نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای سیاسی
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1401)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of cross-border trade on population indicators in Tamerchin border settlements in Piranshahr. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research tool is a questionnaire. The results of one-sample t-test for the 5 main dimensions of the research showed a greater reflection of political dimensions on demographic changes in the study area with a score of 3.43. In the next categories, economic reflections with a score of 3.29, population with a score of 2.86, social with a score of 2.57, and physical with a score of 2.25 were more important, respectively. According to the results mentioned in the findings section, the development of cross-border trade in the rural settlements studied has not had a positive impact on the stabilization and population growth of these settlements and one of the reasons for this is the lack of population stabilization in these settlements, including infrastructure. , Services and welfare. But according to the results of research tests, cross-border trade has had a positive impact on the social and political components and improving the quality and mobility of life in rural areas.

In the first Islamic centuries experienced a glorious civilization in a convergent and synergistic manner within the framework of a unified Islamic government. In the contemporary period, the Islamic world, after the decline and collapse of the Islamic caliphate order and in the face of modernity and the political system of the nation-state of Western civilization and nationalism has been fragmentation. Accordingly, it is divided into many small and medium-sized nation states. In the last century, some reformers and Islamic political activists, influenced by the early history of Islam and the Qur'an teaching of the “United Ummah” or "Islamic Ummah", have proposed the unity and solidarity of the Islamic world to rebuild and revitalize Islamic civilization and confront the dominating Western powers. In the new era, although many efforts have been made, but so far no tangible achievements of unity and convergence have been observed in the Islamic world. Therefore, the main question is what are the main problem and root causes of lack of convergence and domination of divergent forces over convergent elements in the Islamic world and why the idea of Islamic unity has failed. In this research, has attempted to explain the roots and fundamental causes of divergence in the Islamic world. The results show that the conceptual ambiguity of the Islamic world, economic non-complementarity of Islamic countries, dependence on the world outside Islam and competition and ideological contradictions of regional powers in the Islamic world have caused divergent Islamic countries.

Political geography is one of the branches of geography. The science of political geography is known as first degree knowledge and the philosophy of political geography is known as second degree knowledge. In this research, the philosophy of political geography from the approach of Islam has been studied. Therefore, assuming that, first, Islam has a defensible theoretical basis in all political and social fields, and secondly, such a research has been done due to the gap in the field of philosophy of political geography from the perspective of Islamic thought. Accordingly, while referring to Islamic texts and sources, including the Holy Quran, narrative sources, texts of political and historical jurisprudence, as well as the works of Muslim thinkers in this regard, the necessary formulation with reasoned content of Islamic political geography has been compiled. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method, especially content analysis, and the results show that Islamic thought in the field of social sciences, and especially in the field of political geography, is based on an approach called the approach of revelatory rationality.

The purpose of this study is the cultural components of border residents and its role in the development and sustainable security of Kermanshah border areas. The present study was conducted by a combined method consisting of two parts, quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts and specialists aware of the subject of research. The sampling method in the qualitative section was purposefully snowball, which reached a theoretical consensus with 30 elites and experts. A small part of the statistical population included citizens of border areas of Kermanshah province. The number of these people was 540 according to initial estimates. Data collection tools; Semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. In a small part of the study, SPSS software was used. The results show that sustainable border security from the respondents' point of view has 19 semantic units in six common categories: "economic security", "social security", "political security", "environmental security", "military security" and "cultural security". Were located. On the other hand, the cultural dimensions of the frontiersmen included six dimensions of "participation and cooperation", "cultural cohesion", "two-way interaction", "insight and awareness", "ideology" and "zeal and chivalry". Correlation matrices between cultural categories and sustainable border security show that there is a significant and direct relationship between each of the components of this matrix. It can be said that the two categories of the core of sustainable border security and the six cultural components of border guards are in a dialectical relationship; In a way that in the bilateral interaction of these components, social order is formed at the borders and the border residents witness a kind of lasting security.

Border security refers to prevention of any act against the law along official borderlines of a particular state and regulation of the trans-border passage of individuals, goods, and domestic animals through legally allowed border crossings while carefully observing legal rules and obligations. Every nation tries its best to keep the borders totally blocked except for particular border crossings where trans-border passage has been allowed upon previous agreements. Many factors affect border security of a country. The plans and policies adopted by countries to appropriately and effectively control their borders are among the most important factors contributing to security performance along the borders. In this respect, careful location of police stations and border outposts impose large contributions to efficient control and management of borders and establishment of security along the borderlines and within the border area.

The present study aims at investigating and analyzing the factors affecting border outpost location with the help of remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) software tools. In order to extract, examine and analyze the required information, images taken by the OLI sensor on Landsat satellite in 2018 were loaded to ENVI 5.3 software where remote sensing and GIS techniques as well as fuzzy inference system and analytic hierarchical process (AHP) were utilized.

Finally, output map was classified into three classes, namely suitable, moderate, and unsuitable land uses. It should be noted that the analyses were performed using 13 criteria, namely land use, slope, border right-of-way, territory of existing outposts, right-of-way of protected zones, road access, territories of cities and villages, power transmission lines, watersheds, water channels, railways, and faults.