فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، پاییز 1401)

Land use subject and optimization patterns are one of the basic urban issues that human beings are always offering models and solutions to maximize the use of land and its capabilities in a variety of applications. On the other hand, optimizing medical land use will facilitate individuals' access to services and it Cause spatial justice all around the city. The main purpose of this research is the location optimizing of medical land use and, in particular way hospitals in urban areas.In addition, this goal in terms of locating criteria is responsive to the needs of citizens and being in a good position.The case study for this research was the 17th district of Tehran. District 17 has a small size, high population density, and small grain, which means this district is facing many problems with providing service levels. Also, the lack of public services has become one of the main factors in reducing the population in this district. Moreover, medical land use as one of the most basic service levels in the region has 0.16 m per capita, which is lower than the standard per capita and the per capita of Tehran city. The data of this study were collected on a map of the city and analyzed by the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the application of the Boolean logic method, by integrating the information layers on the final map. Then the appropriate hospital deployment areas are determined. Ultimately, by genetic algorithm (GA), the optimal and best answer for solving this problem has been derived by defining multiple functions and using MATLAB software. The results of an analysis of the current situation of medical land use in the 17th district of Tehran indicate that the current spatial distribution of medical land use is showing a lack of proper access for citizens. This area has a severe shortage of medical land use that causes the optimal location of the medical land use and specifically the hospital to be on the main agenda of this research. In conclusion, the results of the research show that the proposed method, while considering populations, neighborhoods, land characteristics, and access, finds the best place for therapeutic use. Therefore, it can be effectively used to locate optimal therapeutic use.

Sometimes the construction, integration and localization of specialized concepts from other sciences can be helpful for researchers in understanding political and international relations. In fact, one of the benefits used in the geopolitical system is the concept of connectography. Global transport, energy and communications infrastructure that facilitate the supply chain, especially in large cities by creating wide corridors of economic exchange, create a network of global civilization with complex dynamics of power. Political boundaries are blurred. They are fading and the formation of "global supply chains" is becoming the most important source of power for countries. With these explanations,

in the present study, we intend to use the mentioned concept and in the framework of neo-regionalism theory, to examine the impact of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China in the form of three strategies of economic diplomacy, peripheralism and petro-yuan on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic

Decades of international sanctions have prevented the allocation of funds to new projects and the attraction of global investors. In this situation, the railway lines are also damaged. Until recently, Iran has spent a lot of effort to increase its railway lines by 200 km annually. Currently, attitudes towards the Iranian railway industry have changed. With the possibility of the cancellation of international sanctions and the presence of western and eastern investors in Iran, the country's authorities plan to add more than two thousand kilometers to the country's railway track annually in the next five years, which will certainly affect Iran's regional role and position. will improve even more.

The main challenge of Iran's foreign policy strategy in the region in the current situation is how to establish a kind of balance and compatibility between the two issues of strengthening "regional cooperation" and "deterring threats from the region". The solution to this issue is to design a third strategy in Iran's foreign policy, which is able to establish a kind of balance between the strategic limitations caused by the necessity of playing the role of other regional and extra-regional actors for Iran, on the one hand, and taking into account the country's existing economic resources. On the other hand, to play a continuous and expensive presence in the form of a big game.

The growing population in the urban geographical zoning of developing countries, along with the inefficiency of social and economic programs, and especially social justice, has consequences that increase crime and delinquency is one of the most important. In such a way that the "conditions of the place" are very important in the presence or absence, spread or nonspread of the crime. For this reason, trying to develop sustainable urban security by identifying effective factors in crime prevention and ways to promote it has become one of the challenges for planners, officials and researchers in related fields. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the development of sustainable security through the crime prevention model in District 17 of Tehran. Accordingly, the research method is descriptive, analytical and exploratory. 48 sub-variables of socio-cultural, economic, environmental and institutional factors extracted from in-depth semi-structural interviews (grounded theory) with 25 experts in the fields of judiciary, law enforcement, sociology and urban planning and integration with existing literature based on opinions Experts were identified and these factors were weighed through a fuzzy structural equation model (Mick McFuzzy Linguistic) in the framework of an Excel questionnaire and a survey of 50 experts, and then the findings were analyzed. The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed based on the opinion of experts and referring to the research literature. According to the research findings, 10 subvariables of unemployment, socio-economic development, poverty and inequality, addiction, life satisfaction, social education, family cohesion, social participation, road network and access and light and light pollution as key factors in prevention Were selected from the crime. The results indicate the undeniable effects of social and economic anomalies in crime prevention in the region, and policymakers should develop crime prevention interventions with regard to such results.

Urban development has affected the quantitative and qualitative decline of water resources. Due to the high subsidence in the southwest of Tehran (about 25 cm per year) because of groundwater depletion and bad water resources management, the Kan basin was considered as a case study. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and explain the position of institutional stakeholders in water resources and cycle management and urban development of the geography of the catchment area from a social perspective and the role of water-sensitive urban design in resolving inter-institutional conflicts.

In this paper, first, urban geography will be studied from the perspective of stakeholder analysis. Then, by studying and presenting a framework, changes in the position of stakeholders in an urban environment over time are investigated. The conflicts between stakeholders in urban geography will be studied regarding the management and engineering of urban water resources. Stakeholder Analysis (SA) and Likert scale (1-5), stakeholders' position and Social Network Analysis (SNA) in Gephi software, institutional relationships' type, and intensity were estimated.

The SA results showed that the power and interest parameters of the Tehran Regional Water Authority (4.026 and 4.282) and Tehran Municipality (3.42 and 3.78) were higher than the other organizations. Besides, the proximity of the values of these two institutions with different utilities indicates a potential conflict. The results of SNA also showed that in the cooperation network, the highest and lowest degrees (Degree) have the Tehran Water and Waste Water Co. and the Tehran Municipality, respectively, which indicates the low interaction of development institutions, especially the Tehran Municipality. Also, in the conflict network, Tehran Regional Water Authority, and Tehran Municipality have the highest degree, and Roads and Urban Development and Health and Medical Education Authority have the lowest degree. Therefore, the high inter-institutional conflict between municipal development and regional water protection institutions indicates the actualization of the conflict ground that was potentially identified with the SA approach.

In this paper, the conflicts between stakeholders in urban geography are studied regarding the management and engineering of urban water resources. Then, using a case study, namely the western part of Tehran, some of the most important conflicts in an urban environment are identified using social network analysis. In other words, in this study, the reasons for the conflict between developing and protecting stakeholders in an urban environment using stakeholder analysis are presented, social network analysis is considered to identify and determine the level of conflict, and Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)- based approaches are introduced as an essential approach not only to solve the physical problems related to urban water cycle but also as a conflict resolution tool in an urban area. The applicability of the presented approach is studied in the western part of the Tehran metropolitan.

For more than three decades, the social component of sustainability has lagged behind the environmental and economic components. The study of social sustainability in Iran is important in several ways. Our traditional neighborhoods were once a safe environment with comfort for its inhabitants. Bushehr city has many actual and potential capacities in terms of social aspects. Among the most important social features of this city can be the special local language, special local clothes, warm and hospitable spirit of the people, special Bushehr music, sea ritual in Bushehr port, folk traditions of Muharram. In the past, the tradition of holding these ceremonies, helping and trusting each other and a sense of belonging among the people has been more prominent and social values are declining.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by receiving the opinion of a 5-member expert group and the reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha test for the first 30 questionnaires that were obtained more than 0.7. Then, with an error of 0.7, the sample size with Cochran's formula was equal to 196 people. In order to increase the accuracy of the study, 201 questionnaires were considered for the three neighborhoods of Sangi, Shekari and Ashuri. The share of each neighborhood was 67 questionnaires. The sampling method was purposeful sampling. Then, the data was entered into SPSS software and evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression.

According to the findings, 22 indicators of social sustainability can be divided into 6 factors: "interaction and social capital", "quality of life and institutional trust", "equality and social justice", "satisfaction and social security", "social health" and "Physical resilience" categorized that in total, they explain more than 67% of the variance of neighborhood social sustainability. The regression model also shows that the factors of "interaction and social capital", "physical resilience" and "quality of life and final trust" have the greatest impact on residents' satisfaction with the neighborhood, respectively. The findings of this study are consistent with the research of Raj et al. (2018) and Hosseinpour (1399). Despite the emphasis of Larimian et al. (2020) and Abdullah Zadeh et al. (2017) on the high priority of the quality factor of urban design, the indicators related to this factor (the amount of walking and cycling, the level of satisfaction with public spaces) In the present study, they have been placed in the priorities of effectiveness for the third time and later. This issue can be due to burnout, disorder and lack of implementation projects in the target areas of the present study, which has caused factors such as resilience to have a greater priority in achieving social sustainability.

The results of statistical analysis on the target neighborhoods have shown that Ashuri neighborhood has the highest social sustainability and Shekari neighborhood is in low condition. Regarding Ashuri neighborhood, according to the indicators that are in the first factor (interaction and social capital), the reasons for the superiority of this neighborhood is that the residence time of the respondents is longer than other neighborhoods, which causes There has been an increase in the sense of belonging to the neighborhood and the interaction of people with each other. Due to the existence of several mosques in this neighborhood, people's participation in religious activities is very high, which has led to increased social interaction, trust in each other and a sense of belonging.

This study was conducted with the aim of recognizing and classifying those structural criteria in the traditional houses of Ardabil which were effectively compatible with the climate of the region. To this end, a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. Based on the frequency percentages of indices in the samples under investigation, the structural criteria compatible with the climate of the region were close to each other. They were generally classified in 5 classes, wherein the indices of outer space, inner spaces, and spatial details were of paramount importance.