نشریه پژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال بیستم شماره 3 (پیاپی 66، پاییز 1401)

Anti-pride or avoidance of pride is the newly found theme in this article which is the result of the accuracy and attention in Khaghani Shervani, Orfi Shirazi and Taleb Amoli’s poetry who benefited from the proudness in their poetry. By anti-pride, it means that the proud and self-admiring poets leaves this technique in some cases and vice versa, speak with humility and modesty or speak of their problems with a broken heart and mental tiredness. This article indicates that changes of the sociopolitical, cognitive and age changes led to this avoidance of the proudness. In this article, along with implying three mentioned poets’ life and the reason for their self-admiration, three situations which led to their anti-pride would be analyzed based on different evidence obtained from their poetry. Lack of obtaining the positions and internal poets’ revolutions along with their aging moved them from proudness to the modesty gradually. Also, its most frequency is seen in Khaqani's poetry, then Taleb Amoli's, and after that, in Orfi's poetry.

The story of "Sheikh Sanan" is one of the beautiful narrations in Persian literature. The application of new theories causes the mentioned anecdote to show sociological and psychological suggestions beyond its mystical text and context. Using approaches related to social psychology, in addition to taking the text out of the traditional limitations, an expounding and interpretativecapability is provided to estimate the story of "Sheikh Sanan" according to Irving Goffman's " stigma" theory. In the present article, an endeavor is made to scrutinize the "story of Sheikh Sanan" by means of qualitative description and analysis. The premise is that there are variables such as "play pattern", "pattern of individual and collective kinship", "social exclusion and isolation", "loss of common identity", "learning", "knowledge and insiders", "Revelation", "habitual", "recovery of lost identity", "defense and psychological mechanisms", etc. in the mentioned narrative, has caused criticism and analysis as well as the results of applying Goffman's "stigma" theory, be believable and convincing.The presupposition is that the lack of balance between the individual "self" and the social "self" has caused the "stigma" of Sheikh Sanan.

The damages caused by natural disasters and the type of reaction of societies to them are reflected in various forms in the past written works. This study aims to find out how and how much attention has been paid to these damages and related reactions to manage them in Persian texts up to the eighth century.This research is a descriptiveanalytical study of qualitative content analysis with an integrated approach. Among the common hazards, four natural hazards were considered: earthquake, flood, drought and snow and severe cold. From selected Persian texts, by purposive sampling, a total of 93 poetic samples and 52 prose samples were selected and reviewed.According to the research findings, economic damage is the most damage caused by natural disasters mentioned in selected Persian texts (45%). Also, the most attention has been paid to response phase in these texts (52%).It seems that our society's response-oriented approach to natural disasters is rooted in a historical mentality that is reflected in Persian texts up to the eighth century. A methodical and deep understanding of this historical mentality can help theorists in a deeper understanding of the current society behaviors against the natural disasters and the desired change of those behaviors.

Modernity and modern humanism have played an essential role in the growth of Iranian women's minds. One of the sources which reflect the changes and developments of modernity and modern humanism is Persian novels. This article based on Anthony Giddens' viewpoint investigates the effects of modernity on Iranian women by reviewing selected Persian novels which were published in this three periods of time: from 1300 to 1320, from 1320 to 1345 , and from 1345 to 1357 . The research demonstrates that generally in the first period, the evolution caused by the prevalence of modern humanism has not been able to liberate women thinking from traditional perspectives. In the second period, growing the popularity of modernity elements has provided a variety of human interests and desires for women. Although increasing feminist ideas shows the prevalence of modern rationalism in this period, behavioral contradictions between women reveals the superficiality of the viewpoint among them. Overindulgence in following instinctive desires in the third period indicates a jump in humanistic thinking. During this period, the passivity caused by fatalism has also been criticized by the authors.

identities and Iranian identity has been on the border between alignment, contradiction, conflict and rupture. Political and social narratives of the issue of Iranian identity and its elements are effective in weakening or strengthening this relationship. Among the three nationalistic, modern, postmodern and historical narratives, it is the only historical narrative that pays attention to the maximum consolidation and unity of Iran and Iranians by avoiding excess and exaggeration in explaining the problem. Ebrahim Yunsi, a political activist, translator and writer of Iranian Kurdish descent, is the author of several works in Persian. Some of what he translated is about Kurdish cultural and political history and contemporary political events. In the introduction or footnote of most of the translations, he pays attention to the relationship between Kurds and Iran, and in a way of Focusing on identity between Kurds and Iran, he establishes an aligned and consistent relationship. Also, in his works, he criticizes the opinion of writers who have highlighted some of the elements of ethnic identity in order to weaken Iranian identity, or who believe in the distinction and separation between ethnic identity and Iranian identity. He is especially aware of the role and function of the Kurdish language and the Persian language. Therefore, in spite of his primary political affiliation or contrary to what some political parties think, he believes that there is an equal relationship between the Kurdish language and the Persian language. Therefore, he uses the Persian language to write and tries to increase the richness of the Persian language and its lexical and cultural treasure in his works by using a lot of words and what is Kurdish knowledge and language. In this article, by analyzing the introductions of the translations and paying attention to the linguistic issues of the stories, this aspect of the identity in opinion of Ebrahim Yunsi has been discussed.

This study examines “disintegration” as one of the types of tricks and arrangements that are manifested in short storied and postmodernists novels. “Mummy ” (MOOMIYAYEY)is one of Mojabi’spostmodern works that has a special place in terms of language, expression, structure and images. In this research relying on Derrida’s views and with a descriptive-analytical approach to analyzing the structure and qualitative content of “Mummy” (MOOMIYAYEY) and reflecting tricks the rupture is addressed in it in order to reveal further the unique dynamics and specific style of mojabi. The result of the research shows that Mojabi, in the role of a master artist, has broken the normal construction of words and created a seemingly disjointed, plural and at the same time artistic structure. By using various techniques of disintegration, he has created new, but not far-fetched, meaning ؛in such a way that the reader has the opportunity to participate in determining these meanings. The use of complex and confusing language, the arrangement of words without logical and content communication in dreamy and deconstructive formats are a featurehighlights of this effect.