other words, other residential cores have been formed as competitors in areas 6, 5, 4 and 2, which can play an effective role in the formation of other sub-cores.

Public spaces such as sidewalks, parks and playgrounds are places for socializing children. Preparing the urban space for children both increases their social responsibilities for urban life, makes them more respectful of the urban environment and spaces in the future, and also more diligent in its maintenance. For this purpose, the present study has been compiled with the aim of analyzing the child friendly city indicators in Ahvaz Metropolis.The present Study is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The method of data collection is documentary and field. The results of the fit indices of the first-order factor analysis model indicate the confirmation of all indicators (children’s safety and ease of movement; children’s security; children's playground space; access to services, education and culture; and child friendly city).According to the results obtained from structural equations, it can also be said that the path coefficient between safety and ease of children's movement; children’s security; children's playground space; access to services, education and culture; and child friendly city are respectively equal to 0.244,; 176/0; 225/0 and 194/0; And because these values are greater than 1.96; Therefore, the relationship of all indicators with the child friendly city is significant. The results of Friedman test also showed that the significance level obtained from Friedman test is less than 0.05, so there is a difference between the mean rank of research variables at 95% confidence level (p = 0.001); In other words, the priority of child friendly city indicators in the eight districts of Ahvaz was not the same from the perspective of research samples.

The use of new technologies in the smart city, especially in urban spaces, is increasing day by day; Although most of these technologies have been accepted and praised as a sign of progress in life and a method for the comfort of living in cities, however, some people think that technologies have created disturbances in the city where they live. Therefore, in the implementation of the smart city, the opinions of the citizens and their concerns should be considered. The current descriptive-analytical research, using survey tools to achieve the goal of developing an attachment to urban places, seeks to answer the question of what is the relationship between emotional attachment to a place that is raised in two dimensions, traditional and active, with the adoption of smart technologies, especially In a case study, does it have an atmosphere? For the statistical population of Tabriz city, which is equal to 1593373 people, the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 384 people. The reliability of the questions with Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.88. Statistical software was used for analysis. The findings showed that the dimensions of daily monitoring technologies, empowering technologies, Covid-19 monitoring technologies, and active attachment with the influence coefficient of 0.412, 0.385, 0.316, and 0.301 had the greatest effects on location attachment with smart city technologies. and the lowest impact is related to attachment to a traditional place with a value of -0.191. As a result, the more the quality of monitoring (health) technologies and empowerment, of the technology of monitoring Covid-19, is improved, the level of attachment in the city of Tabriz will be improved in the same proportion.

The indiscriminate constructions and residential and administrative constructions of the 7th district of Tehran municipality have caused the changes and developments of this area not to proceed in a logical and orderly manner; The results of such a process are many anomalies and visual disturbances that have occurred in the image and body of urban spaces; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to express the need to know the indicators of the beautification of the 7th district of Tehran and to identify the key factors affecting the state of urban vitality; which has used survey and descriptive-analytical research methods. The statistical population of this research is the 7th district of Tehran Municipality, where 200 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The reliability of research indicators was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was more than 70% for all research factors, and Bartlett's test was used to measure the validity of the research. The findings of the research showed that the first hypothesis of the research that the beautification of urban spaces is undesirable in the studied area has been confirmed and requires more effort from city managers. In other words, the findings obtained from the t-test showed; The significance level for all factors is P=0.000>0.05; Therefore, the first hypothesis is confirmed; The second hypothesis was the effect of the beautification factors of urban spaces on vitality in the study area, the findings showed that according to the critical ratio of each of the beautification factors affecting the vitality of urban spaces, which is above 1.5 and the value of the p statistic that is separate for each The factors of the beautification of roads and sidewalks, the structure and arrangement of buildings and urban furniture have been investigated, leading to urban vitality, and the mentioned hypothesis is also confirmed.

In the current research, a comparative comparison of women's perception of security in traditional and new neighbourhoods has been made, because it seems that traditional neighbourhoods have not been able to provide women with a sense of security due to excessive wear and tear and new neighbourhoods due to the neglect of designers towards social issues. The research method was descriptive, analytical and based on documentary studies and field surveys. Therefore, at first, environmental security variables were extracted from reliable domestic and foreign sources, and then they were distributed in the form of a questionnaire in the Niaish settlement and the old context of Bushehr city. The number of questionnaires based on Cochran's formula was 196, which was considered to be approximately 200. Next, the data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed with the help of a factor analysis model and linear multivariate regression. The findings of the research show that the seven factors of "no visual disturbance", "observability", "environmental comfort", "lively use", "visibility", "environmental quality" and "environmental release" respectively have the greatest impact on the perception of women's security in They have urban areas. Also, the comparison of the two areas under study shows that although the physical, economic and social characteristics of Niayesh town and the old context of Bushehr city are completely different, in general, both areas are of average quality in terms of women's sense of security. More detailed investigations also show that the weakness of the Niayesh settlement is in the factors of environmental comfort and lively use, and the weakness of the old fabric is in the factors of environmental quality and visual disturbance.

Spatial organization is based on a perceptual-functional process in which the elements are logically connected and thus the knowledge of place is obtained. The morphology of the housing architecture pattern also shows the adaptation of architectural patterns based on neighborhood architecture and has led to the formation of a whole unit called neighborhood architecture. This important issue has been neglected in intermediate projects and housing has lost its connection with the neighborhood architecture. The purpose of this study is to explain the qualitative criteria for configuring the housing model with a historical context based on the center-neighborhood spatial organization. Accordingly, the research faces two main questions. What are the characteristics of the spatial organization of neighborhood centers in the historical context of Kashan? And how can the center-neighborhood provide the basis for organizing contemporary housing? The research method is qualitative. In the field of methodology, library studies and data analysis based on field study in five neighborhoods and five historical houses in Kashan have been used. The analyzes were performed in GIS and Depth Map environments. Based on the findings, the five indicators of land use distribution, distance from the center to the surrounding elements, access hierarchy, permeability and open space, have the greatest impact on housing spatial organization, with a ratio of neighborhood architecture to house architecture of 1.29, 02, respectively. / 5, 2.27, 3.61, 0.0018 and 1.38. The result shows that intermediate housing can provide the basis for organizing housing architecture in the historical context.

The absence of an evaluation mechanism in the planning system has caused, after the implementation of the plans and projects for the reconstruction of the ancient cultural-historical contexts, no effort to be made to evaluate such programs, and the consequences of these plans should be addressed and addressed. The current research aims to measure and evaluate the cultural-social regeneration project of public spaces with the approach of improving the environmental quality and identity of neighborhoods in the historical walkways of Kashan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and structural equations and sample t-test were exerted to analyze the data. The results of the t-test exam showed that the status of neighborhood authenticity, sense of belonging, and aesthetics indicators in the studied area are unfavorable and below the average level of quality. The evaluation of each indicator of social interactions, livability, and security of the neighborhoods showed that the indicators are in a semi-optimal state. Also, the results of the second-order factor model showed that giving importance to the regeneration index in the studied neighborhoods increased the security index to 0.98, the sense of belonging index to 0.94, the livability index to 0.74, the neighborhood authenticity index to 0.49, the social interactions index to 0.44, and the aesthetic index to 0.34. Therefore, today, one-dimensional importance to urban regeneration projects in neighborhoods cannot alone lead to success in urban spaces. A coherent, continuous, and desirable structure should always be considered from all physical-visual, functional, perceptual, semantic, and environmental dimensions. The needs of citizens are prioritized.

The present study is aimed at explaining the spatial organization of the Khuzestan province system Settlement with emphasis on the role of oil. Oil has been the primary mechanism of formation of the Khuzestan Space organization for the last hundred years and has influenced other mechanisms. It is seen primarily as urbanization and polarization of population and activity. In the analytical field, firstly, using the spatial organization analysis models such as the class difference model and the nearest neighborhood model as well as the first urban indicators, the spatial organization of Khuzestan province is examined, and then to measure the impact of oil on the spatial organization. Housing System of Khuzestan Province Indicators their spatial distribution maps were prepared and analyzed in the form of three selected economic, social and physical variables. A system of information flows and communications and services and population movements under the influence of state bureaucracy have divided the province into the eastern and western or the oil and non-oil divisions. Spatial disequilibrium patterns in the Khuzestan province's oil-affected Settlement system in urban areas, severe imbalances in urban hierarchies, the weak role of middle cities, and thus the concentration of services commensurate with the distribution of deprived and marginalized populations of marginal and marginal cities. The spatial balance in the villages is the emptying of the villages in the eastern half of the province and the concentration of large villages in the western half.

The growth of Tehran's urbanization is a political-spatial phenomenon, which should be considered a suitable model considering the goal of providing a suitable model of urban cooperation in the spatial-political dimension of the city. According to the indicators of good urban governance, justice and participation can move as fundamental factors in the direction of the progress and justice of the urban space. The research method to answer the main question is a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative). Data was collected using a combined method (library and field), and SPSS software was exploited to analyze the research data. Also, a questionnaire completed by experts in the urban area was used to find a pattern of urban governance. These data were evaluated using the Likert scale, and eventually, one-sample t-tests and factor analysis methods were exerted. The results show that among the indicators, justice, equality, and participation in Tehran are better than other indicators. The indicators of transparency, law-oriented, and accountability are evaluated below the average level from the experts' point of view. Therefore, they need to be in better condition. Finally, the model of good urban governance can be a new theory in responding to new expectations and responsibilities and a suitable management document for the authorities, with the help of which they can achieve sustainable urban development.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the new city of Alishahr on the surrounding settlements and to study the future of these effects to draw its different futures from the perspective of different scenarios. In this research, to identify the key factors, after two stages of screening, 54 variables were finally identified in the form of eight indicators, and the future research method was used in the form of mix-and-match analysis and scenario writing. For this research, the opinions of the Delphi group and the snowball sampling method were used. According to the findings of this research, nine important key factors include changes in commercial and residential uses; the Hadi plan for the surrounding villages of the new city; the road network of surrounding settlements; changes in the construction and settlement of the surrounding areas; urbanism of villagers; Communication ways of surrounding settlements; physical expansion of the new city towards the surrounding cities; The access of surrounding settlements to communication and telecommunication means and the location of the village about the road were identified. According to the results obtained from the scenario wizard, there are six compatible and identical scenarios regarding the effects of the new city of Aalishahr on peri-urban areas. The findings of this research allow the policymakers, planners and regional managers to have a better understanding of the future conditions to be able to create more favourable and reasonable conditions of urban development while maintaining the aspect draw the life of peri-urban areas in the future and make decisions about it, this will bring closer the conditions of sustainability in the current conditions with the possibility of achieving sustainability in the future