نشریه سنجش و ایمنی پرتو
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، پاییز 1401)

This paper introduces the deuteron-induced gamma-ray emission technique (DIGE) for the quantification of BCN samples. BCN is a metal-free semiconductor that has a graphene-like structure and its properties are strongly dependent on the composition of the constituent elements, i.e. boron, carbon, and nitrogen. So, the quantitative analysis of BCN is essential. DIGE is an ion beam analysis method that simultaneously measures light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and etc. Therefore, it is a proper method for characterizing BCN samples. A Boron-doped graphene carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized via heating thiourea and subsequently adding boric acid. The synthesized g-C3N4 and BCN were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine that the correct form of the samples was grown..Then, the elemental concentrations in the samples were determined by measuring the prompt gamma-ray from 11B(d,pγ1-0)12B, 14N(d,pγ4-1)13N and 12C(d,pγ1-0)13C reactions.

One of the methods of dating ancient artifacts, especially pottery, clay, bricks, and all objects that are baked at 450 degrees Celsius, with any color and glaze, is the use of thermoluminescence methods. In these methods, the basis of dating is quartz and feldspar minerals, which have dosimetric properties. The last time the sample was heated to a temperature of 450°C is considered as the zero time of the sample, and the chronometer starts working after this moment, and in fact, the age of the sample is the length of time that has passed since the mentioned moment. According to radiocarbon dating, one of the samples is approximately 8000 years old and the other is 2000 years old. In both methods, the amount of dose accumulated in the sample after the last heating of the sample is calculated and then compared with the annual dose of the sample in the region, and the plateau test is used to determine the appropriate temperature range for TL. According to the Plateau test, the suitable temperature range for the two samples is completely different, and the sample that has a longer life has a stable temperature range at more temperatures than the sample with a shorter life. In this article, the plateau area for the sample with the age of 9303 starts from the temperature of 388°C and for the sample with the age of 2295 from the temperature of 341°C, which shows the relationship between the age of the sample and the plateau area.

Given to its favorable radionuclidic characteristics, such as tl/2 = 1.93 days and Eβ(max) = 0.71 MeV and ease of its large-scale production using medium flux research reactors, 153Sm is an attractive radionuclide for various therapeutic applications. 153Sm is a beta and gamma emitter that due to its physical and radiochemical properties is ideal for the treatment of bone metastasis. In this study, 153Sm was produced by thermal neutrons irradiation of 152Sm in the Tehran research reactor with a flux of 2.5 ×1013 n / cm2.s. A two-step electrolysis was used to separate 153Sm with separation efficiency of 88.25% from europium in lithium citrate medium by optimization of voltage (6V), electrolyte concentration (0.2 M), pH (6) and time (30 min).

The change in the sensitivity of the CaF2:Mn (TLD-400) thermoluminescent dosimeter was studied under high-dose exposure. First, the sample was exposed to 1kGy and then the sensitivity loss was checked by standard annealing and irradiating to 1 Gy and compared with the control dosimeter received the same dose of 1 Gy. Also, by applying different heating processes, the appropriate heating time is obtained to recover the lost sensitivity. In addition, the kinetic parameters of the TLD-400 TL dosimeter were determined before and after receiving a high dose, at each stage of the heating process, and recovery of sensitivity and modifications were identified. The kinetic parameters are obtained by fitting experimental data with a theoretical curve obtained from the general order model using a computer program.

Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Breast cancer and fibroids are common among women, and if they are diagnosed on time, recovery and treatment will increase significantly.
In this article, breast cysts are diagnosed based on the surface temperature characteristic of breast tissue. For this purpose, the temperature characteristics of a breast with a cyst have been evaluated. Heat transfer inside the breast is modeled by Penne’s bio-heat equation and solved by the finite element method. In this study, due to the difference in the dielectric properties of healthy and tumor breast tissue, the temperature distribution on the surface of the breast with a cyst of different sizes was determined. For this purpose, parameters such as temperature and SAR levels were examined and evaluated. The results show that with a similar amount of total energy for electromagnetic waves, the temperature level of the tissue exposed to the waves remains constant regardless of the input power combination. Also, results show that as the size of the tumor increases, the effect of radiation on breast tissue increases, and therefore the malignant area can be distinguished from the healthy area of breast tissue. The results show the difference in the surface temperature characteristics of the normal breast and breast with a cyst of various sizes, which can be a criterion in diagnosing the complication of breast cysts compared to normal breasts.

In this study, due to the importance of calibration in accurate dose measurement, we performed this process accurately and displayed the method and results in various diagrams. Also, using thermoluminescence dosimeters, gamma and neutron beams were measured. According to these results, the amount of gamma ray is 21 and the amount of neutron is 3 µSv/h per hour for flying in foreign routes and also for domestic routes, the amount of gamma ray is 2 and the neutron value is 0.1 µSv/h. It should be noted that all flight paths were done randomly at different altitudes.