نشریه علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 12 (پیاپی 127، اسفند 1401)

Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. To protect the environment, one of the effective and low-cost methods is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, reduce and stabilize pollutants. In this regard, the use of fungi that symbiosis with plants, can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation, reduce the time required to remove contamination, and develop its application.

This experiment was performed in order to investigate the traffic and symbiosis interaction’s effects on lead and cadmium accumulation in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The experiment donen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and three factors as factorial. The first factor includes mycorrhiza symbiosis (control and inoculation), the second factor was traffic (Control, 120, 300, 600, 950, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600, and 4200 cars per hour) and the third factor was the type of pot (Controls and pots where the soil surface is covered except at the place of seedlings) with three replications in 2019-2020 in Shiraz metropolis. In the experiment some properties were investigated such as root weight, soil cadmium, shoot cadmium, root cadmium, stem length, main root length, plant dry weight, root lead, cadmium, and lead transfer factors.

The results of mean comparisons showed that inoculation of plants with mycorrhizal fungi )Glomus mossea (had higher lead content of root tissue than shoots and soil in 4200 cars per hour compared to the control. Symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi increased root weight and plant dry weight, stem length, and main root length compared to the control by 23.93, 18.97, 0.82 and 30.87% in 4200 car traffic per hour, respectively. The results also showed that the treatment of closed pots and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi increased the growth parameters and decreased cadmium and lead.

The reduction of cadmium and lead concentrations in the inoculated rosemary with Glomus mosses indicates that Rosmarinus officinalis L. can grow in soils contaminated with cadmium and lead. Also, the symbiosis of mycorrhizae increases th ability of rosemary.

 Today, one of the environmental problems facing the development of technology in the world is environmental pollution. And without a doubt, the science textbooks of the first high school course are one of the official platforms for environmental education. The current research was conducted with the aim of examining the content of science books of the first high school course, in terms of attention to environmental components.

  This research is of applied type. In which, the science textbooks of the seventh, eighth and ninth grades of the academic year 1399-1400 have been examined. which totals 45 chapters and 450 pages. The examined samples include texts, images, questions and book activities that have been studied using Shannon's entropy method. This study was carried out using a content analysis checklist tool that has four environmental components: water, air, soil and sound, in 1400, and its content validity was confirmed by subject experts and its reliability coefficient was 91/36. The percentage is estimated.

Fidings: 

The results of the research indicate that environmental components have been given little attention in science books of the first secondary school. The most attention is in the book of sciences of the seventh grade and the least attention is related to the book of sciences of the eighth grade.

 In these books, in the field of the four environmental components, the most attention has been paid to the air component and the least attention to the sound component. Also, the highest coefficient of importance was related to the soil component with (Wj=0.308) and the lowest coefficient of the sound component (Wj=0.199). Among the different sections of science books, the highest coefficient of importance is related to biology chapters (Wj=0.329), followed by chemistry and physics chapters, and the most important coefficient is related to geology chapters. (Wj=‌0.176) is less than the others.

Oil fields can be considered as a major waste resource that leads to considerable adverse effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality, quantity and type of waste generated in the oil field of South Azadegan.

 The present work reviewed the quality and quantity of waste generated in the south Azadegan oil field (Southwest of Iran) according to the production point and operation unit and waste classification. The present work was conducted in 2020 and firstly the various sectors of waste generation were identified and classified. Then a questionnaire was provided and distributed to all sectors for data collection. Ethical issues were considered at all stages.

Fidings: 

The results showed that some recyclable wastes (approximately 35%) and organic waste (63.5%) were generated in the restaurant unit and the total weight of healthcare waste was 50Kg/year that include 28% non-infectious and 72% infectious waste. The engineering and sanitation unit of south Azadegan. produce the most waste generated in this area and the most wastes generated in this unit was drilling rig and fluids. Also, the chemical analysis of drilling rigs showed that the concentration of heavy metals in these samples is high.

According to the results, it should take into consideration that various wastes have been generated in studied area, some of which are hazardous, and new strategies should be used to protect the environment.

Most synthetic dyes used in the textile industry have environmental hazards. Therefore, the interest in using biodegradable natural dyes prepared from plants is the main goal of this article.

 Raw wool fibers were dyed using natural dye and the amount of dye extraction was investigated. Therefore, different percentages of dyes with three different pH values ​​were added to dye bath. The extraction parameter was measured using a UV-visible method. To investigate the effect of changes in dye concentration and pH on extraction, a new neural network model was developed. By development of new neural network model, the concentration of dye spray with three different pH values was considered as the input of the network and the extraction value of wool fibers was considered as the output of the model. In neural network training, 80% of the data were considered for training and the remaining 20% for testing.

Fidings: 

In this paper, the experimental results are based on the values obtained from the UV-visible method and the modeling results are a prediction values of the developed neural network model as the extraction parameter.

Based on the experimental and modeling results, with increasing the dye concentration, the extraction value of wool fibers increases and changing the pH of the dye bath has practically no effect on the salinization of wool fibers. Finally, the neural network prediction model can be used as an alternative to repeated experiments with toxic substances to study the dyeing behavior of fibers and thus save human lives from death.

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of green human resource management and green supply chain on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization with the mediating role of organizational sustainability.

descriptive research is correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population was formed by the employees of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization (2610 people) and the statistical sample was considered to be 335 people based on Morgan's table and available. The questionnaires of human resource management by Zayed et al. (2018), Sabze supply chain by Zayed et al. (2018), organizational sustainability by Karkulian et al. (2016), sustainable performance by Zayed et al. (2018) were used. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach was used to analyze the data, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the questionnaire. SPSS software version 24 and Smart Pls software version 3 were used for the statistical analysis of this research.

The results of the research showed that green human resource management has a significant positive effect on the organizational sustainability of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. The green supply chain has a significant positive effect on the sustainable performance and organizational sustainability of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. Organizational sustainability has a significant positive effect on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. Organizational sustainability has a significant mediating role as a result of green human resource management and green supply chain on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization.

The results of this research can be used and applied in order to improve the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization in the field of environmental factors.

Today, the use of advanced environmental pollutants based on nuclear technology in processes associated with the production of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants is highly recommended. Developing a strategy and planning for the development of the application of nuclear technology in the environment is necessary because this technology is advanced, complex and in the growth stage and requires high investment, highly specialized forces and cooperation and coordination of a series of projects.

 In order to develop a roadmap for the application of nuclear technology in the environment, first, by reviewing research in the field of applications of nuclear technology in the environment, potentials and key technologies in this field were identified. Then, by performing process steps through reviewing scientific articles and texts, the market was identified and then the types of products were determined.

The most important markets for nuclear technology-based treatment systems are power plants, chemical and petrochemical industries, and waste industries. Gaseous decontamination facilities, sludge and wastewater treatment and industrial waste facilities are classified in the product category. According to the roadmap, the acquisition of accelerator technology and gamma-rayirradiator systems is possible through technology transfer and equipment purchase. Since all stages of research and development of solid-state purification systems can be done with the existing facilities in the country and also the simplicity of the process, during the first three years, the focus on solid state purification systems was determined and in parallel by gaining the necessary experience, it is possible to transfer technology to liquid and gas purification systems.

Purification systems based on advanced nuclear technology are cost-effective, more efficient and environmentally friendly. In this regard, the use of roadmap as one of the most important management tools for planning the development of this technology is essential.

Considering the not very suitable state of the country's water resources as well as the phenomenon of climate change and its effects, simulating the state of climate change in the future and evaluating its effects in order to reduce vulnerability and deal with it can be very important in future decisions. In this regard, in order to reduce the negative effects of climate change and benefit from its possible positive effects in watersheds, various adaptation strategies are presented.In this research, adaptation to climate change in the agricultural sector under the CMIP6-SSP climate change scenarios has been investigated and evaluated. Considering the characteristics of the Hashtgerd region and the risks that threaten agriculture in the region, this research tries to have a comprehensive view of this system. For this purpose, adaptation strategies to reduce the negative effects of climate change in the agricultural sector were evaluated.

 In this research, the SWAT model was used to simulate and evaluate the adaptive strategy in Hashtgerd region in 2018. To model climate change conditions in the region, the NorESM2-MM climate model related to the 6th IPCC report and different SSP scenarios (SSP1.26, SSP2.54, SSP3.70, SSP 5.85) were used and minimum and maximum temperature data and the precipitation were downscaled for the years 2020 to 2049. After calculating the changes in temperature and rainfall compared to the current conditions, the values ​​of these changes were applied to the SWAT model in order to investigate its effect on the water resources of Hashtgerd region. Finally, the values ​​of water stress and crop performance were estimated under the conditions of climate change.

The results indicated an average increase in water stress and also a decrease in yield of crops other than corn in all SSP scenarios. After evaluating the effects of climate change in the region, in order to adapt to these changes in the agricultural sector, two adaptation strategies were used 1) The strategy of changing the cultivation pattern from tomato and alfalfa crops to wheat and barley and 2) Changing the cultivation pattern from tomato and alfalfa to corn. These strategies were evaluated with criteria such as changes in water stress and yield of crops compared to BAU conditions.

The results showed that changing the cultivation pattern to wheat and barley has reduced the water stress of regional crops. In general, in the strategy of changing the cultivation pattern, the yield of all three crops, wheat, barley and corn, was increased compared to the BAU strategy. In the strategy of changing the cultivation pattern to corn, a significant reduction in water stress was estimated and, accordingly, the yield of this product was acceptable. This increase in performance is due to the reduction of water stress caused by the increase in available water.

Today, the increasing development of societies has led to the indiscriminate use of natural resources; Environmental degradation; various pollutions have been created and this factor is a threat to the sustainable development of these communities. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations as the largest members of communities to recognize the effects of their behaviors on the environment and to take measures to reduce the negative effects of these behaviors on natural ecosystems. The purpose of this research is measuring the sustainability of green human resource management in the steel industry.

 The methodology of this research is developmental and combined and based on the nature of the research, an attempt was made to identify the dimensions of sustainability of green human resource management based on Meta Synthetic and Delphi analysis in the qualitative part of the research. Then, in a small part, Interpretive ranking process and Mick Mac were used to identify the most effective dimension of green human resource management sustainability at the level of steel companies.

Fidings: 

These components were evaluated through Delphi analysis and the results of this section showed that all seven dimensions were approved. The results in the quantitative part of the research showed that from the total impact based on the pair scale between the components of the research, the percentage of the impact of the sustainability component of green professional identity flow has a more effective role in environmental sustainability than other components of green human resource management.

The identity of the green profession, which is based on the values of social contexts, can contribute to the sustainability of human resource management functions against the environment. In other words, the existence of stimuli arising from the functions of green human resource management will encourage adherence to values and social norms outside the organization, and this can pave the way for the formation of the dominant culture of green human resource management in the organization.

In recent years, salinity and pollution due to municipal solid waste compost, has caused many problems. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of mixing rose greenhouse waste with urban waste on the quality of produced compost and the chemical and physical properties of the soil after using this fertilizer.

 An experiment in CRD design as factorial was conducted to investigate the effect of Rose greenhouse wastes on quality of compost with two factors consisted of 1) waste type with 2 rates: a) separated and b) unseparated waste) and 2) amendment ratio with 3 rates: a) 100% waste-0% amendment, b) 80% waste-20% amendment and c) 60% waste-40% amendment, with three replications. Then a field experiment based on CRD, with 7 treatment (consisted of soil mixed with six types of produced compost in previous stage and control) and 3 replications was conducted to investigate the effects of produced compost on some characteristics of soil.

Results showed that the separation of wastes at the source, increased compost nitrogen by 2.75 times, cation exchange capacity by 4.14 times, phosphorus by 2.14 times, water holding capacity by 2 times and organic carbon by 69% compared to the non-separation. But reduced available potassium, pH and sodium of the compost. In soil, it also reduced bulk density, salinity, and cadmium and lead concentrations, and increased soil MWD. Adding Rose greenhouse waste in rate of 40%, reduced compost EC by 58% campared to control. It also reduced available sodium and potassium and increased pH of the compost. In soil, reduced bulk density, salinity and concentration of lead and cadmium. Treatment of soil and separated compost with 40% of amendment, increased soil Si by 0.078 unit and soil organic carbon by 32% compared to the control.

Results showed that separation of wastes at the source and adding Rose greenhouse waste can improve physical and chemical properties of compost and soil.

In response to the scattered expansion of cities, the theory of smart growth is based on the principles of sustainable development; one of the best examples is TOD. As long as Urban baseddevelopment and planning are developed and implemented, many problems will arise in cities and it will not be possible to achieve smart growth and TOD. The main purpose of this study is to present strategies for the development of Bastam city based on smart urban growth with an emphasis on TOD approach.

The method of descriptive analytical research and data collection was done by a documentary, questionnaire, and interview. To analyze the data, first, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were examined according to the SWOT method, based on the opinions of citizens and experts for the study area, then suggestions were presentedin the form of strategies, and strategies were prioritized using QSPM technique

The results of the analysis of internal and external matrices showed that in the current situation, the city of Bastam is facing many weaknesses and is weak in terms of internal factors, also the threats are more effective and therefore focus of the proposed Strategies should be minimizing the consequences of adverse threats.

The results of the evaluation of strategies indicate that the first step towards achieving smart urban growth with an emphasis on TOD, from thecitizens opinion was the strategy of providing the necessary facilities on sidewalks and design according to the climate and weather conditions with 5/96 points and from the specialists opinion, the strategy of urban affairs officialsattention towards limiting the riding axes and expanding the pedestrian paths with 6/07 points are the first development priority.