نشریه راهبردهای توسعه روستایی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1401)

Today, water is one of the greatest challenges of the present century and is the source of many changes in the world. Since the distribution of water resources and rainfall is generally disproportionate, storage and transfer on a micro scale, as well as between water basins in the form of water schemes for collection, transmission is necessary for the balanced development of human activities. Therefore, the optimal and correct use of water resources and preventing their loss is very important. The present study seeks to identify the most important effects of small-scale local projects of water control and transfer on the development of rural economy in the territory of Neishabour city and identify the problems facing them. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The number of samples is 165 shares per pool water or dam, which was determined by using formula N0 according to the number of water shareholders. According to the obtained results, the creation of small-scale and local plans to control and transfer water has increased the level of power of the rural economy, especially in the agricultural sector. Because the efficiency and area of agricultural and garden lands have increased significantly after the creation of small-scale and local plans for water control and transfer. There are also problems such as disputes over water sharing, destruction by strangers and lack of capital, poor cooperation between owners and funding, lack of security, surface water management and financial problems in this area

Tourism, as the largest service industry in the world, is one of the important sources of economic prosperity in job creation, earning foreign exchange earnings, reducing poverty and increasing exchange and social interaction. The purpose of this research is strategic planning for tourism development and its role in rural development, which has been done in Zaras village of Izeh city. The statistical population of the study consists of three groups that using Cochran sampling method, 200 people have been selected as heads of households, 120 for tourists and 20 for officials as a sample. The present study uses field studies and determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by SWOT analysis to present strategies and strategies for the development of rural tourism in Zaras and the results show that in tourism planning in Izeh (Zaras village) The first priority is competitive / aggressive strategies (so) and then the review strategy (wt). In fact, competitive and aggressive strategies show that by emphasizing local customs and local culture, increasing boating facilities and tourist safety by increasing government attention in this area will motivate to travel and attract the private sector and to achieve the goals by using These strategies are proposed to strengthen and increase facilities and services along with tourist attractions and resources in order to attract more tourists and create employment and income. The vulnerability threshold of this rural area is very high due to tourism potential and needs serious review and policy presentation. Appropriate arrangements are in place to remove restrictions and barriers.

Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. To study, model and present the optimal model for the development of rural roads network in Shahinshahr and Meimeh. To achieve the objectives of the research, 4 indicators: natural and ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical-spatial were extracted and surveyed by 30 experts in the field of urban and rural studies and using Smart-Pls software to analyze the factors. Exploration was done. Then, in order to present the optimal model for the development of the rural road network, the colonial competition algorithm (MST minimum tree cover) in Matlab 2016 software environment has been used, and the Tracking Analyst Tools method in spatialization of the studied indicators in Network Analyst Tools is used in the ArcGIS software environment. The results show that among the studied indicators, the socio-cultural index has the highest coefficient and impact on the development of rural road network and then the economic index is effective as a stimulus and mediator in the second category. Also, the results of spatial analysis show that Among the studied villages, 66.6% are in an unsuitable and completely unsuitable situation in terms of the development of the road network.

One of the most important environmental aspects of rural areas is the physical development and planning of the rural body through various development and development plans (such as rural hadi plans, the Bayer Land Development Plan and Etc.) Directs human behavior to the environment. One of the rural development projects in recent years is the rural hadi project, which is being implemented in large scale in rural areas of the country. Rural hadi plan was implemented to improve socio-economic and especially physical status of rural settlements. Now, after more than twenty years of preparing and implementing rural lead projects and accumulating valuable experiences in this field, we need to know what the consequences and consequences of these actions are. In this regard, this descriptive-survey research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and evaluating the impacts of the implementation of the hadi plan in the village of Ghareaghajkuh in Urmia. The statistical population of the study consists of 204 household heads out of 420 households living in the village. These households were selected based on Krejcie-Morgan table using simple random sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and experts in the field of research. To determine the reliability of the pre-test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.859. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and factor analysis technique. In this study, five factors were identified to summarize the effects of the Hadi plan on rural development, with a specific amount greater than one. The factor analysis and percentage of variance were used to determine the number of factors in this analysis. According to the results of the research, the most important impacts of conducting the plan in the study village were: physical and infrastructural impacts, social impacts, economic impacts, environmental and cultural impacts, respectively. These five factors account for about 64.23% of the total variance.

The appearance of rural settlements has been based on natural factors such as soil and water. Natural factors have a decisive effect on location, dispersion, range of influence, physical development, morphology, and the like, and these factors sometimes act as a positive factor and sometimes as a negative factor. The purpose of this study is the status of rural settlements in Firoozabad city in relation to natural factors. The statistical population includes rural settlements of Firoozabad city. This city has two parts and 5 rural districts. The method studied in this research is the fuzzy TOPSIS method, which is one of the best decision-making methods based on fuzzy variables. The information used includes altitude, slope, direction, climate, vegetation, soil, erosion, land use, which have been analyzed in GIS environment. Findings show that the central part with the most villages has the weakest performance compared to natural factors and Ahmadabad rural district is in the first place with 95% The second part of the city is related to a part of Meymand that has performed better in terms of natural factors so that most of the villages in the city are in a better condition in this part. In general, rural settlements in the north and northwest of Firoozabad are in a better situation. While the situation of rural settlements in the southern and central parts of the city is unsuitable. Be in an awkward position. Therefore, it demands that the potential and capacity of rural settlements in the city be well studied and in proportion to the existing talents in the region, to introduce, plan and implement alternative livelihood programs for the agro-livestock economy that is currently and has destroyed this situation.

Investing rural economic activities is a suitable and effective way to achieve sustainable rural development which requires educating rural people over new different skills and techniques. This is one of the goals of vocational training programs that have been in operation for many years, but what matters is how successful they have so far been. Therefore, a wide range of activities required to evaluate the efficiency and practical success of the community that has been addressed in this study. The study area was Famenin County in Hamedan province in which based on the Cochran formula, 200 out of 708 skilled students residing in rural areas of this area were selected by proportional stratified random sampling method. The necessary data were collected in 2019 through a questionnaire consisting of four sections including: demographic and occupational characteristics of respondents and three variables of personal and personality, economic and social abilities. Both SPSS25 and LISREL8.5 soft-wares were used for data analysis. Based on the findings of the research, technical and vocational education have had different effects on the triple dimensions of personality, economic and social empowerment of learners, so as have consequently increased the level and improve the components related to each dimension. This effect was highest in the individual, economic and social dimensions, respectively, and the findings showed a positive and significant relationship between age, number of courses, and education of students with their individual-personality and economic abilities. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested to pay attention to different economic, social and cultural aspects of different areas in vocational and educational courses for more success and higher impact, and give special consideration to some variables like age, literacy and education of skill learners

Although one of the main principles of cooperatives is cooperation principle, cooperation section will face serious issues in free economic due to the lack of competitive structures. The main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the competitiveness of cooperatives using a hybrid approach. Using this approach, the findings of internal and external studies were systematically examined using the seven-step method of Sandowski and Barso. Out of 232 articles searched in this field, 43 articles were selected and based on that, competitive maps were identified and extracted. Based on three-step coding in MAXQDA software, these factors were analyzed and categorized into one main category and seven core codes. Kappa index was used to measure the reliability and quality control of the present study. The kappa coefficient calculated was equal to 0.906, which is at the level of excellent agreement. According to this study, the results showed that all seven principles of cooperation affect the competitiveness of this sector. Attention and the need to review the principles and emphasize the loyalty of cooperatives to them in order to preserve their identity, can be a powerful tool to create and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage of cooperatives.

Studies have shown that foreign direct investment has significant effects on macroeconomic variables including tax revenue growth, inflation rate, liquidity growth rate, exchange rate, economic growth growth, employment growth, reduced imports and export development. Meanwhile, the economy of rural areas plays an important role in attracting foreign capital due to its high share in employment and the existence of abundant capacities in the capital conversion and complementary industries. In Iran, Khorasan Razavi is one of the leading provinces in attracting foreign investment due to its unique potentials, especially in rural areas and areas with an industrial agriculture approach. This study aims to investigate the role of marketing mixes on attracting foreign investment in villages and economic sectors prone to attracting capital in Khorasan Razavi. Required information by completing a questionnaire from 30 experts and economic elites in government and private sector with emphasis on provincial agencies related to rural and university economics and other necessary information from 25 companies active in areas related to products A village in this field was collected by available sampling method in 2021. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the sequential logit economic model and network analysis model were used. The results showed that the company's activity history in attracting investment, education of the CEO or CEO, advertising costs, research and development per year, marketing mixes, marketing strategies and ensuring investment security in attracting foreign capital by companies. Are in transition. However, macroeconomic indicators and government governance behaviors and policies also have a large impact. In the end, marketing mixes were prioritized in order to attract foreign investment.