فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

The inefficiency of the agricultural product marketing system and the significant gap between producer prices and consumer payments are the major problems of the agricultural sector in most developing countries, which illustrates the need to achieve an optimal production situation and to reduce marketing margins by developing appropriate support policies for the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this article, the effect of consumer and producer protection policies on the marketing margin of chicken meat in Iran using the VECM model in the period 2002-2018 has been studied. According to the results, both indicators have a positive and significant effect on the marketing margin of chicken meat in the country, so that for one percent increase in consumer and producer support, the marketing margin of the product will increase by 23.75 and 19.92 units, respectively. In fact, not only these supports will not reduce the marketing margin of chicken meat in the country, but they will also increase the price margin and market inefficiency of this product. Accordingly, it is suggested that before implementing any policy, including pricing and budget support policies, the effects of these policies should be evaluated and with careful and purposeful planning, support should be designed in line with the goals of agricultural development programs.

The agricultural sector is one of the most important economic sectors, and it is very important to examine the relationship between exports and economic growth in this sector. What is important among these is to examine the factors affecting export and determine the important variables and then make appropriate policies based on the results of agricultural export research and development. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of intangible resources on dynamic capabilities and its impact on the export performance of agricultural products with the moderating role of social responsibility. The statistical population of this research is the exporters of agricultural products of East Azerbaijan Province. The number of community members is estimated to be 337 people, and using Cochran's formula and available sampling method, 161 questionnaires were completed by exporters of agricultural products. Then, the data of these questionnaires were extracted and analyzed using spss software, partial least squares method and smart pls software. were analyzed. Examining the results of this research showed that financial resources, information resources and relational resources have a positive and significant effect on dynamic capabilities and dynamic capabilities and social responsibility on export performance directly. Also, the results show the mediating role of dynamic capabilities in the effect of financial resources, information resources, except relational resources on export performance. And finally, social responsibility did not play a moderating role in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and export performance.

The occurrence of climate change through changes in the supply and price of crops, overshadows the profitability of production in this sector. Therefore, different forms of poverty would fluctuate with physical and economic access to food. Accordingly, to make effective policies to adapt to new climatic conditions, accurate estimates of the poverty changes that will occur as a result of climatic events are needed. According to this approach, in the present study, the potential effects of different climatic scenarios on the cultivation pattern of the Hamadan-Bahar plain, considering 2018 as the base year, were investigated, and the impact of water resources, production, income and rural poverty in the agricultural sector of this plain was evaluated. The results showed that with the considering a middle approach in predicting climate changes, along with annual increase in water pumping depth of 0/86 meters during the 20-year planning period, the present value of net producer income and after that, the indicators of poverty headcount ratio, poverty gap and poverty severity in the agricultural sector of the region would decrease by 13%, increase by 15, 33 and 17% compared to the baseline conditions, respectively. However, the adoption of management strategies would result in the improvement of various forms of poverty up to the level of 9, 20 and 10 percent, respectively.

Food security has always been one of the concerns of human beings; therefore, ensuring food security has become moreFood security has always been one of the concerns of human beings; therefore, ensuring food security has become more complicated than ever with the rapid increase in population in the last two centuries. The positive growth rate of the global population reveals the extent of this problem in the future. Hence, a challenge is to increase food production while reducing pollution, improving its quality, and providing it to all people. Meat, or in particular, chicken meat and eggs, is a major source of human food, though the production industry of chicken meat in Iran faces numerous problems that have led to low productivity in the industry. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Institutional factors affecting the productivity of the broiler industry in Iran. Moreover, the relationship between productivity and independent variables was estimated by the econometric model of panel data, census data of chicken farms in different provinces, and other macro information about Iran. According to the findings, it was found that the density of chicken farms in the provinces has a direct and significant relationship with capital productivity and workforce. In addition, capital productivity increased by increasing different components and centers related to the structure of the supply and production chain of chicken meat in a province. In addition, increasing per capita income on capital productivity and workforce differently affected the structure of the supply and production chain of chicken meat.

small lands are very common in rice farms, which, as economists believe, leads to the lack of optimal use of production resources and consequently increases production costs of rice and its price. Therefore, empirical investigation of economies of size in rice farms is very important for reducing production costs. To achieve purpose of the present study, data on rice production and its costs were collected from 180 farmers in four cities of Guilan province for the 2019-2020 crop year. Using Duality's theory, the cost function and demand functions estimated in three flexible functional forms namely Translog, Normalized Quadratic, and Generalized Leontief. Based on the estimated parameters of the best model, the elasticity of the size was estimated. As well, average cost function of rice production was estimated and based on it, the elasticity of the average cost with respect to the production was calculated.The results show that Translog functional form is the most suitable form for the expression of rice production technology in Guilan province. Results show that structural parameter of “Return to Size” for paddy farms is equal to 1.33 in average and is greater than one for all the observations. As well, elasticity of average cost relative to production is negative for all the farmers. Therefore, estimated models prove the advantage of economies of size and negative slope of average cost function in all rice farms . So, there is no any farm with efficient size in the studied sample and it is possible to reduce the production costs and the cost price of rice by increasing the size of production for all the farms. based on the findings of this research, land integration policies and increasing the size of rice paddies are suggested as an effective strategy to reduce production costs of rice production.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the customer's intention to buy agricultural products online in Tehran. The required data were collected through the field, by completing an electronic questionnaire by random sampling method available from 327 respondents who were online customers of online stores of agricultural products, from September 2020 to April 2021. In order to identify the factors affecting the intention of customers to buy online from the logit pattern method, the order, which was estimated by the maximum likelihood method, was analyzed in Stata software. The results of this study showed that the variables of enjoyable online shopping, knowledge of the website, final purchase of the website, obtaining the necessary information from the website, searching for website information, security in online shopping after seeing the blue electronic symbol, the amount of returnability of goods in online shopping, Innovation and creativity in the website, has a positive and significant effect on the intention to buy online. Based on the values of the final effects of explanatory variables, it was observed that the variables of age and the degree of returnability of goods in online shopping with a probability of 0.005% have the greatest effect on increasing the probability of intending to buy online. On the other hand, variables such as the amount of final purchase from the website with -0.010%, the amount of information required from the website with -0.008%, location and security in online shopping after seeing the blue electronic symbol with -0.007%, the degree of enjoyable online shopping and the amount of innovation and creativity in the website with -0.006%, are the most important factors in reducing the likelihood of online shopping intentions. The mentioned variables have the most impact on the online shopping intention category and the other variables have the least impact on the online shopping intention.