مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در گزارشگری مالی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Companies can raise capital in order to provide the liquidity needed to develop activities and projects, and to do so, they are required to approve a capital raising prospectus. Investors consider stock returns to decide whether to participate in a corporate capital raising plan. There are several factors that affect stock returns, the study of which can be effective in predicting stock returns. Therefore, this research studied the response of investors to management forecasts of changes in non-current operating assets (CNCOA) resulting from capital raising. The population constitutes of the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) or Iran Farabourse co; the sample was chosen using some criteria (702 firm-year). The hypotheses were examined by generalized least squares (GLS). The results show that management forecasts of changes in non-current operating assets in the capital raising prospectus have a significant inverse relationship with abnormal future stock return. Furthermore, all components of CNCOA have information content for the market followed by underreact ion.

Risk sentiment affects the estimation of risk by investors and their decision making. This research reports the results of the experimental investigation of the risk sentiment of the annual reports of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, as well as the simultaneous relationship between the risk sentiment of the annual reports and the company's market value, along with the effect of compiling the management's interpretive report. In this regard, the aim of the upcoming research is investigation the two-way relationship between the risk sentiment of the annual reports and the market value of 130 companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the system of simultaneous equations was estimated using the two-stage regression method, and the risk sentiment of the annual reports was calculated using the content analysis method. After observing and testing the information of 1690 - the company in the time period of 2019-2018, the estimation results show the existence of a two-way relationship between the risk sentiment of annual reports and Q-tobin ratio in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the relationship between the risk sentiment of annual reports and the price-to-earnings ratio and the equity market value ratio has a significant difference compared to the influence of the management's interpretive report.

The main purpose of this study is to explain the effect of intra-organizational factors (firm characteristics, board structure, and audit committee structure) on financial fraud in listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve this purpose, 1606 firm-year (146 firms for 11 years) observations collected from the annual financial reports of listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2010 to 2020 have been tested. The results of logit multivariate regression analysis show that firm size, firm liquidity, firm age, firm growth opportunity, firm profitability, board independence, audit committee independence, and audit committee financial expertise have a negative and significant effect on financial fraud. However, the debt ratio and the CEO tenure have a positive and significant effect on financial fraud. The results also show that statistically board size, audit committee existence, and audit committee size do not have a significant effect on financial fraud.

Public universities in Iran prepare financial statements according to the legal requirements and public sector accounting standards. However, these financial statements accompanied by the annual activity reports are not the same as the annual reports prepared in economic sectors. Preparation of such reports is mandatory in the articles of association of some universities. Our purpose is to design a framework for the annual reporting of universities so that the stakeholders can have coherent and transparent information about the various fields of the university. This study is an applied research conducted through document analysis, content analysis and survey. First, by reviewing the annual reports of twenty universities, we do a content analysis and identify components of the annual reports of the universities. Then, in order to validate the framework of the annual report, we use 28 experts’ opinions collected through a questionnaire in order to present our proposed framework for the annual reporting. Our results show that providing information in the fields of education, research, innovation, health, art, social, environmental, safety, communication and information technology, supporting activities, industry, ceremony, awards, survey, ranking, demographic information, infrastructures, human resources, governance and financial components are useful for stakeholders. Also, research information, infrastructures, and revenue and expense information are the most important components. Our research presents an annual reporting framework for universities for the first time in Iran and adds to the existing literature regarding integrated reporting.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of stock market development on the political and ethical aspects of management behaviors (including: optimistic, short-sighted behaviors, agency cost, profit management and political costs caused by managers' behavior) in companies listed in the Tehran stock exchange. For this purpose, five hypotheses for investigating this issue were compiled and data related to 140 stock exchange member companies for the time period between 2008 and 2021 (consisting of two capital market periods including 2008-2014 and 2015-2021). It was investigated and analyzed. The regression model of the research was examined and tested using panel data method with fixed effects approach and logistic regression method. The results of the research showed that among managers' opportunistic behaviors, optimistic behaviors, representation and profit management under the influence of stock market development in the second period of the capital market decrease more than in the first period and are affected by the increasing effect of stock market development. On the other hand, the results confirm that the short-sighted behavior of managers was not affected by the development of the stock market in the second period of the capital market compared to the first period. In addition, the results indicate that the political cost caused by the managers' behavior under the influence of the stock market development in the second period of the capital market decreases more than the first period, and under the influence, there was an increasing effect of the stock market development.

Auditing is done with the purpose of creating confidence in the financial statements, and the auditors' comments show the extent to which the audited financial statements are free of distortions and errors. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing the opinion model of independent auditors with the grounded theory approach. The qualitative research method is based on theorization of the grounded theory, to collect the information from semi-structured interviews and analysis of the information was done using the Strauss and Corbin method. Sampling was done by theoretical method and using targeted-judgment and snowball techniques, based on which 23 interviews were conducted. The results of the analysis obtained from the interviews, during the process of open, central and selective coding, led to the presentation of the model of the auditors' comments based on theorization of the Grounded Theory, including 6 categories and 41 concepts. Based on the model of auditors' opinions, financial managers, by understanding and identifying the causal factors affecting auditors' opinions and improving the background conditions, can implement strategies in order to achieve an audit opinion at an acceptable level and with Adopt the desired quality while considering the interfering conditions.

Financial supervision in the country's public sector budget is carried out in order to check the implementation and prevent deviations of the government's financial operations from the goals set in the program and to correct possible deviations, which is important and has a decisive role in the health of the country's financial system. The purpose of this research was to design a framework for intelligent financial monitoring in the accounting and reporting system of the country's public sector. According to the purpose and nature, this research was a qualitative research in terms of method, which was conducted by using the approach based on the theory of foundation data and by interviewing research experts. The statistical population was university professors in the field of accounting and senior auditors of the Ministry of Finance and the Audit Bureau. In this study, the saturation state was obtained by interviewing twelve university professors in the field of accounting and senior auditors of the Ministry of Finance and the Court of Accounts. The results showed that the main categories of the intelligent financial monitoring include resources and human capital, content factors, in-service training, use of new information and communication technologies, environmental factors, risk management. , business operating system, regulatory mechanisms and structural components, and according to the central categories, causal conditions, contextual conditions and intervening conditions, strategies have been developed and the final framework has been presented. Also, infrastructural factors, human resources and modern technologies are important elements of smart surveillance in this era.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managerial caution on significant distortions of the auditors' report adjustment basis and also to investigate the moderating effect of managerial ability on this relationship. The data used include 130 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2020. Logistic regression model based on panel data was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses show that managerial caution has a positive effect on significant distortions of the auditor's report. The present study also shows that the manager's ability has a positive effect on significant distortions of the auditor's report adjustment basis, which supports from an opportunistic perspective of the manager's ability. This view has received less attention in related research. Finally, the moderating effect of manager's ability on the relationship between managerial caution and significant distortions of the auditor's report adjustment basis was examined and not confirmed. Conclusion the ability of the manager has a positive effect on significant distortions of the auditor's report adjustment basis, but cannot moderate the relationship between managerial caution and significant distortions. This finding shows that the positive effect of caution actions on investment efficiency and improving the performance of companies, which has been confirmed in previous research, is changing in inflationary economies such as Iran.

Fraud is the most serious threat to the public interest and capital markets. Due to the lack of information about the phenomenon of fraud and the lack of a complete theoretical framework in the country, the aim of this study was to develop a Pattern of factors affecting the occurrence of fraud in the financial statements of Iranian companies. The present study is based on the theme analysis through purposeful interviews with 21 experts who have cooperated with regulatory and judicial authorities in important cases in investigating the fraud of some Iranian fraudulent companies; It has been done during the years 2020 to 2021. In this study, the reasons affecting the occurrence of fraud in the financial statements of Iranian companies in: 1- Personality factors, personal characteristics and tendencies (narcissism / overconfidence, ethics and commitment, motivation / pressure, justification and personal characteristics), 2- Factors Structure (organizational environment and culture, management (incompetence and motivation / pressure), opportunity / organizational context and 3- macro-organizational factors (economic-industrial and socio-political) along with a subset of each factor, were identified. fraud rhombus, fraud pentagon and other patterns that have been proposed so far on individual factors affecting fraud, The findings of this study are proposed to the Standards Development Committee in order to revise the auditing standard No. 240 and to assist regulatory bodies in identifying the causes of occurrence and combating the phenomenon of fraud.

Research literature shows that organizational decision-making is a fundamental issue in corporate governance. Due to the type of organizational structure of business groups and, consequently, the role of central management and subsidiaries in the decision-making process, it is possible that the distribution of organizational decision-making rights in these groups is affected by the cost of knowledge transfer (in conditions of centralized decision-making) and the cost agencies (in decentralized decision-making conditions) and have economic consequences such as the inefficiency of the internal capital markets of business groups. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the non-linear relationship between organizational concentration and the efficiency of internal capital markets of business groups in resource allocation and performance considering environmental uncertainty. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the information of 18 business groups, whose main companies are listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange or OTC, were collected during the years 2015 to 2022 and analyzed using multiple regression analysis based on panel data. it placed. The findings of the research show that organizational concentration has a non-linear relationship with the efficiency of resource allocation and the efficiency of the internal capital markets of business groups. Also, the findings show that environmental uncertainty modifies the nonlinear relationship of organizational focus with the efficiency of resource allocation and the efficiency of the internal capital markets of groups.

In recent years, the synchronization of stock prices has been one of the significant topics for analysts, investors, and other stakeholders. Although the results about the simultaneity of stock prices indicate the influence of several factors on it, one of these factors is media coverage. The role of the media in the economy has long been debated. The media help reduce information asymmetries by discovering new insights about companies or publishing company-specific news to a wider audience, thus influencing pricing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between media coverage and stock price synchronicity by considering the moderating role of corporate governance and information transparency of companies. To achieve the research goal, a sample of 141 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013 to 2019 was selected and the hypotheses were tested using regression models. The results of the first hypothesis of the study showed that media coverage does not have a negative and significant effect on stock price synchrony. The results of the second and third hypotheses of the research also indicate that corporate governance and information transparency do not have a negative effect on the above relationship.