Basic and Clinical Cancer Research
Volume:14 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Cancer registration is better understood with the Globocan project. In our article, we compiled the cancer incidence, mortality, and survival data of Türkiye. We presented incidence and mortality related data from the Global Cancer Observatory, and survival related data from CONCORD-3. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) were excluded from interpretations for all indicators. The number of new cancer cases in Türkiye with a population of more than 80 million was estimated as 227,310 people in total, 128,802 in men and 98,508 women. In the same year, 125,788 people was estimated that died due to cancer, of which 78,633 were men and 47,155 were women. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 (ASIR, world standard population) of all cancers except for NMSC was estimated to be 225.6 (283.0 for men and 184.0 for women). The five most common cancers were breast cancer with the ASIR of 46.6, following prostate cancer (ASIR = 42.5), lung cancer (ASIR = 40.0), colorectal cancer (ASIR = 20.6), and thyroid cancer (ASIR = 14.3). The age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 (ASMR, world standard population) of all cancers was estimated to be 119.9 (171.0 for men, 81.1 for women). The top 5 most common cancers for both sexes and all age groups were lung, breast, colorectal, prostate and thyroid cancers, respectively. On the other hand, the top 5 most common cancer-caused deaths for both sexes and all age groups were lung, colorectal, stomach, pancreas, breast cancers, respectively. The top 5 cancers with worst 5-year age-standardized net survival rate for the sites of cancers in Türkiye between 2010 and 2014 were as follows: pancreas 10.4%, lung 14.9%, liver 15.9%, esophagus 19.0% and stomach 24.9%. Not only existing and increasing potential behavioral and possible environmental risk factors by time are a public health threat for Türkiye, but also some unchangeable factors e.g. the aging population and the prolongation of life expectancy are contributing increasing cancer incidence. In addition to incidence data, mortality and survival data are also considered, preventive strategies with public health principle should be strengthened. In addition, population-based cancer registries and research on cancer epidemiology based on the data released from these registries should be supported.

Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for around 1% of all breast cancers. However, the incidence & patterns of MBC varies in different parts of world. Due to rarity of its occurrence, very few literatures are available regarding its peculiarities.

A total of 119-patients of MBC were included in this retrospective analysis, who were registered in a single regional cancer center of India over 30 years’ period from 1991 to 2020. Data of all patients were collected to evaluate the spectrum and patterns of MBC with respect to presentation, distribution and clinic-pathological characteristics.

Total 119-patients of MBC were registered in this time period. Median age of presentation was 59 years. Right to left ratio was 1.25:1, which indicated that both sided breast was equally affected. Most of the patients (68.1%) presented late in disease course with locally advanced or metastatic lesions. Majority of breast lesion was central or retro-areolar in location and infiltrating ductal carcinoma histology was found in more than 90% patients. Estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity were seen in 42.9% and 29.4% patients, respectively. Most common metastatic site was bone.

Our data regarding MBC patients matched closely with existing literature. However, it is seen MBC patients presented to oncologists in locally advanced stage; either because of shyness of unaddressed health education. Emphasis should be given in prospective studies to gather more knowledge about demography and pattern of this rare yet sprouting malignancy.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease that is inherited autosomal dominantly and may be associated with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in 10-20% of cases. Different phenotypes are related to the form of lesions in different parts of the body, including skin, brain, kidneys, lungs, and heart. Age of patient, location of the tumor, and associated skin or neurological lesions may guide the pathologist for a definite diagnosis. Here we report a case of SEGA in an adolescent with TSC. Neurological clues including seizure and mental retardation, facial angiofibroma, renal mass, and histopathology examination of brain tumor culminated in the diagnosis of TSC and SEGA.

Vanadium is an essential dietary microelement that plays a key role in the metabolic pathways and has anti-neoplastic effects. In this regard, vanadium oxide 3-methoxy salen complex was produced and its anticancer effects were evaluated.

Schiff bases produced from equivamounts of Vanadyl acetylacetonate [VO(acac)2] in methanol were used to make a vanadium oxide 3-methoxy salen complex. Then, antioxidant property of compound, cell viability and cytotoxicity assay, DNA fragmentation analysis and determination of the apoptosis pathway genes were evaluated.

Result showed that compound with an RC50 value of 126.3 µM, the compound demonstrated considerable free radical scavenging activity. The combination strongly suppressed the viability and proliferation of HeLa and McCoy cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 213 µM and 175 µM, respectively. When the viability and cytotoxicity values of the treated cells were compared, it was discovered that the cells had died of apoptosis, which was validated by DNA fragmentation analysis. Capspase 3, Bcl2 antagonist/killer, and Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax) gene expression levels all increased significantly in a quantitative investigation of apoptotic pathway genes, with 2-CT values of 2.36, 2.63, and 3.18, respectively.

In malignant cell lines, lower quantities of the complex caused programmed cell death. This potential of complex can be used in cancer chemoprevention and cancer therapy.

Askin tumour is an uncommon form of malignant neoplasm that develops from the soft tissues of the thoracopulmonary wall and has neuroectodermal origin and possessing an aggressive behavior.  As it mimics other common pediatric disorders such as empyema, tuberculosis, lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma, it acts as a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the treating clinicians. Its rarity, however, contributes greatly to the absence of standardized treatment protocols further facilitating detrimental prognosis.  So, the major deciding factor of its survival rate is early and precise diagnosis followed by its treatment. The present study reports a case Askin’s tumor of child which is locally aggressive and quite rare. While making the definitive diagnosis of an Askin’s tumour of thorcopulmonary region the possibility of occurrence of other primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) was not ruled out.

Respected Editors, The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of post-procedure pneumothorax after CT guided transthoracic lung biopsy. This study has not been published or sent for publication in any other journal by any of the authors.While many studies have evaluated this topic most of them are univariate analysis. This study utilizes multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify which of the risk factors are independent predictors of pneumothorax. Moreover this study has identified a novel risk factor of post procedure pneumothorax.-the  lateral position of the patient during biopsy. This risk factor has scarcely been mentioned in literature previously and would definitely add to the current knowledge on the topic. Thank You.

Acute myeloid leukemia as one of the most common malignant disorders in adults is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of blood producing cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis. The current study was conducted on 50 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 50 subjects as control group. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA. The RNA was extracted, and the expression of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 gene was evaluated using real-time PCR (ΔΔCT computational) after cDNA synthesis. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 19, and P<0.05 was considered as significant level. In patients suffered from acute myeloid leukemia, the mean serum levels of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were lower than those in the control group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells had a significant decrease in AML patients compared to control group (p<0.0001). The results showed that changes in TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 had significant relationship with acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, the present study supports the use of cytokines as biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between resilience and mindfulness with psychological strength mediated by self- compassion in cancer patients. The method of this research is descriptive and the correlational research design is structural equation modeling. The statistical population in this study included cancer patients in 1399 who were selected by purposive sampling.  The sample consisted of 200 cancer patients (male and female) referred to the Oncology Clinical Center of Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran. To collect data from the Freiburg, Suez et al. (2011) Short Form of Mindfulness Mind Scale, the Resilience Scale Form (Wagtild Wiang 2009), and the Compassion Scale Form (Reese et al. Et al., 2011), and Klaf (2002) Mental Strength Scale were use. Bootstrap method was used to analyze the intermediate relationships. The results showed that the direct effect of resilience and mindfulness on self-compassion was significant with coefficients of (0.18), (0.21). The direct effect of mindfulness on psychological strength, (0.10) was not significant, but the direct effect of resilience on psychological strength (0.089) was significant. The indirect effects of resilience and mindfulness on psychological strength with mediating role of self- compassion were significant respectively with coefficients (0.13) and (0.39).The results of the research have practical implications for health professionals and psychologists and it can be concluded that self-control through self-compassion has an effect on the emotional well-being of cancer patients.