Sports Business Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Nowadays, the football business and players’ transfer have become integral in managing professional sports, which has become a pivotal part. Therefore, clubs try to sell, buy, and remove players. This study aimed to model the transfer of players based on the game theory approach. The Nash bargaining equilibrium was determined for the player, seller, and buyer club.

A model was represented in terms of clubs’ profit, players’ wages, and bargaining power of each party using a generalized Nash bargaining model. By solving the model, the optimal transfer fee was calculated.

Results show that the transfer fee depends on the bargaining power of clubs. Bargaining power of players and factors may be the rank of the source club in the previous season, the financial value of the source club, age, nationality and height of the player, performance of the player in the last season, number of substitutes in and out of the field, number of goals and assistances, number of yellow, red, and double yellow cards in previous season all are experimental factors on the bargaining power of players. Notably, the factors may differ in different leagues and various posts played by players.

Originality: 

Game theory is a theoretical framework for solving conflicts in political and social affairs. This study used this framework to solve the problem of transferring football players from one club to another, which is unique.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the role of documenting the co-creation of customer brand value based on the perceived risk in the sportswear industry.

Qualitative analysis was used. So, eleven interviews with e-commerce experts in Iran have been done. They were selected purposefully and collected data through semi-structured interviews. After analyzing the data, 62 basic themes were extracted, and six comprehensive themes were obtained.

We showed that the antecedents of co-creation of customer brand value based on the perceived risk in the sportswear industry include six comprehensive themes. They have customer-building behaviors, corporate branding, customer emotional perception, value creation, communication marketing, and expected risk. We argued that different dimensions of customer value co-creation could be influential in developing online businesses, especially in the sportswear industry.

Originality: 

This research discusses the analysis and documentation of customer brand value co-creation based on the time risk of online brand communities in the sportswear industry.

The current research was conducted to identify the key Propelling of customer lifetime value in sports clubs of Iran.

This research is practical in terms of purpose and mixed in nature and method. The research was conducted in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The sample in the qualitative section consisted of 16 sports experts and 413 sports managers of sports clubs in the quantitative section. The sample selection in the qualitative part was targeted with a snowball approach, and the data was collected with semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative section, the sample size was selected from the stratified random cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire output collected the data from the qualitative part. Collecting the data was done by the Delphi method, and structural equation Modelling was used to confirm the model. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 25 and Amos 26.

The results show that the key Propelling of customer lifetime value includes hardware, software, financial, strategic, social, motivational, behavioral, process, and executive factors.

Originality: 

Few studies have been conducted on customer lifetime value in sports. This paper is the internal research that identifies critical Propelling that affects customer lifetime value in sports clubs. Also, the results of this research show that the attention of sports managers to the nine identified factors effectively increases the lifetime value of sports customers. In line with the results, it is suggested that managers, by considering the components of motivational, executive, and behavioral factors in customer satisfaction and loyalty, improve their trust and confidence, and by considering strategic and financial factors, the ability to predict. They got the future status of the customers.

This study presents a strategic business development model for Iranian professional sports based on a global approach.

Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research topic. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 experts. According to the foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical and snowball sampling methods.

The research results showed that Iran's professional sports do not have a stable performance in both income and sports sectors. Also, obstacles and factors affecting strategic business development are based on a global approach in key players, stakeholders, sports structure, critical uncertainty, seniors, surprises, hardware infrastructure, human resources development, and development. It was achieved with the global approach, development consequences, and the preferred future of Iran's professional sports. For effective strategic business development based on a global approach in both sports and income should be provided with appropriate measures, compliance with requirements and taking into consideration considerations of the presented model, the basis for making the clubs profitable and, in the future, the financial and managerial independence of the club. Finally, acquire these previous properties to provide the basis for the optimal entry of clubs into the capital market.

Originality:

 Based on the grounded theory method, interviews with experts and using MAXQDA software, we draw the relationships between factors related to business development in professional sports.

This study aimed to identify strategies for developing Sports for All and physical activity based on social marketing.

The research method is mixed, so a qualitative approach and thematic analysis were used to collect the data. Then, an exploratory approach is considered for introducing sports solutions for all development. The 13 participants, including executive and academic experts, were selected by snowball sampling. In the next stage, a preliminary study was done using a random sampling method with 226 participants from sports coaches. Data analysis was carried out in the qualitative section using the theme analysis method and in the quantitative section using the DEMATEL and MIC-MAC techniques.

Based on the results of the DEMATEL technique, two solutions for "Employing Appropriate Reward and Punishment Systems of the Employees" and "Dividing the Society into Heterogeneous Groups" have ranked first and second among the practical solutions. Also, the finding was compared with the MIC-MAC result.

Originality: 

This study presents the Sport-For-All physical activity development strategies through social marketing approaches. Also, based on the customers' needs and participants in Sport-For-All activities, the suggested solutions have been prioritized by using decision-making techniques.

This study investigated the feasibility of starting a new sports business in the Iranian shoe industry. 

The research method was qualitative, utilizing library sources and interviews with 15 participants, including sports start-up owners and professionals from Science and Technology Park. The thematic analysis method was employed, and the sampling strategy was purposive. In addition, a questionnaire based on the AHP method was distributed among 10 participants to prioritize the key elements. In this regard, Expert Choice software was used.

The study identified economic, financial, environmental, technological, team, and market feasibility essential for launching a sports start-up in the shoe industry. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process approach, the prioritization of these elements was determined as economic, human resource, financial, market, technological, and environmental. In addition, the prioritization of the sub-elements of each of the feasibility studies was also presented. Sports business owners must conduct proper planning and feasibility assessments when launching sports start-ups, considering the current market conditions. The key elements identified in this study can be used for sports business projects in Iran's economy.

Originality:

 The research has a strategic perspective in examining the probability of successful sports startups, which has received little attention. This study also opens up a new approach to forecasting in the sports shoe industry.