نشریه پاسخ
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1401)

By analyzing the political behavior of scholars, it is necessary to pay attention to the contexts and conditions of their time. It is not possible to expect scholars to have the same performance in different situations and times when facing social and political issues. This principle should also be taken into consideration in the interaction between Haj Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri and Reza Shah. Ayatollah Haeri's political approach against a despotic and irrational person like Reza Shah clearly shows that his smart measures were very effective in preserving Islam and protecting the emerging seminary of Qom. Although the issue of uncovering the hijab was considered very important, it was more important to preserve the basis of religion and the newly established area of Qom. According to Reza Shah's behaviorism, in the issue of removing the hijab, Hajj Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri did not consider the severity of action and rebellion against the government to be effective.

Throughout the history of Shiism, the committed clergy have performed very important tasks in the direction of the intellectual and religious guidance of Muslims, including: fighting the domination of the enemies of Islam in various political and social dimensions, especially after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, which was much more sensitive. From the perspective of the founder of the Islamic Republic, Imam Khomeini, and the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei, the main mission of the clergy is to maintain the revolutionary mood and defend the values of the Islamic Revolution. From the point of view of the leader of the revolution, revolutionism is one of the inherent and permanent features of the Islamic revolution. Therefore, the survival of the Islamic Republic system is also the result of the Islamic Revolution. Without maintaining the revolutionary mood, it is not possible to follow the values of the Islamic Revolution. Preservation of this important element will be possible only with the presence and pioneering of the committed clergy through sincere and continuous communication with the people, as well as vigilance against the conspiracies of the influential elements of the enemies of Islam and the revolution.

The issue of "the relationship between the seminary and the Islamic government" is one of the most important political issues in contemporary history. This is especially important because of the establishment of the Islamic Republic by the clergy. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to answer the question: "How is the relationship between the seminary and the Islamic government analyzed from the perspective of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei?" The result is that from the opinions of the Supreme Leader, the political groups of the seminary are generally they are divided into two groups, those who are in favor and those who are against the revolution. The relationship between the group in favor of the revolution in the seminary and the government should be close, interactive and supportive. The group who are in favor of the revolution respond to four doubts: violation of the seminary's independence, distance from education, de-sanctification of the seminary and the clergy, and suspicion of the government's clergy.

Revolutionism is among the missions of divine prophets, which has transferred the true heirs (scholars and clergy), as a stable and lasting legacy. The history of Islam has always witnessed the rule of such a mood in the seminaries and true scholars. However, with the passage of time, some factors cause seminaries and clergy to move away from this approach. This deviation should be recognized in time. Infact, by the proper awareness, it is possible to prevent the clerical community from falling into this abyss that prevents it from fulfilling its inherent mission. The most important deviations are secularism, a departure from the lifestyle of a seminary student, lack or weakness of political awareness and insight, influence of deviant sects, predominance of factional, group, and family affiliations, conservatism and indifference towards political-social issues, as well as weak communication between revolutionary forces.

The religious nature of the Islamic Republic system and the role and responsibility of the clergy (as an institution responsible for religion and guardian of Islamic rules and values) entails the necessity of the presence of the clergy in the political, social and administrative spheres. It has always been discussed and disputed from the past until today, and with the emergence of some problems and shortcomings, doubts have been raised about it. Therefore, re-reading the necessity of the political management of the clergy, drawing the needs and harms. A fair analysis of the presence of the clergy in the management fields during the life of the Islamic Republic shows that despite all the obstacles, shortcomings and enmities, the clergy, with the trust of the people and social capital, has been able to survive in various fluctuations and in the face of crises. If the clergy was not present in the political and social fields, perhaps the crises that could make any political system face a serious challenge and even the risk of collapse. Consequently, the transformation of the Islamic identity and the value of the system was not far from expectations.

By establishing and renovating the seminary of Qom, Ayatollah Haeri took a profound cultural action to strengthen the religion of Islam and the Ahl al-Bayt school. For 15 years, during the tumultuous period of the Reza Khan's dictatorship, he managed this emerging and holy theological field, enduring the overwhelming problems, well and in a worthy manner. With patience, tolerance, sufficiency and tact, he did his deep scientific and cultural work and trained hardworking and great students who were able to play a distinguished role in the political and social developments of the great and vast country of Iran. Among them were the great Ayatollahs: Seyed Sadr al-Din Sadr, Seyed Mohammad Taqi Khansari, Seyed Mohammad Hojjat, Seyed Mohammad Reza Golpayegani, Sheikh Mohammad Ali Araki, and especially Imam Khomeini. Imam Khomeini who was able to lead the glorious Islamic revolution until the final victory. During the Islamic revolution, the powerful seminary of Qom is considered one of the main factors of its victory.