فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 54 (تابستان 1402)

This study aimed to explain the resilience model based on purposeful life and quality of relationships mediated by spiritual health in the face of stress conditions caused by Covid-19 disease. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and the data collection method was a descriptive correlation. The study's statistical population was family members of patients with Covid-19 disease who lived in Tehran. The sample consisted of 300 family members of patients with Covid-19 disease who participated in the study through available sampling and online methods. Data collection instruments included Mahvlyk & Krambaf purpose in Life Questionnaire (1969), Pierce et al. quality of relationships Questionnaire (1991), Connor and Davidson resilience Questionnaire (2003), and Paloutzian & Ellison's spiritual health Questionnaire (1982). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the direct effect of purposefulness in life (P > 0.01) and its indirect effect due to spiritual health (P > 0.005) on resilience is significant. The results also show that the indirect effects of social support (P > 0.04) and interpersonal conflict (P > 0.006) on resilience through spiritual health are significant. Therefore, spiritual health can mediate between purposefulness in life and social support and interpersonal conflict on resilience in the face of psychological pressure and increase resilience.

Perfectionism towards the spouse is associated with very high expectations from the spouse and causes conflict and dissatisfaction in the family. The purpose of this study was to develop an educational package to modify perfectionism towards the spouse with an Islamic behavioral cognitive approach.

In this research, two qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. First, in order to find the components and techniques and to make an educational package, related data from Islamic teachings and psychological texts were collected and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method and grounded theory approach. Then to evaluate the validity of the content, 12 experts' opinions on goals, techniques and homework were considered. After deleting and correcting some items based on experts' opinions, the final package of extremist perfectionism adjustment towards the spouse was presented.

The findings of the present study showed that the training package for modifying perfectionism towards the spouse with an Islamic behavioral cognitive approach, consists of fourteen sessions, ninety minutes that include 1) establishing a therapeutic relationship and evaluation 2) Decrease self-centeredness, 3) Decrease high expectations of spouse, 4) Decrease domination over spouse, 5) Increase differentiation towards spouse, 6) Increase flexibility, 7) Strengthen forgiveness, 8) Strengthen attention to thoughts And feelings of the spouse, 9) improving the relationship with the spouse's family, 10) positivity towards the spouse, 11) correcting cognitive distortions towards the spouse, 12) reducing emotional sensitivity and irritability, 13) reducing extreme sensitivity to details, 14) Reduce work and social problems and summarize meetings....

In addition to face-to-face social interaction, the structure of gender identity in teenagers is influenced by new communication technologies, especially the Internet and virtual networks. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the lived experiences of teenage girls from being in the virtual space and its effect on their gender identity. This study is of qualitative type and using phenomenology method and was conducted by using purposeful sampling and analysis of semi-structured interviews with girls aged 13 to 18 years old in Tehran. Finally, after conducting 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews, the researcher reached data saturation. Interviews were analyzed using Smith's method. In this research, 4 main themes and 9 sub-themes and 52 meaning units were obtained, the main themes were: "girls' behavioral changes", "access to early sexual information", "decrease in self-confidence", "gender identity disorder" ». According to the results obtained from this research, being more than 5 hours a day on virtual networks such as Instagram causes damage to the gender identity of teenage girls.

Marital conflict is an injury that different families may be involved with. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the experiences of teenage children exposed to parental marital conflict. The method of the current research was practical and of qualitative phenomenological type. The population of this study included teenage children exposed to parental marital conflict. Sampling was done in a targeted manner and continued until saturation and finally 12 children were selected and the participants were subjected to in-depth semi-structured interviews. In order to analyze the data, Colaizzi method was used. Data analysis led to the identification of 3 main themes, 12 sub-themes and 42 primary concepts. The first main theme, psychological problems, included the sub-themes of feeling of failure, feeling of fear, depression, mental preoccupation, feeling of being neglected, negative behaviors of teenagers and lack of psychological security.The second main theme was academic-occupational problems, which included job changes of parents and neglect, and finally, communication issues with acquaintances and friends. Was. In general, the results showed that teenagers with conflicting families are at risk and have psychological and communication problems.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epistemic emotions on Monitoring Accuracy, Regulation Accuracy and Performance in students. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group and the statistical population included all male students of sixth grade in Tehran. For this purpose, 37 male students of the sixth grade were assigned to experimental group and control group, randomly. In the pre-test, participants, after studying the exam text, predicted their score on the exam and determined the paragraphs that need to be restudy. Then, an exam was taken from the content of the studied text to determine monitoring accuracy, regulation accuracy and performance of participants. In the post-test, the procedure was the same, except that the experimental group received emotional cues and were stimulated to reflect on their epistemic emotions, after studying the text. For this perpose, Pekrun et al.'s EES scales (2016) was used. The results showed that the experimental group had significantly higher scores in Monitoring Accuracy, Regulation Accuracy and Performance in the post-test than the control group. In the educational process, it seems that paying attention to epistemic emotions, by providing internal feedback, makes realistic students' evaluation of their learning and improves Monitoring Accuracy, Regulation Accuracy and Performance in them.

Psychoactive substances use is a growing challenge in the elderly. The purpose of this research is to investigate and summarize the most basic issues related to epidemiology, screening and treatment interventions for substance use disorders in the elderly. In this research, the literature review method was used. Results showed alcohol, tobacco, opioids and prescription drugs are the most common psychoactive substances used by the elderly. The elderly are prone to the use of substances often because of age-related burdens such as physical complaints and pain, retirement, financial losses, changes of the living situation, or social losses. At present, screening tools for the elderly are limited to alcohol. Due to the similarity of substance use syndrome with depression, delirium or dementia syndrome in the elderly, screening and assessment of comorbidities are of particular importance. The research literature related to the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment interventions for substance use disorders in the elderly is low and needs further research. The results of this study showed that therapeutic interventions for the elderly with substance use disorders should be adapted for them and that the identification and management of substance use disorders should be considered as part of the initial assessment of the elderly.

The purpose of the present study was to predict marital burnout between couples based on psychological entitlement and romantic perfectionism. This research was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the study included all the couples who referred to Hamedan Counseling Centers such as Mehr, Mehravar, Sepidar, Roozbeh, Hale-Khoob, Farzaneh, due to marital problems in spring and summer (May, June, July) of 2018-2019. For the statistical sample, 220 clients were selected purposefully. 215 questionnaires were completed, 7 of which were incomplete and finally, 208 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. To collect the research data, Pines Marital Burnout Measure (1996), Lisard et al. (2011) Psychological Entitlement Measure, and Matt & Lafountain (2012) The Adaptation of Romantic Perfectionism Scale were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. Findings indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between romantic perfectionism and marital burnout (P <0.001). Moreover, there was also a positive significant relationship between exploitive entitlement and non-exploitive entitlement and romantic perfectionism (P <0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that romantic perfectionism (0.37) and entitlement (0.19) were able to predict marital burnout (P <0.001). Therefore, according to the findings of the study it can be concluded that, romantic perfectionism and entitlement can predict marital burnout and affect individuals’ marital life.