پژوهشنامه ادبیات تعلیمی
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1401)

One of the important features in Persian historical texts is the special attention paid to kings and rulers and their behavioral actions, and the authors of such texts sought to introduce kings as superior role models for other rulers, and, in such a fashion, attempted to moderately reduce the severity of the behavior of the rulers of their time and indirectly educate them. Examining the historical texts focusing on the mythological kings, we see that the historians have considered their era as a favorable era far from malice and impropriety, and have sought to present an exemplary, replicable model of the kings—a model that, if followed by other rulers, would result in the formation of an ideal society with people living in peace and prosperity. Further examination of the content of historical books shows that most of what has been said about the mythological kings and their behavior is related to their kind treatment of their subordinates and subjects, and special emphasis has been placed on spreading justice and preventing oppression of the people. In addition, paying attention to the religiosity of the kings and their role in guiding the people towards an ideal society is of special importance in these texts—a society where there is no news of oppression, and people live in peace and harmony.

Mulla Abu Bakr, the author of Chori, is one of the writers and scholars of the 11th century of Hijri, who left precious works and compositions in various religious and literary fields. The book of Riaz al-Khalood is an educational-moral work in Persian language, which is considered as one of the most important works of its author. This book, which contains many moral and educational themes, is written in imitation of Golestan Saadi and is written in eight chapters, in which the author has expressed the most obvious educational categories sometimes in verse and sometimes in prose. By following the style and moral approach of Saadi in Golestan, by pointing out some of the good traits and warning against some reprehensible traits, the author of Chori has been able to compose an original and remarkable work in the field of Persian educational literature and play his role in To show the title of an ethics teacher in his course. Paying attention to the words of ancient Iranian elders, using proverbs, anecdotes, etc. is one of the ways of the author of the book in expressing educational themes. In the meantime, reciting poems in Persian and Arabic is one of the most important tools of Mulla Abu Bakr Musnaf in the book Riyad al-Khulood, which contains moral and educational meanings. This article, with a general review of the book "Riyaz al-Kholood" and its structure in an analytical-descriptive

"Internal education" or "exploratory education" which is based on human nature is one of the purest educational methods that has received a lot of attention in the contemporary period and modern educational psychologists consider it one of the most effective educational methods. They count. The mystics of the field of Persian literature have also paid special attention to nature-based education. Maulvi pays special attention to the principle of "education" in his spiritual Masnavi. Education in the Masnavi is one of the concepts that Rumi considered to be internalized in order to institutionalize it in the existence of human beings, along with things like God, knowledge, conduct, and acts of worship. This article, with the aim of investigating the dimensions of inner education in Mawlawi's Masnavi, seeks to answer the question, what are the most important components of inner education which are emphasized by thinkers and psychologists in the matter of education and training in the spiritual Masnavi? For this purpose, the authors have analyzed and investigated the components of inner education in six masnavi books of Mawlavi by means of descriptive-analytical research. According to the results of the research, emphasis on the language of action, the gradualness of education, lack of imitation, wealth of deprivation, elimination instead of presentation, anti-habit and attention to individual differences are among the most important components of internal education in Masnavi, which details and The topics related to it have been analyzed and investigated in separate axes.

The path to reach Hazrat Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully pass through this difficult pass, one must know the road obstacles well. This research aims to examine the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles from the perspective of the great Islamic mystic, Attar Neyshabouri in Mantiq al-Tair. Descriptive and rational, used to analyze information. Doing this research is necessary and necessary because Attar in Mantiq al-Tair has used a special method to express the obstacles to perfection and how to deal with them, which is definitely more effective than others. In this study, any factor that, from Attar's point of view, prevents man from attaining nearness to God, has been referred to as "obstacle". Based on the results, factors such as: worldliness, egoism, status worship Ignorance and ... are obstacles to divine closeness and human perfection, and the seeker to God must know these obstacles and ways to face them, in order to achieve true perfection.

Nasser Keshavarz is one of the contemporary poets who wrote children's poetry. The main goal of the present research was to explain the prominent and frequently used themes in the children's poems of Nasser Keshavarz. Therefore, the most important themes, sub-themes and messages of the Keshavarz’s children's poems have been investigated and evaluated in the form of a qualitative research approach and using the method of descriptive analysis and inductive analysis. The statistical community and the scope of the current research was Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems. Among the numerous books of the poet, eleven poems have been selected as samples. The criterion for determining the sample size was to reach theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done using Stirling (2006) coding. The findings of the research show that Nasser Keshavarz raised four organizing themes in his children's poems. These 4 themes were obtained in the methodological path of the current research and by combining and summarizing 53 basic subjects. It can be said that Keshavarz is one of the successful poets of contemporary Iran, who has preserved the narrative mode and story flow in his works. He has shown his ability in writing children's poems and mixing children's language with the world of childhood and imagination. The main themes of Nasser Keshavarz's poems include: educational and training, enjoyable and entertaining topics, naturalism, emotional and emotional. In the meantime, emotional and sensational themes are considered to be the most important and prominent themes of Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems,

As we all know Kalila wa demne is one of the Persian didactic literature master piece , that is written in the form of story. This book, which is full of ethical and abstract concepts, is eligible to use in another fields such as philosophy for children (P4C) . This paper is the result of examining" shir va shoqal" story according to philosophical stories and children literature features. In this research, which is reported in library and documentary research method , some criteria such as literary acceptability , psychological acceptability , philosophical richness , discursive dialogue and research ability etc have been analyzed. According to the results of analyzing , this story has high ability in order to teach philosophy to children and except rewrite into an understandable level for children and teenagers, and eliminate some cases that are not appropriate to children, absolutely no more change is needed .

This research, after presenting theoretical discussions about pictorial schemas - which is proposed in the field of cognitive semantics, seeks to find the answer to this main question, first of all, which image schemas Saadi uses in explaining the two issues of envy and regret and secondly, what is his purpose of using pictorial schemes for these two moral vices? This type of study showed that the sheikh of Shiraz used these two morally objectionable attributes in his garden under two volumetric and non-volumetric schemas and in general a combination of schemas. Based on this, the unpleasant character of envy causes many negative effects for the envious person, one of which is regret. It is for this reason that in this research, these two categories have been emphasized.The results of this research show that Saadi used two schemes of power and volume for envy, but regret has a volume scheme everywhere in Boostan.From the statistical charts of this article, it can be seen that the frequency of patterns of regret is higher than envy. Therefore, rather than emphasizing the power of envy, Saadi pays attention to its result, that is, regret. So a person should avoid envy so as not to be caught by its results. In other words, Saadi explains the necessity of avoiding envy by stating its results. The research method is analytical-descriptive. It should be mentioned that no research has been done with this particular approach regarding Saadi's Boostan.