فصلنامه مشکوه
پیاپی 157 (زمستان 1401)

"Self-compassion" is a fundamental moral virtue in the field of self-communication that helps a person in facing crisis, failure and suffering, and in the last two decades, psychologists have paid a lot of attention to it. On the other hand, the Holy Qur'an has many verses about the creation and promotion of this virtue, which have not been extracted so far and can be considered a big step in the development of existing educational studies. Psychologists have proposed special therapeutic approaches based on self-compassion; however, the Qur'an educational program can be searched in three areas of cognition, emotion and behavior. The issue of this research is to extract its emotional solutions as the middle layer of the Qur'anic education system with an analytical method. By examining the self-compassion verses, seven emotional-psychological components were obtained: connection to the center of existence, enrichment of the soul and exaltation of desires, gratitude, patience, hope for compensation, kind acceptance and negative emotions control (keeping calm). Compared to existing psychological approaches, these emotional solutions are more comprehensive, perfect and reassuring, and they have benefited from the richness of monotheistic psychology features such as faith in God, repentance, resurrection and eternal life.

Lack of belief in the purposefulness of creation and not knowing its real purpose has caused the life meaningless and leads to the emptiness and worthlessness by making people bewildered and confused. Confronting many and different goals throughout history is another factor of bewilderment and confusion and prevents mankind from creation real goal. Achieving the creation basic goal and explaining it correctly and accurately as well as stating the steps and conditions necessary to reach it, gives meaning and real peace to human life. Verse 56 of Surah Adh-Dhariyat has exclusively introduced "Worship" as the basic purpose of humans and jinn creation. Clarifying the real meaning of "Worship" and explaining the conditions necessary to reach this position will make man reach the creation real goal. Being on the path of divine worship and following the steps of its perfection with continuous scientific and practical efforts, combines human life with holy spirituality and leads to its spiritual excellence. Acquiring spiritual perfections and moral virtues as well as trying to get close to God has made human reach the highest position, i.e. "absolute servitude" and "confident soul". Acquiring spiritual perfections and moral virtues and trying to get close to God has made man reach the highest human position, i.e. "absolute servitude" and "tranquil soul", and by placing him on the path of divine love, he has reached the highest position of "divinity" which it is referred to as "unconditional wilāyah originating in God". Due to reaching this position, which is considered the highest human honor, the seeker is endowed with divine attributes, and with the continuation of the evolutionary process; he gains the power to occupy the creation world.

The relationship between ethics and politics is one of the complex mysteries in the political world. Therefore, different people and schools, while presenting their political thoughts and views, have tried to explain the relationship between these two categories. Some people think the effective use of political power is incompatible with moral principles and standards. On the contrary, it is a point of view that considers the observance of moral principles in this area necessary. The basic question is whether power and maintaining it is authentic, or values and moral principles are important and politics is the means of providing them? To answer this question, the present research referred to Nahj al-Balagha, which includes religious politics and ethical lifestyle. The main purpose of this research, which is organized by analytical-descriptive method, is to show the political behavior dimensions based on the ethics of Imam Ali (A.S.) in three areas of dealing with people, officials and opponents, in order to find an interpretive model of Imam Ali's (A.S.) morals and directed actions in the field of confrontation between political power and ethics. The research findings show the primacy of morality in the Alawites political system.

Believing that life without suffering is good, and illness, hardship and accidents are inevitable evils is an example of the beliefs which causes problems in a person's judgment and vision to the world. Cognitive psychology considers incorrect judgments and behaviors as a cause of incorrect schemas formation in the human mind. Each schema has a certain structure (components) that is transformed into an understandable concept with its inherent characteristics.Determining the components of good and evil based on their literal and idiomatic meaning and then examining the characteristics of these schemas from the Holy Qur’an perspective, shows that good and evil schemas concepts in the Holy Qur’an are different from the schemas in people's minds and beliefs. The path that the Holy Qur'an has shown to man about good and evil schemas is based on understanding or not understanding God's Lordship in the world and especially in life. Thinking and understanding based on Qur’anic good and evil schemas, causes a man discover the goodness of this system by himself instead of studying knowledge on the subject.

Hagiography research is an Islamic study that deals with the innocents’ lifestyle. This study requires some basic knowledge that is included under the principles of science. For this purpose, inspired by logic and using the eight principles, some of the most important preliminary topics such as: definition, position, topics and goals are examined about the study of history and the nature of this new foundational term is explained. The result of this research, which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, shows that the hagiography study is an interdisciplinary field that researches the issues of the biography of the innocents with the help of some Islamic knowledge such as history, tradition, jurisprudence and Islamic theology. Biography research with the subject of innocent action has three main topics: biography, validation and meaning-finding, and studied with the three goals of inference, realization, and modeling.

In the Holy Qur'an, the reason for man's coming to this world is to achieve the highest performance form: "Who hath created life and death that He may try you which of you is best in conduct" (67:2). Undoubtedly, from the beginning of human creation, there have been eminent people who have actualized this goal. The Qur'an mentions these people as prophets, righteous people, martyrs and notables. This article aims to clarify with a descriptive-analytical method what exactly the Holy Qur'an has explained in the verses for these four groups. For this purpose, after proving that they are the best and most perfect human beings, first the concept of each is clarified in thematic interpretation, and then to eliminate the conceptual interference and to clarify the distinction, with Looking at the human history from the beginning until now and paying attention to the narrative evidence, the example of each of them will be clearly explained. The results of this research show that the prophets, righteous people, and martyrs each had clear and distinct examples throughout history, and the true examples of the righteous will be in the age of occultation until the time of the appearance of the promised savior (A.S.).