پژوهشنامه مطالعات اسنادی و آرشیوی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

In this research, it is aimed to study the social and political personality’s aspects of Amīr ‘Alī-Šīr Navāīī's , that have been less considered by researchers.

This research was performed to critically study the sources available on Amīr ‘AlīŠīr Navāī’ and his political and social approach and performance. 

Research Methodology and Approach:

 The research methodology is a library method. Using available sources such as historical compositions, it is tried to highlight some of the unknown points about him as far as possible. 

The results:

 The findings of this paper show that some of the issues, such as the content of the monša‘āt (compositions) of contemporary of Amīr ‘Alī-Šīr, endowments’ deed and the impact of his social actions, such as the endowing of the Eḵlāṣīye (educational complex) have not been considered as deserved.

The systematic and consistent administrative organization of the Ᾱ􀇊 stān Quds Rażavī􀇉 during the Ṣafavī􀇉d period is a symbol of the administrative system of that period in Iran. The ‘aṣṣār-ḵāne was considered as one of the boyūtāt( the departments), as a subset of the Ᾱ􀇊 stān Quds Rażavī􀇉 administrative system, which its task was making oil from vegetable seeds to provide the light of the Imām Reżā holy shrine and other holy places.

This article aims to introduce ‘aṣṣār-ḵāne, its functions and duties in the shrine.

Research Methodology and Approach: This article was written descriptively-analytically using a library research methodology with a documentary approach. 

The results:

 The results of this article, which cover only the Ṣafavīd period , include the job description , founding, introducing the donators , the functions and usage , recognition of the documents related to this department in the Ᾱstān Quds.

Several factors were effective in the process of the decline of the Ṣafavīd, the most important of which was the riot of the Afğāns. The manuscript treatise studied in this research is the sole of the central library of Ᾱstān Quds Rażavī, which in its type is one of the unique documents of the Ṣafavīd period. This manuscript treatise describes the riot of the Afğāns to the south of Khorasan province in an eyewitness’s viewpoint , which encompasses of new historical, geographical, social, and anthropological contents narrated in the words of eyewitnesses. The mentioned manuscript treatise represents a narrative discourse through which the author, during the pursuit and escape from the Afğāns attack, has described the moments of the action along with interviews with the eyewitnesses.

Given that the author did not have the opportunity to rewrite his treatise, in this paper, we tried to classify the textual data aimed at the systematic appearance of communicative messages enclosed in the text by qualitatively content analysis approach.

Research Methodology and Approach:

 This article was written descriptively by a library research methodology. 

The results:

Reading the text of the report, reviewing and analyzing the text along with other historical sources of the course, the documentation of geographical locations and the individuals mentioned in the historical text of the results of this research.

The vaẓīfe (the stipend ) payment was one of the payment method of the Ṣafavīd period , which was paid to the scholars and clerics. In Mashhad, as a religious city, there were also individuals who received vaẓīfe from the Ṣafavīd government.

This article , through readout and interpreting a decree and payment order Shah Solṭān Ḥoseyn , intended to examine the issue that how has been the system and place of the vaẓīfe payment and what was the role of the officials of the Shrine in the city of Mashhad? 

Research Methodology and Approach:

 This article was written descriptively-analytically by a library research methodology with a documentary approach. 

The results:

Based on the studied document, for the vaẓīfe payment, the decree was first issued by the Shah. Then, the vazīr ( the Minister) and the bī􀇉glarbeygī􀇉/ begler-beygi (the governor- general)of Mashhad were set to be responsible for paying it out from certain sources of revenue, which have been mostly the soyūrġālāt (the land revenues/ feudal tenure?) of the Mashhad era . Afterwards, the the avāreje- nevīs (the writer of cash book department) towjīh-nevīs (the writer of payment department) and sarḵat- nevīs2 of Khorasan had to confirm the place of payment, according that the local authorities, like the ruler of Mashhad, the kalāntar( the chief man of Mashhad), mobāšerān ( the agents) and high officials like the vazīr-e a‘ẓam (the Grand vazī􀇉r) and mostowfī-yo’l-mamālek ( the chief of the accountant state domains) like the Grand Minister and the mostowfī-yo’l-mamālek would confirm that. Therefore, both state administrative and civilian agents were effective in the vaẓīfe payment process.

In review of documents, we face terms that knowing their function of requires searching. The term Sarkār-e Feyż Āsār is the one written on the header of a large portion of Ᾱstān Quds documents from the Ṣafavīd to the Qājār period and has been recorded in the text of the documents as well. The repeated use also reveals the importance of the search for its meaning.

The aim of this research is to know the meaning of these two terms and find its applied concept in the historical texts as well as the reason for its application in the documents of Ᾱstān Quds Rażavī. According to the views of Western and Iranian scholars on this term, we realized the absence of a detailed survey on the matter, which makes it imperative to think and study it.

The research method in this article was an analytical-research approach based on the study of historical sources and documents.

The findings of this search revealed the use of this term from the Ṣafavīd to Qājār period regarding the Ᾱstān Quds Rażavī and some other holy shrines in the concept of “administrative organization”.

Public baths are public buildings, which date back to the pre-Islam periods. However, after Islam and the advice and order to cleanliness, and cleaning up, and performing religious duties, the construction of these buildings by charitable people increased, especially in the religious cities.

The study was designed to review the manner of administration, location, history, repairs, style of architecture, and the bathing method of one of the oldest endowed public bathes in Iran, i.e., that was named The ḥammām-e āğče in Mashhad(endowed by Mirza Atiq Ali Monshi) according to available documents.

This article was written descriptively-analytically using a library research methodology with a documentary approach.

The results show that the historical background of the ḥammām-e āğče , one of the endowments of Ᾱstān Quds, dates back to the Ṣafavīd period. The geographical location of this ḥammām was / had been in the bāzār-e sang-tarāšān ((stonemasons bazar) of Mashhad close to the Holy Shrine. The mentioned ḥammām was rented by individuals with special conditions by the Ᾱstān-e and the proceeds from it were spent on other affairs in this organization. The ḥammām-e āğče was repaired and rebuilt several times during the three historical periods. Finally, in the Pahlavid period 1354/ 1975, was completely destroyed in the plan for the development of the Rażavī Shrine.

Historical documents can be the source of solutions for the scholars and researchers in many historical investigations. Even in some cases, they may correct the historian’s reports and narrations or conceal the hidden facts. On the other hand, the findings of archaeological and historical knowledge about the Qohestan district southern Khorasan is the remaining part of the historical Qohestan, part of which was later called Qayenat, are so limited. Hence, the historical documents play an important role in the studies on this district.

In this article, seven government decrees by Ahmad Shah Durrani (1160- 1186/1747- 1772) and his two successors were reviewed and analyzed, which suggest that after Nader Shah’s death (1160/1747) until the of Ā􀇊 qā Moḥammad Ḵān Qājār came to the throne , the district of Qaenat has undergone changes with little reflection in the historical sources; or maybe, some local historians have ignored them for some considerations. These government commands have been introduced and reviewed by the authors for the first time.

This article was written descriptively by the library research methodology with the approach of documents introduction.

According to these documents, during the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani, Qohestan was under his rule and tribute, while it has been so far believed that the Alam family as the local ruler has dominated this region in the mentioned period.

Family history is one of the subjects that is considered less than other subjects. Researching this subject, which has a history of using important and religious families in the holy shrine of Imam Reza by inheritance is of major importance and presents valuable information.

In this article, it is studied the Holy Shrine of Imām Reżā(AS) as one of the largest centers of family history in the world and its importance as a major spiritual component in the city of Mashhad. By discussing topics such as the history of the post of the service in the administrating of the Holy Shrine, the importance of family histories, the interaction between family histories and to service in the shrine as an influential component in the spiritual identity of Mashhad and the necessary measures to document the family history of the Shrine, it is tried to examine various aspects of the subject.

The research methodology is a library and archive one, in which, Persian and non-Persian references and sources and the related documents were used.

The results of the research show that many families have worked as the ḵādem, over several generations in the Shrine of Imām Reżā (AS) in various positions, such as ḵādem ( servant), farrāš (footmen), and darbān (doorkeepers) and their records of service are available at the Ᾱstān Quds Documents Center. Examining these documents and conducting oral history interviews by the Family Studies Unit, while documenting the old Shrine's families, can provide the context to introduce the identity of the service at the shrine of Imām Reżā(AS) as one of the main components of Rażavī Ideal Utopia

Journalism in Mashhad was started much later than in some large cities of Iran , in 1318/1900. Adab newspaper Literature is of great importance due to being the first newspaper in Mashhad and the work of one of the well-known journalists and poets in the country (Iran) Thus, its role in the field’s journalism in this area needs to be thoroughly investigated.

The content analysis of Mashhad Adab newspaper, its impact the on cultural conditions of Mashhad, presenting the features of this newspaper, as well as reviewing Adībo’l- mamālek’s approach to journalism are issues that were analyzed in this article.

Research Methodology and Approach:

 Using the library methodology, this paper analytically examined content of Adab newspaper of Mashhad.

The results indicated that the content of the newspaper was written according to the literary and information-providing approach. The promotion of reading newspapers, the development of new schools, industry, and patriotism were discussed in the newspaper, which was focused on literature.

Recording the memories and historical information of individuals along with other written documents can provide a solution for researchers in the field of contemporary history studies. Hence, the Oral History Archive of the Management of Documents and Press Affairs of the Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center of Ᾱstān Quds Rażavī have moved on the same path to document oral history of Imām Reżā’s holy shrine and respond to the needs of the researchers.

The approach of this article included the presentation of historical material and information on the situation of the naqqāre-ḵāne, naqqārečī, and kettle-drum beating in the holy shrine of Imām Reżā(AS) in the contemporary history. This article was written by interviewing one of the most prominent kettle-drum beating of Ᾱstān Quds Rażavī, Mr. Ahmad Aqvām Š􀆽okūhī􀇉 okouhi.

The research findings provided valuable information about the historical background of the naqqāre- ḵāne (the musicians of the music band , the problems and difficulties of kettle-drum bearing in the past, the characteristics of wood (the musicians of the music band during the Qājār period, a comparison between the old and new naqqāre- ḵāne , familiarity with the instruments of kettle-drum beating , the type of praying as mentioning zekr- ḵānī( commemorate) , and the specific times of the kettle-drum beating.

The third part of the biography of Ḥāj Ḥossein Ᾱ􀇊 qā Malek, is the last part of the biography available in the archives of the Library and the National Museum of Malek in Tehran. It has a major importance in terms of the history of Mashhad, since it was contemporary with Iranian Constitutional Revolution, bombardment of the Imām Reżā Shrine by the Russians and the events related to that. Similar to the previous parts, In addition to having important information on the dignitaries of Mashhad and Khorasan, historical sites and consulates of Russia and Britain which are useful in the study of the history of Mashhad. Although it appears that the passage of time has resulted in forgetting some of the memories and mistakes in people’s names and events.
As it has been mentioned in the first part of this autobiography, which is published in the second and third volume of “Daftar-e Asnād”, unfortunately, Ḥāj Ḥossein Ᾱ􀇊 qā Malek leaves his autobiography unfinished and from page 153 to page 181 quotes ‘Alī􀇉 Mo’tamen’s writings on the Imām Reżā Shrine and leaves that unfinished as well. The writer’s schedule for writing his autobiography is every Sunday and has apparently continued; however, the date of writing of each day has been forgotten. This text, as was mentioned previously, suffers from issues caused by writer’s old age and therefore memory loss which resulted in repetition, deviation from the main issue and prolongation. Although the writer attempted to mention the events in order of their occurrence, it follows no particular order and the subject is sometimes derailed. Malek was planning to review his text and resolve its inconsistencies, however never got the chance to do so. This is understood from the side notes next to the text reminding him to add or review something or attach a document to the text. In the revision of this part, similar to the two previous parts, while keeping the writer’s style, the spelling of some of the words were changed to their more current spellings. Also, some of the content has been cut out due to not being appropriate for this book, which has been mentioned every time it occurs in the notes. It should also be mentioned that the date on the autobiography is the date of writing and has nothing to do with the events of the Qājār period.
On the writing of the autobiography, Ḥāj Ḥossein Ᾱ􀇊 qā’s daughters had some opinions. The late Ms. ‘Ezzat Malek believed that the autobiography is in Ḥāj Ḥossein Ᾱ􀇊 qā’s words and was written by Dr. Soheylī􀇉 and Ms. Ṣeddī􀇉qe Malek’s opinion was that it was written by Abdolhamid Molavi in Ḥāj Ḥossein Ᾱ􀇊 qā’s words.