Trends in Phytochemical Research
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

This review paper was designed in order to compile the chemical profiles of the essential  oils (EOs) of a wide spectrum of Tanacetum species as well as to unify the data available in the literature concerning different aspects of this genus in ethnobotany of different countries worldwide. Biological activities and other bioactive compounds were presented, as well.  In this regard, the literature and reliable scientific databases involving Scopus, Pubmed as well as all of the famous publishers involving Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis, etc were systematically reviewed. As shown in this review, a variety of promising ethnobotanical and biological activities and properties have been reported for different species of this genus so far. In addition, a number of valuable bioactive compounds have been separated and characterized in different Tanacetum species

This investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant potentialities of leaves and inflorescences of six Ocimum species. Currently, cosmaceutical and nutraceutical industries are looking for sources that are substitutes for synthetic agents which are natural or plant-derived bioactive components which are non-toxic skin lightening agents and anti-browning agents for fruits and vegetables. Both leaves and inflorescences of all the Ocimum species demonstrated anti-tyrosinase activities in a dose-dependent manner. GC/MS revealed seven phenolic compounds viz., p-arbutin, quinic acid, ferulic acid, 1,2,4-benzene triol, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid present in the studied plant parts and exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity with significant IC50 values. Metabolomic and chemometric strategies deciphered metabolome classification of the studied species. Seven identified phenolic compounds showing anti-tyrosinase activity were further subjected to in silico analysis to explore their binding mechanism with tyrosinase enzyme, and were found to interact with the targeted enzyme with high binding affinity.

Polygonum bistorta contains phytochemical compounds that can affect coagulation. It is used as hemorrhoid for bleeding control in traditional medicine. For its in vivo evaluation, 35 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 7) as well as the negative and positive control. On the 13th day of treatment, blood samples were collected for bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT) and the number of platelets and on the 14th day, for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The results were shown although P. bistorta extract had a significant reducing effect on all coagulation tests in a dose-dependent manner, the greatest reduction in coagulation time (16.5 times) in the CT test and the best significant dosage is 1000 mg/kg/day shows that the P. bistorta extract has a greater effect on the common pathway than intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

Vitis vinifera L., with the common name ”grape”, is native to Mediterranean region and widely grown in different climatic conditions all over the world. Grape leaves are also a rich source of important polyphenolic compounds that have been recognized for their diverse promising health benefits and therapeutic properties. In this study, the adsorption/desorption process on LXA-10 resin was investigated to enrich polyphenolic compounds in the prepared hydroalcoholic extract of grape leaves. The extract was obtained using ultrasound-assisted probe with water and ethanol (50:50) with an extraction yield of 26.4%. The pH value of the extract for maximum adsorption was optimized at 3.26. According to the findings of this study, the kinetic adsorption fitted well with pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.99). Moreover, the dynamic study revealed the adsorption capacity and required solvent for polyphenolic desorption being 42 mL and six-bed volume (BV), respectively. In the enriched powder, the amount of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and quercetin-3-O-glucoside increased from the ranges of 19.43 to 45.92 mg.g-1 and 41.244 to 72.88 mg.g-1, respectively. The antioxidant activity of enriched polyphenols also increased from 252.37 in the initial grape extract to 408.03 mM iron (II).mg-1.

The present study was carried out to investigate the role of some environmental factors on the quality and quantity of the essential oils of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. grown in four different locations in Iran. Chemical constituents of the essential oil were extracted by hydrodistillation and were identified using GC-MS. Among identified compounds, thirty one compounds were jointly found in the plant EOs of all four sampling locations. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the significant portion of the essential oils and α-pinene, β-pinene, δ-3-carene, germacrene B and α- humulene were the five main constituents of the plant EOs that were jointly found in EOs of four sampling places. According to obtained results, the amount of cis-β-farnesene, germacrene-B and thymol was enhanced by increasing the relative humidity in four sampling places. Moreover, the content of α-pinene and α-terpineol was significantly increased by enhancement of temperature and altitude of the locations.

The search for naturally occurring plant-based nutraceutical antioxidants is imperative in the management of arrays of diseases. Herein, the methods involved profiling antioxidant activities and nutritional composition of the methanolic extracts from the leaves of Ficus thonningii Blume (FTH), Jatropha tanjorensis J.L Ellis and Saroja (JTR) and Justicia carnea Lindley (JCN) using spectrophotometric techniques. In this sense, J. tanjorensis J.L Ellis and Saroja extract showed the highest total antioxidant capacity and strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 10.490 ± 0.0320 μg.mL-1 when compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 114.140 ± 5.135 μg.mL-1), while for the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, F. thonningii Blume and J. carnea Lindl. extracts resembled IC50 values of 523.095 ± 13.629 and 503.733 ± 7.562 μg.mL-1, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the extracts and ascorbic acid (p < 0.001), as well. In addition, nutrients and minerals were present in appreciable quantities. The obtained results validate the assayed plants extracts as potential radical scavengers and promising nutraceutical antioxidants in ethnomedicine.