Journal Of Tourism And Hospitality Research
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Winter 2022

Today, the tourism industry is of great interest in the world in a sustainable development strategy. In developing countries with an extremely high rural population, such as Iran, ecotourism is considered as a potential for economic growth. Rural women, as a group with multi-functional roles in the rural household economy, can be considered the leading players in the development of ecotourism. This; the article is prepared as a review. To; find related documents, 12,400 articles were found using Google Scholar and the keywords "Ecotourism" and "entrepreneurship." Then, by adding the word "rural women," the number of articles decreased to 384. Then the title and abstract of the articles were examined and those related to this research were selected. Moreover, finally, the studies and investigations conducted to answer the following three questions: What is Ecotourism? Is there a connection between ecotourism and empowerment? Can Ecotourism play a role in empowering rural women? Finally, some recommendations have been presented based on the findings.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting Iran’s tourism industry with a sustainable development approach.  The statistical population in the qualitative research includes experts and specialists in the tourism organization and professors with proficiency in the field of tourism, and the quantitative research comprises the experts of tourism development in the tourism organizations of Iran. The sampling methods in the qualitative and quantitative studies are purposeful and random stratified, respectively. The method of data collection in this research is based on library studies, a review of relevant texts and literature, and field-based and data collection is performed through interviews and questionnaires. Non-probability purposive sampling was applied to select the interviewees, and during this process, experts were tried to have practical experience in addition to theoretical knowledge. The results of the research demonstrate that based on the Dalala technique, the institutional criterion is the most effective and the sustainable human resources index has a very high level of effectiveness, and the criteria of sustainable human resources have the most interactions with other criteria studied. Furthermore, based on the structural equation technique, it was determined that all the identified factors have a significant impact on the development of the tourism industry.

The Potential of the Agh-Ghala geological site in the Gorgan area with a special view on its mud volcanoes and its role in sustainable tourism development was studied. The mud volcanoes of this geo-site include inches borun and Gharniarigh Tappeh, which are a geological heritage with outstanding scientific, cultural, touristic, industrial, and educational values that, in this research, its therapeutic effects were proved. The mineralogical and geochemical studies carried out by XRF&XRD methods show that both mud volcanoes have no significant toxic substances; their main minerals are quartz, calcite, dolomite, halite, and clay minerals such as smectite and illite. There is a high amount of elements boron, copper, iodine, bromine, vanadium, magnesium, sodium, calcium, organic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and bicarbonate. So mud volcanoes have a therapeutic aspect and can be one of the essential destinations for curative geo-tourism. Geological site of Agh-ghala with having wonderful geomorphology; if tourism infrastructures are provided in that area, such as suitable access roads, accommodation, welfare, security, signposts, proper supervision and management over the collection, etc. it can say that this potential Geo-site becomes a real Geo-site with aesthetic resources. The geo-site achieves its goals through conservation, education, and tourism. The goals consist of enhancing livelihoods, increasing local economic growth, and providing for environmental protection.

The tourism industry, as the largest and most diverse industry in the contemporary world, has become the primary source of income for many countries. like any other activity, it has many positive and negative effects. Maximize the positive effects to get the maximum benefit. In the meantime, the indiscriminate development of tourism in the 1970s and 1980s, was carried out without regard to the principles of sustainability and respect for the environment (both natural and human), led to tourism policymakers at the local, national, and international levels. They seek to find solutions to reduce the adverse effects of tourism. Therefore, a code of conduct or organization for tourism communities should be achieved so that codes can be modified and oblige people to comply with them. Moreover this caused the World Tourism Organization, the most significant international tourism organization in the world, to put the development of tourism ethics codes on its agenda.

Computers as innovative technological tools provides numerous advantages in the context of education and learning, particularly in regards to the acquisition of the English language. Nevertheless, the computerized corpus-based method has not attained widespread usage for instructing English specifically within the field of tourism. The present study aspired to scrutinize whether the students who underwent instructions via this method show a superior ability in expanding their English vocabulary for tourism and hospitality in comparison to those who were not subjected to such a method. The present study employed an experimental research methodology. A cohort of 52 students specializing in Tourism and Hospitality was allocated into two classes. The adoption of a computerized corpus-based method was observed. The results of the t-test indicated that the utilization of the experimental methodology did not yield noteworthy outcomes regarding its effectiveness in aiding students in developing their English vocabulary of the tourism in comparison to those who were not exposed to this method. The process was deemed to be time-intensive that necessitated considerable exertion in comprehending the corpus data owing to the presence of numerous unfamiliar terminologies evident in the authentic texts. Notwithstanding, the students generally demonstrated a favorable disposition towards this method.

Geological tourism is a basic supporting element and an essential format in the development of the tourism industry; It is also the development of domestic tourism of the more systematic and mature and has been widely accepted by tourists and a favorite product type; To all kinds of geological parks or geological scenic spots as the representative of the geological tourism has made rapid development, Also face the bottleneck of their development; To explore a variety of Geological tourism innovative development model, for the future of geological tourism has a positive exploration of value and practical significance. Also, if we can understand Geo-tourism as a touristic, not academic, activity and make a real effort to make Geology an attractive issue related to explanation of beauty of the landscape and with disentangling the mysteries of life and earth, far from the complexity of scientific concepts and geological processes, we shall be ready to make Geology an interesting subject for tourists. If we are conscious that, when talking about Geo-tourism and its touristic components, besides Geology, we are speaking about accommodation and eating facilities, the quality of accesses and services, and the excellence and attraction of merchandising products, we shall be able to make Geo-tourism equally attractive as other classical modalities of tourism. On the contrary, if we identify Geo-tourism with the teaching of Geology or with explaining Geology to groups, we will focus on a separate matter that may be interesting for some visitors.

In addition to the geological heritage and Scientific heritage the specialized geological museum of the Geological Survey of Iran (GSI), like all the specialized geological museums and multidisciplinary museums of natural sciences, is an essential factor in designing and compiling study and executive programs to protect the geological heritage of Iran. Although there is a long way to reach this goal, short-term and long-term planning as well as maintaining a closer relationship of geologists with this place can be introduced as effective measures to create a superior position, start targeted activities, and develop the concept of the museum of the Geological Survey of Iran. Considering the richness of this collection of all kinds of stones, minerals, and fossils collected from all over Iran, this geological collection and site museum is introduced as a valuable geological site with the attraction of geotourism and dinosaur geotourism. Which should be maintained and improved for scientific, educational, and tourism activities.