فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 48 (زمستان 1401)

Using the Internet and social networks is an integral part of our lives, however, excessive use of them has many psychological and social consequences. This study was conducted with the aim of a structural model of attachment styles, dark triad personality, and sensitivity to rejection with social media addiction mediated by communication skills in students.
 
The research method is descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of this study consists of all high school students in Nurabad (Delfan) in the academic year 1400, from which a sample of 400 high school students; was selected by cluster sampling method. They completed the online version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazen and Shiver 1987), Dark Triad Personality Questionnaire (Jones and Paulus 2014), Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (Tutgun-Ünal and Deniz 2015), and Korkut’s (1996) Communication Skills Questionnaire. They also responded to the Sensitivity to Rejection Scale (Dooney and Feldman 1996).
 
The results of structural equation modeling showed that attachment styles, dark personality triads, and rejection sensitivity account for 32% of the variance of communication skills. Also, social media addiction explains 41% of the variance of attachment styles, dark triad personality, Sensitivity to rejection, and communication skills.
 
Overall, the findings suggest that weakening rejection sensitivity, and enhancing Communication skills can be considered in future studies as contributors to social networking sites addiction for prevention or intervention studies.

Social networks play a very important role in people's relationships with each other, and one of the interpersonal components affecting the start of an addiction to social networks is the family and its function. Therefore, the present research was conducted aiming at investigating the role of family functioning in social network addiction by mediating basic psychological needs in students.
 
This study was a descriptive correlation research. The statistical population was composed of the high school students of Urmia in the academic year 2021-2022. From this population, a sample of 380 students was drawn. The selection was conducted through Morgan's table and cluster random sampling method. To collect data, Turel and Serenko’s (2012) social network addiction, Epstein and colleagues’ family functioning (2003), and Desi and Ryan basic psychological needs questionnaires (2000) were used. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and structural equation analysis.
 
The results showed that family functioning has a direct and significant effect on addiction to social networks and a direct and significant effect on basic psychological needs. Also, basic psychological needs have an inverse and significant effect on addiction to social networks. Furthermore, family functioning has an indirect and significant effect on addiction to social networks through the mediation of basic psychological needs (05/0>P).
 
The increase in family functioning (a high score indicates poor functioning) has reduced the basic psychological needs of students, which in turn increases addiction to social networks.

Elderly is thought to be a transition from a life stage to a new one and empty nest syndrome seems to be one prevalent phenomenon in this period. It is essential to identify effective interventions to treat this syndrome. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the objective of the effectiveness of existential consciousness group therapy on social rejection, social adjustment, social sufficiency, and cognitive avoidance in the elderly with empty nest syndrome.
 
 
The present study was a quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest and control group design with a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the elderly with empty nest syndrome living in elderly care centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. Among whom, 30 were selected using convenience sampling and, according to the inclusion criteria, assigned into experimental and control groups equally (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90-minute existential consciousness therapy (shariatmadar,1393). Data collection tools were the Penhaligon Perceived Rejection Scale (2009), Bell Adjustment Scale (1961), Fellner, Lees& Phillips Social Sufficiency scale (1990), and Sexton and Dougas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (2008). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA).
The results showed that existential consciousness group therapy reduced the feeling of social rejection (F=4/187, P<0/05), cognitive avoidance (F=2/395, P<0/05), and increased social competence (F=2/395, P<0/05) in the elderly with empty nest syndrome, but it had no significant effect on the subjects' social adjustment (F=0/0337, P<0.05).
According to the results, in designing programs related to promoting health in the elderly with empty nest syndrome, existential consciousness therapy can be used as an effective intervention for improving social rejection, social sufficiency, and cognitive avoidance.

Present study aimed to mediate the role of Self-regulation in the relationship between Sports self-efficacy and Self-concept with weight loss behaviors of students.

The current research is a descriptive survey of the correlation based on structural equation modeling. The study’s statistical population included all female and male first-high school students in Eqlid (Fars province) in the academic year 2022-2023. The sample size of 250 students was selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. After examining the questions related to the subject’s height and weight, they were grouped as overweight and obese with a body mass index of 25 or higher. Data were collected using the standard Mendaglio and Pirist self-concept (1995), Kerel and colleagues (2007) sports self-efficacy, Miller and Brown (1999) self-regulation, and weight loss behavior questionnaire by Mazloumi Mahmoudabad and colleagues (2017). Data analysis was performed by Structural Equation Modeling and with PLS 8.8 software.

The results showed that sports self-efficacy and self-concept a had direct and significant effect on weight loss behaviors. Also, the results showed that self-regulation has a mediating role in the relationship between sports self-efficacy and self-concept with behaviors related to weight loss behaviors.

By increasing sports self-efficacy, self-concept, and self-regulation, weight loss Behaviors will also increase. Therefore, it is better in environments where therapists, pay more attention to sports self-efficacy, self-concept, and self-regulation in obese and overweight teenagers.

Domestic violence against women is a serious and major concern for public health. The reports show that domestic violence has become an epidemic due to the spread of the Coronavirus and home quarantine. A systematic research review indicates a stable relationship between resilience and coping styles with life quality and domestic violence. So far, no study has investigated these variables' relationships in the form of a comprehensive model. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between coping styles with quality of life and domestic violence against women in the Coronavirus quarantine period.

The correlational research design was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all married women in Karaj from the beginning of October to the end of November 2020. Accordingly, 241 people were evaluated online and through virtual networks using the Coping Styles Questionnaire developed by Billings &Mouse, the Quality of Life Questionnaire by WHO, the Resilience Scales by Connor & Davidson, and the Violence Towards Women Inventory by Haj-Yahia. Pearson correlation and structural equations were used to analyze the data.

The findings indicate that coping styles, resilience, and domestic violence against women have a significant positive correlation(P<0.01). In addition, coping styles and life quality have a negative correlation (P<0.05), and resilience and life quality have a significant positive correlation(P<0.01). Resilience also has a mediating role in the relationship between coping styles and life quality.

Coping and resilience styles are among the main factors affecting life quality and domestic violence against women; therefore, couples and family specialists should pay more attention to them in prevention and treatment programs.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting covert-related aggression based on the personality traits and Alexithymia of married women in Tehran. 

The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all married women who referred to cultural centers and neighborhood centers in districts 1 and 3 of Tehran in the period of 2021-2022, from which 264 people were selected as a statistical sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they were evaluated on the scale of aggression. The correspondence of Nelson and Carroll (2006), measuring the five personality traits of the short form of Neo Costa and McCrae (1985) and Toronto Bagby et al. (1994) were answered. Research data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software version 26.  

The Pearson correlation results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and Alexithymia with relational aggression. On the other hand, there is a negative and significant relationship between extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness with covert-related aggression. In addition, the results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that neuroticism, agreeableness, and alexithymia were able to predict women's covert-related aggression. 

According to the findings of the research, by reducing neuroticism and Alexithymia and increasing women's agreeableness, their covert-related aggression decreases and it can be concluded that personality traits and Alexithymia play a role in increasing hidden covert-related aggression.

Social cognition deals with the process of recognizing, processing, and using social data to regulate interpersonal performance and socially effective behavior. From the point of view of social psychology, it is very important in social and effective relationships. The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting social cognition based on self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility in students.

The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting social cognition based on self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility in students. The study was conducted in the academic year 1401-1400. A sample of 221 students was selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method.  The research data were collected using Nejati, Kemari, and Jafari's social cognition (2017), self-differentiation (Drake, 2011), and Dennis and Vandrwal’s cognitive flexibility questionnaire (2010). The SPSS version 24 was used for the regression and Multivariate analyses.

The results showed that self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility reliably predict social cognition. The results of the standardized regression coefficient also showed that the differentiation components have a greater predictive share (44.6%) in social cognition.

The results of the present research show the importance of the role of self-differentiation and psychological flexibility in students, which can be effective in designing counseling programs.