نشریه پژوهش های جرم شناختی پلیس
پیاپی 10 (بهار 1402)

The restorative proceedings of children in conflict with the law with a compromise-oriented approach and relying on compensation seeks to institutionalize the literature of fallibility and admitting mistakes by the offender, respecting the victim and trying to truly sympathize with him in the structure of criminal justice. Therefore, the emphasis of international documents on the need to resort to restorative programs for children in conflict with the law has led to the formation of the principles and fundamental rights of children's restorative proceedings with the law.

The present research is done in a descriptive and analytical way.

The findings of the research are based on international documents regarding restorative approaches, principles such as: the principle of minimum criminal intervention, the principle of interpretation, the principle of the participation of children's proceedings, the principle of ensuring the best interests of children and adolescents, the principle of confidentiality of restorative proceedings of children who are against the law, The principle of responsibility and accountability of children in conflict with the law, the principle of guaranteeing the standards of human rights, respect for human dignity, and the principle of voluntary participation in the restorative process are considered as the principles of restorative proceedings for children in conflict with the law.

Part of the criteria of the fundamental rights of the restorative proceedings of children in conflict with the law are things such as allowing children in conflict with the law to freely express their opinions and views,

The purpose of this research is to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the prevention of fraud in the business environment and provide implementation solutions to improve SWAT and develop appropriate strategies based on the analysis of programs.

The present research has been carried out in a qualitative way by conducting qualitative semi-structured interviews. Its validity is formal and its validation is through holding meetings with experts and finally by getting the opinions of supervisors and consultants. The statistical population of the current research are managers and experts in the field of fraud in the General Police Command and judges specializing in the field of fraud in the judiciary who are effective in the processes of preventing this crime or are affected by it (stakeholders). And the purposeful sampling method based on criteria and snowball was chosen Finally, the sample size of 17 people was determined in the research process based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The aforementioned working groups (experts and experts in the form of a focus group or brainstorming method) were considered in order to analyze the environment, form the SWAT matrix, and develop a strategy.

The research findings have shown that Faraja faces 10 strong points and 26 weak points to prevent the crime of fraud in the business environment. And on the other hand, according to the opinion of the interviewees, there are 44 threats and 7 upcoming opportunities.

In general, preventive measures such as: solving legal problems and daily crises of fraud in the business environment and virtual space, increasing synergy and training in the business sector, and maintaining stability and preventing fraud crimes as preventive measures of the police. They are useful in reducing the crime of fraud in business.

Supervision, training and provision of suitable equipment and vehicles are closely related to the actions and decisions of the officers in the pursuit of the accused. The police, as the general bailiff and in the front line of escorting the accused, are responsible for the training, supervision, equipment and transport vehicles of the accused; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the chasing away of the accused by the bailiffs.

In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of implementation, it is a type of qualitative research. Also, sampling is done in a purposeful way and by the snowball method until the theoretical saturation, which is fifty people in this research.

Based on the interviews conducted regarding the identification of factors affecting the prosecution of the accused in the current research, 56 indicators were identified and led to the formulation of 4 sub-categories and 1 main category, which are: prioritization of the extracted categories showed; Educational factors with a value of (0.435) have the highest weight compared to the other two options, so the first priority is to chase away the accused. Supervisory factors with a weight of (0.287) were ranked second, equipment with a weight of (0.147) ranked third, and automotive factors with a weight of (0.131) ranked fourth.

The training of officers in order to perform their legal duties as well as possible, as well as monitoring the process of escorting the accused from the time of departure to delivery, the equipment suitable for this and the vehicles equipped and suitable for the transportation of the accused, including in reducing the crime of escape of the accused and efficiency. and the effectiveness of transfer by agents are important.

One of the most important issues in the Faraja organization is the issue of criminalization, especially the criminalization of fraud crimes. Therefore, the present research was carried out with the aim of criminalizing fraud crimes.

In terms of purpose, this research is applied-developmental, which was carried out with a qualitative method to achieve criminalization strategies for fraud crimes. The participants in the current research were 17 specialists and experts, including deputy heads and chiefs of the Police Intelligence and Fata Faraja police departments, who were present in the implementation of the research using the purposeful sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. In order to collect information from the theoretical part of the library method, semi-structured interviews and Delphi method (expert panel) were used to compile, disseminate and collect the results obtained from the field method. QSPM software was used to formulate and select strategies through scientific analysis.

It led to the identification of 11 strengths, 12 weaknesses, 13 opportunities and 10 threats in the criminalization process of fraud crimes. Also, the current state of the organization is a competitive strategy according to the weighting of scores related to internal and external factors.

strategic priorities in order: - ST2 preventing the development of fraud crimes in the real and virtual space by improving knowledge and technical equipment, ST4 - scientific and operational capabilities to deal with the real and virtual space, - ST1 attracting the participation of economic organizations in order to improve.

Criminology knowledge can provide the necessary information to make the criminal justice system more rational and humane to the policy makers in the field of criminal policy. Sharing the knowledge of criminology with criminal law will be a key component in order to gain points for maintaining the basic rights and freedoms of citizens and the dynamism of criminal law as much as possible. In this regard, it is considered important and necessary to know the effective limitations of the criminal legislator on the sharing of these two knowledges. These obstacles in front of the criminal legislator prevent the effective sharing of criminology knowledge.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research type, which was collected and analyzed using library sources.

The findings of the research indicate that cultural obstacles, political obstacles, economic obstacles, public opinion (criminal populism) and the globalization of science are among the most important obstacles to Iran's criminal legislation in benefiting from the doctrine of crime. It is science.

The knowledge of criminology is one of the important sources for the dynamics of criminal law, and because of this inherent dynamic, it requires careful management and policy making, therefore, benefiting from the achievements of criminology as a result of removing obstacles creates a kind of task or obligation for the criminal legislator as a symbol of sovereignty in Execution of justice becomes criminal.

Today, one of the problems of mankind is the catastrophe of disrupting the ecological balance, which is bioecology, nature killing, crime against the environment, or ecocide to any kind of extensive damage and destruction of natural landscapes and disruption or destruction of the ecosystem(s) of a region. It is said in such a way that the continuation of the existing species in that ecosystem(s) is endangered, this article seeks to identify criminal and non-criminal preventive responses to the phenomenon.

The present research is done in a descriptive and analytical way.

Green criminology, green cultural criminology, global criminology, and climate change criminology are considered the most important criminological foundations of environmental crime prevention. And the principles governing the prevention of environmental crimes (ecocide) include the principle of caution and prediction of environmental crimes, the globalized principle of environmental prevention, the principle of doing no harm and the prevention of environmental crimes, and the principle of participation in the prevention of environmental crimes.

The results of the research indicate that the solutions for the prevention of environmental crimes are possible by emphasizing the phenomenon of ecocide in the two axes of criminal prevention in the form of identifying ecocide as an international crime against peace and accepting criminal responsibility for governments for the crime of ecocide and non-criminal prevention can be presented with two approaches of situational prevention through problem identification as an operational solution and the use of new technologies, as well as social prevention through the role and position of non-governmental organizations, education-based prevention and the role of mass media.

Indirect victims are the second ones who, although they did not experience the crime directly, but due to the occurrence of that crime, suffering and indirect damages were inflicted on them. In this research, the authors analyzed and evaluated the most important gaps or challenges of Iran's criminal policy in comparison with the UK's criminal policy towards indirect victims, as well as the solutions of Iran's criminal justice system considering the English legal system, from the gaps or challenges related to indirect victims.

The comparative study of the legal system of the two countries has been done in a mixed manner and through descriptive and analytical methods.

Indirect victims are recognized in the legal system of the United Kingdom and the criminal policy of this country has been able to gain a superior position in comparison with other countries by establishing appropriate laws and regulations to protect indirect victims. In Iran, although indirect victims have not been explicitly recognized, in recent years efforts have been made to establish and implement regulations to protect the rights of this category of victims.

Iran's legal system is fragmented towards indirect victims and sometimes, such as protecting heirs or guardians, women and children. Therefore, although these types of victims have received attention and tacit support in the two legal systems of Iran and England, but this attention is accompanied by challenges and gaps that in order to fully support this category of victims,

 Effective and desirable participatory prevention is a fundamental issue and its implementation in practice is one of the most important concerns that governments pursue. Accuracy in the components and principles of optimal participatory prevention policies leads us to the concept and components of good governance doctrines, therefore, in this article, the presentation of collaborative prevention strategies with a non-criminal approach in the light of the components of good governance is discussed.

 The present research is done in a descriptive and analytical way.

  The findings of the research indicate that the principle of respecting human rights, the principle of respecting the privacy of individuals, the principle of preventive national policy and the principle of preventive public participation, the principles of good governance are included in non-criminal participatory prevention and reporting crimes and suspicious cases, involving victims in reducing crime statistics, equipping the media in the direction of collaborative prevention, collaborative police prevention, and collaborative clinical prevention are among the effects of collaborative criminal prevention in the light of good governance.

 The more components and principles of good governance are used in a more concerned manner, we are witnessing positive developments in the field of participatory prevention, therefore, both in terms of basis (theoretical and theoretical) and practical and practical. It is possible to establish a relationship between the standards of the components and the principles of good governance and participatory prevention and as a result, good governance by providing legal tools and mechanisms creates a framework in which experience-based participatory prevention policies can flourish.