نشریه ارزش آفرینی در مدیریت کسب و کار
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، بهار 1402)

The purpose of this research is the effect of organizational paradox on sustainability mechanisms at the company level, emphasizing the mediating role of learning ambidexterity which can be an approach towards the development of entrepreneurship. The current research is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population includes 400 managers of Iran Gas Transmission Company, 196 of whom were selected non-randomly as a sample using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability (factor loading, composite reliability coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient) were estimated as good. The results of hypothesis tested by SMART-PLS software show that the organizational paradox has a strong, direct, and significant effect on the Learning ambidexterity; and the Learning ambidexterity has, respectively, a strong, direct, and significant effect on organizational creativity; a medium, direct, and significant effect on organizational resilience; and a medium, direct, and significant effect on organizational energy. Finally, the Learning ambidexterity can play its mediating role. In spite of the designed model, it can be expected that the aforementioned department will definitely resort to learning ambidexterity role in order to develop entrepreneurship at the company level to better show the effects of the paradox of organization on sustainability mechanisms (creativity, resilience and energy).

This study has tried to show the studied company in an efficient way in the direction of development to more operational entrepreneurship in Iran as a country whose economy is developing, by providing a detailed view of the said mechanisms. In other words; since the Iranian Gas Transmission Company, as the largest subsidiary of the National Iranian Gas Company, has been able to allocate more than 20% of the working manpower (about 11 thousand people) in the gas industry with a background more than half a century, and despite the serious task of managing, preserving, maintaining and exploiting 70% of the physical assets of this huge industry, which is his responsibility; this company is operating with the aim of becoming a leading company in the world in the horizon of 2025. However, this company is not immune from continuous changes and turbulent environment, and the intensification of economic-political sanctions and the unclear prospects of negotiations in recent years have not only faced this company with challenges in the field of achieving its big goals, but have also impeded its development of entrepreneurship. Also, due to the operational nature of the company, the employees of this company must have a high level of creativity, resilience and organizational energy in order to overcome the problems faced by the company's entrepreneurial development. However, as it was said, focusing on one of the poles of organizational duality, either exploitation activities or exploratory activities, has reduced the organization's ability to deal with sudden changes and events, while the recent crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the importance of organizational ability in dealing with these changes, has highlighted the three mechanisms of "creativity, resilience and organizational energy". Since achieving a balance between exploratory and exploitative activities also requires different organizational characteristics, the paradox of organizing has been identified as a solution to the above conditions. But the failure of common types of organizational plans to simultaneously management of paradoxical activities has led to the need for more research in this field. Therefore, due to the lack of research evidence, this research seeks to answer this question: What effect will the paradox of organization have on sustainability mechanisms (organizational creativity, organizational energy, and organizational resilience) with emphasis on the mediating role of ambidextrous learning in the direction of entrepreneurship development?

Theoretical foundations:

Paradoxes are paradoxical, but there are still "simultaneously related elements that persist over time". Paradox can be seen as a stable conflict between interdependent elements or structures. Paradox theory represents tensions that exist simultaneously and persist over time, and that they present competing demands simultaneously that require ongoing responses rather than one-off decisions" (Schad & Bansal, 2018). Paradox at the organizational level includes cooperation and competition between alliances and network forms resulting from cooperation with competitors, in which exploration and exploitation cause continuous and contradictory demands in companies. In this context, it is suggested that companies should "participate; in exploitation to ensure the company's current viability, and in exploration to ensure its future viability". Past studies have shown that to ensure long-term survival, companies need continuous efforts to address multiple competitive demands (O'Reilly & Tushman, 2013). Organizational structure can play an important role in dealing with conflicting demands. According to Rivkin & Siggelkow (2006), organizational structure is simply "a set of methods in which work is divided into distinct tasks and then coordinated". Organizational structure is the way of mobilizing and using organizational resources in a wide range of activities and competitive demands (Siggelkow & Levinthal, 2003). Contingency theory is used to explain the conditions that lead to the adoption of centralized and decentralized approaches.

This research is "applicative" in terms of its purpose and "descriptive-correlation with a survey" in terms of the way of data collection. The statistical population (400 people) was managers of Iran Gas Transmission Company, 196 people of whom were selected by simple non-random method for the year 1401. The 10-question organizational paradox questionnaire of Lee & Choi (2003), the 6-question organizational creativity questionnaire of Lee & Choi, (2003) the 6-question resilience questionnaire of Somers (2009), the 14-question organizational energy questionnaire of Cole et al. (2005), and the 10-question ambidextrous learning questionnaire of Atuahene-Gima, K., Murray, (2007) were used as a data collection tool.

In order to investigate the hypotheses of the research, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used with SMART-PLS software.  The results related to the first hypothesis showed that the paradox of organizing has an effect on the ambidexterity of learning. The results related to the second hypothesis showed that the ambidexterity of learning has an effect on organizational creativity. The results related to the third hypothesis showed that the ambidexterity of learning has an effect on organizational resilience. The results related to the fourth hypothesis showed that the ambidexterity of learning has an effect on organizational energy. The results of the fifth, sixth and seventh hypothesis also stated that the ambidexterity of learning has a mediating role in the influence of the organizational paradox on the sustainability mechanisms at the company level (organizational creativity, organizational resilience, and organizational energy).

As it was said, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the paradox of organization on sustainability mechanisms with regard to the mediating role of duality of learning in the direction of entrepreneurship development. This research is in agreement with Pertusa-Ortega & Molina-Azorín (2018), Felin et al, (2012), Jansen (2005), Al-Atwi et al, (2021), Babazadeh et al, (2020), Kamali and Mirzaei (2019), Ebrahimi (2020), Do et al, (2022), Gayed & Ebrashi (2022), Schudy & Bruch (2010). In the end, considering the results of the structural equation model, it can be said that few studies have been conducted in the field of investigating the relationship between variables; for this reason, investigation and research on such relationships between these variables are important. Because reaching a clear understanding of what elements will help to increase the sustainability mechanisms at the company level (creativity, resilience and energy) in the direction of entrepreneurship development is very important. Therefore, this research created a basic prerequisite for effective and efficient corporate systems at the organizational level so that companies can fulfill their sustainability mechanisms towards the demands and needs of their employees. Finally, the results of this research have been a good starting point for further research both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, creating more knowledge and better predicting the relationship between the measured variables leads to a better understanding of the paradox of organization. In practical applications, additional information about the formation of these variables and their relationship with each other has helped the organization paradox to be able to step to the level of stability mechanisms through the duality of learning in the direction of employee satisfaction.

The purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of smart network governance in the country's banking system. This research was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. The participants of this research were upstream documents in the library department, and managers and experts of banking system of the country in the field department. People were selected by purposive sampling with the criterion of at least 10 years of teaching and research experience in the field of management. Sampling was done with the participation of 10 experts. The data collection tool consisted of two parts: review and exploration of research literature and upstream documents in the library part, and semi-structured interview in the field part. The semi-structured interview with the participants continued until the theoretical saturation stage. The method of analyzing the interviews was done using thematic analysis method (basic, organizing and inclusive themes). The process of coding and textual analysis of the interviews was done in the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA 2018. The results showed that the smart network governance model consists of seven dimensions of behavioral factors, structural factors, mechanism factors, comprehensive development, legal considerations, information and communication technology, stability and economic prosperity, along with 26 indicators.

The banking system plays a role as a part of the country's economic system, and in the best case, it can effectively fulfill the assigned missions. The effectiveness of the banking system will be possible when the other elements and parts of the country's economic complex are in their place and have a proper performance and can have a convergent interaction and participation with each other. In other words, if a country does not have appropriate and integrated economic, financial, commercial and industrial strategies, then it causes sub-optimal distribution of resources and actually will be like a surgery scalpel that is used incorrectly, even if the banking system plays its role properly. The connection and fusion of economic issues with the banking industry is an undeniable issue, so that whenever there is talk of the economy and improvement in the economic situation, a task is quickly assigned to the banking network and a significant share of the supporting factors goes to the banking industry. According to the majority of economic experts in Iran; this country has a bank-oriented economy, this coefficient of adhesion is much more evident; and for this reason, the banking network is expected to support and advance the economic goals. Therefore, in such conditions, compliance with banking requirements and standards to maintain the health of the bank's mechanism in the cycle of equipping and allocating financial resources under stable conditions is of particular importance and emphasized by all those involved in the country's economic system. One of the most important of them is the challenges faced by the public sector in the production of public goods and services (ibid). Network governance has been proposed as one of the desirable methods of governance means increasing the ability to solve sustainable issues in the fields of political, social and economic (Rashidi et al, 2021). This governance is done by cooperation between different stakeholders in the government, improving participation, increasing the integration of different resources, taking advantage of the capabilities of different stakeholders, and supporting collective action. One of the most important changes created by network governance (Kashyap et al, 2020) is increasing the importance of the network in the process of policy formulation, implementation and coordination of policy making programs and providing public services. The two main dimensions of network governance are structure and network actors. Actors of the network are determined to lead a specific program in this direction with the goal of the network and cooperate with each other (Martin, 2013).
According to the issues raised, what the researcher seeks to explain in this research is the design and development of a smart network governance model for the banking system of Iran using the network analysis decision-making technique based on behavioral, structural and mechanistic dimensions; which wants to identify, examine and explain them so that through them a new concept of social concepts can be introduced in the field of banking management to determine how the role and decisions of political, social and economic actors in the banking fields of the country with respect of the components of smart network cooperation and the participation of different groups and the influence of these components will play a role in the decision-making of actors in the administration of economic and banking affairs of the country. According to what has been said, the main research question is: what are the characteristics of the smart network governance model for the banking system of Iran? And to what extent is it valid?

Theoretical framework:

In the most general usage, governance is emphasized on the movement from the previous approach called government (a top-down legislative approach that aims to regulate the behavior of individuals and institutions in a specific and completely detailed way) towards governance (an approach that tries to adjust the parameters of the system in such a way that regulate the individuals and institutions act within it and as a result self-regulation is created and the system achieves the desired results) or the replacement of "exerting power on" with "giving power to" (Rashidi et al, 2021). Governance in public administration, in addition to paying attention to the activities of the aforementioned boards, mainly considers the supervisory and budgeting role of government organizations. This role of government organizations becomes more important regarding the activities of private organizations that conclude contracts for the provision of public services (Hill and Lynn, 2005). It also defined as "structures and processes by which people in society adopt decisions, set rules and share power" (Folke et al, 2005)
Smart governance includes political and active participation, citizen services and smart use of e-government. In addition, smart governance refers to the use of new communication channels, such as electronic government or "electronic democracy" (Pereira et al., 2018). Smart network governance in the country's banking system has the following dimensions.

The research method of this article is qualitative. It is the applied-developmental in terms of goal, and is in the category of qualitative research of the type of content analysis in terms of the research method (qualitative content analysis can be a research method for the subjective interpretation of the content of textual data through the processes of systematic classification, coding, and thematization or design known patterns). After taking the interviews from the participants and writing line by line the text related to the interviews, the researcher analyzed the texts. In fact, in this method, codes and concepts and categories were identified through the process of systematic classification, and then the factors of intelligent network governance have been identified. In this research, semi-structured interviews were used to present the model of smart network governance. A total of 10 interviewees in this research were interviewed separately. Also the effort was made to include those people in the research who, in addition to the willingness to participate in the interview, have sufficient information about the factors of smart network governance and have practical experience of this issue in their records. The snowball technique was also used to select people and each of the interviewees was asked to provide the researcher with a list of people who have the desire and expertise to participate in a research.

The data analysis has been done using MaxQuda. The research findings showed: The components of designing and compiling the smart network governance model for the banking system of Iran using the network analysis decision making technique include: Behavioral factors
 Structural factors
 Mechanism factors
 Comprehensive development
 Legal considerations
Information and communication technology
 Economic stability and prosperity

The purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of smart network governance in the country's banking system. The results showed that the dimensions of the model include: behavioral factors, structural factors, mechanism factors, all-round development, legal considerations, information and communication technology, economic stability and prosperity, and research components including: relationship characteristics, collaborative characteristics, network normative characteristics. , process-oriented organizational structure, intelligent infrastructure, public outsourcing, digital transformation plan, the formation of integrated electronic government, information technology revolution, intelligent management, information-based smartening, comprehensive information systems and information sharing, bank customer demand, society demand, Political development, economic development, social development, human development, paying attention to high-handed documents, multiple licensing of cements, amending laws and procedures, technology growth, growth of mass communication networks, control of economic crises, stability in economy, and management. The findings of this research are somewhat aligned with Hosseini et al., (2021), and Rashidi et al. (2021). According to the findings of this research, it is suggested in the practical field that it is necessary for banks to encourage people to participate in banking affairs while creating appropriate activities such as facilitating guarantees, facilitating laws related to social capital in the field of women and attracting their participation, correct and timely notification of the bank's plans for loan payments.

The aim of the research is to the effect of electronic satisfaction and trust on the intention to repurchase online by mediating the ease of use and moderating the online experience of customers in the digital store. In terms of purpose, the research method is practical; and based on the method of data collection, it is descriptive of causal type. The statistical population of the research is the customers of the digital goods store, which according to Cochran's formula for the unknown population size, the sample number was 384 people. The data was collected through a standard questionnaire and then analyzed by structural equation modeling method and using smart pls 3 software. The findings show that electronic trust and satisfaction variables had a significant effect on ease of use, and electronic trust and satisfaction and ease of use had a significant effect on online repurchase intention. Also, electronic trust and satisfaction have a significant effect on the intention to repurchase online with the mediating role of ease of use, which was confirmed by the Sobel test with a z-value of 2.374 for electronic satisfaction and 2.805 for electronic trust. Online customer experience moderates the relationship between customer satisfaction and online repurchase intention, and online experience moderates the relationship between online trust and online repurchase intention.

Today, online shopping has grown tremendously, and technological advancements have made shopping experiences significantly more efficient, transparent, and easy; and customers have become more aware of the value of online shopping with the growth and availability of e-commerce platforms worldwide, more price transparency, and faster delivery time (Delgosha & Hajiheydari, 2020). Increasing competition in the market has forced businesses to create stronger relationships with their customers, which has a positive effect on their repurchase decisions (Antwi, 2021).
Repurchase intention is a situation in which consumers decide to buy products or services from the same company for the second time (Naghdi, 2021). To maintain a market presence, customer needs must be accurately understood; which helps the market to improve customer trust by improving service quality, and increase customer satisfaction and encourage the desire to buy (Putri et al, 2023). A study is needed to understand how e-commerce creates trust and satisfaction in its consumers. The main issue of the current research is whether electronic satisfaction and trust affect online repurchase intention through the mediation of ease of use and moderation of the online experience of customers.

Theoretical Framework:

Nabila et al., (2023) showed in a study that ease of use and trust have a positive and significant effect on the intention to repurchase online. Also, customer trust has a positive and significant effect on electronic satisfaction.
Abdulmaleki & et al, (2023), shows that satisfaction and enjoyable electronic experience play a mediating role in the relationship between electronic service quality and purchase intention.
Wijaya & Nurcaya (2017) argue that satisfaction is a consumer feeling in which customers feel the best that a company offers. The effect of satisfaction certainly leads to repurchase intention for certain companies or products.

Due to the use of a new approach, the current research is considered applicable, which was carried out using a causal survey-descriptive method. The statistical population of the Digikala store customer research, which was obtained to determine the number of samples according to Cochran's formula for the size of the unknown population, was 384 numbers of people. It has been analyzed by SPSS and SMART PLS3 software. To collect and measure data, a 20-item questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used as follows:The questionnaire of Ginting et al., (2023) with 5 items in the repurchase part, the questionnaire of Barbu et al., (2021) with 3 items for ease of use of, the questionnaire of Nabila et al., (2023) with 4 items for electronic trust, the questionnaire of Barbu et al., (2021) with 5 items for customer experience, and the questionnaire of Ginting et al., (2023) with 3 items in the electronic satisfaction section were used. Also, its validity has been confirmed by professors and experts, and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

First hypothesis: there is a significant relationship between electronic trust and ease of use.
It was observed that the T-statistic between the two variables is equal to 7.608, since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, electronic trust has a significant effect on ease of use.
Second hypothesis: there is a significant relationship between electric trust and online repurchase intention.
It was observed that the t-statistic between two variables is equal to 2.043, and since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, electronic trust has a significant effect on the intention to buy online.
Third hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between electronic satisfaction and ease of use.
The t-statistic values between the two variables are equal to 3.566, and since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, electronic satisfaction has a significant effect on the ease of use.
Fourth hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between electronic satisfaction and online repurchase intention. Also, the t-statistic between the two variables was observed as 5.994 and since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, the hypothesis of electronic satisfaction has a significant effect on online purchase intention.
Fifth hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between ease of use and repurchase intention.
The t-statistic between the two variables is equal to 3.001. And since this value is greater than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, ease of use positively and significantly affects the intention to buy online.
Sixth hypothesis: there is a significant relationship between electronic trust in online purchase intention and the mediating role of ease of use.
The T-statistic between the two variables was found to be 2.842, and since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, electronic trust has a positive and significant effect on the intention to buy online with the mediating role of ease of use.
Seventh hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between electronic satisfaction on online purchase intention and the mediating role of ease of use.
Also, the t-statistic between the two variables was observed as 2.152, and since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, electronic satisfaction has an effect on on-line purchase intention with the mediating role of ease of use, and ease of use can be a mediator for on-line purchase intention, which indicates the customers' satisfaction.
Hypothesis 8: Online customer experience moderates the relationship between e-trust and on-line repurchase intention.
The t-statistic between the two variables is equal to 2.002, and since this value is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, it can be concluded that with at least 95% confidence, online customer experience moderates the relationship between customer trust and online repurchase intention.
Hypothesis 9: Online customer experience moderates the relationship between e-satisfaction and online repurchase intention.
The value of the t-statistic between the two variables is equal to 2.666, and is higher than the borderline value of 1.96, as a result, with at least 95% confidence, online customer experience moderates the relationship between customer satisfaction and online repurchase intention.

The results of the first hypothesis are consistent with the researches of Wilson et al, (2021) and Anifa (2022). Therefore, increasing the trust of customers makes it possible for them to pay less attention to the problems related to the purchase with a mental set and practical plan suitable for a successful trading experience, which increases the ease of use.The results of the second hypothesis are in line with the researches of Puti et al, (2023) and Ikhsan & Lestari (2021). If the managers of the marketing department can promote trust in electronic environments among their customers during the purchase process and try to create transparency about the process of carrying out activities in the store, they can believe that the purchase process be repeated The results of the third hypothesis show that the higher the level of consumer satisfaction, the easier the use of the products. Consumers provide a good evaluation of service and product performance for the satisfaction they feel from purchasing a product or service.
The results of the fourth phase are consistent with the researches of Ginting et al, (2023) and Anifa (2022). Marketing stimuli that look different in augmented reality can give a distinct impression to consumers, creating a sense of satisfaction in the shopping experience and encouraging repeat purchases. The results of the fifth hypothesis are consistent with the researches of Nabila et al, (2023) and Anifa (2022). Ease of use can make customers repurchase existing products because of ease of use. The results of the sixth hypothesis are in line with the researches of Wilson (2019) and Subagio et al, (2018). It shows that the user's perceived ease of trial feature of the virtual product can mediate the repurchase intention relationship that is used with trust.
The results of the seventh hypothesis are in line with the research of Nabila et al, (2023) and Diyanti, Syarifa Yulindar (2021).
The results of the eighth hypothesis are in line with Miao et al., (2022). Internet stores should take a creative approach to meet the needs of customers and increase customer trust by creating appropriate platforms.
The results in the ninth hypothesis were in line with the research Miao et al, (2022). The more positive experiences received from the product from a store, the more satisfied the customer will be with the store, and as a result, he will consider the positive experience as a suitable frame in his mind, and the more likely he is to repeat the purchase of the products.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of using electronic marketing and information technology in the business of Minoo food industry in the period of economic recession. The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of the nature and method of data collection, positivist in terms of research philosophy, and deductive in terms of approach. The statistical population of this research includes 41 experts and managers of sales, finance, and IT in Minoow food industry; and the sampling method used in this research is a combination of simple and available random methods. The collection tools in the current research include the questionnaires of Akbari (2011), Hersi and Goldsmith (2000), and Hoyz (1855). SPSS software was used for data analysis, and PLS software was used for structural equation modeling. According to the findings of the research, the results of the survey showed that information technology support has a positive and significant effect on the business of the food industry in Minoo food industry in the economic recession. Knowledge of information technology does not have a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo food industry in the economic recession. The managerial beliefs of marketing preparations and the implementation of electronic marketing have a positive and significant effect on the business of the food industry in Minoo food industry in the economic recession, and information technology and electronic marketing have a positive and significant impact on the business of the food industries of Minoo food industry, but with the introduction of the moderator of the economic recession, no effect significance was observed.

Today, social media is the voice of customers as a communicative way and helps them to interact and share their wishes with the whole world. According to these cases, social media has been accepted as a necessary and widespread platform in the world of e-commerce (Shaltoni, 2017). Although marketing through social media has had a great impact on the business world, there still is no social scale in the field of electronic commerce in current publications to evaluate the level of understanding and awareness of consumers towards marketing activities through social media (Zhang & Berghall, 2021).
Today, with a deep look at the surrounding world, it can be stated that in today's world, the increasing development of information technology has tremendous and significant effects on the dimensions of human life, and it can be claimed that information is the main factor and platform for gaining power. Based on the characteristics and conditions of the contemporary period, the nature of employment, human resources, and the workplace; it has  undergone fundamental changes that is mixed with human life and requires it the use of information. The emergence of information and communication technology dates back to a few decades ago, and since then, it has affected various areas of human life at a speed beyond imagination (Mehdinezhad Nori et al, 2019).The main question of the present research is; to what extent electronic marketing and information technology can be effective in the business of food industries in Minoo during the economic recession?

Theoretical framework:

Information technology deals with issues such as the use of electronic computers and software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information in a safe and secure manner. Recently, a slight change is given in this term so that it clearly includes the circle of electronic communications. Therefore, some people prefer to use the term "information and communication technology" (Rezaei et al, 2015).
In economic definitions, negative growth in the economy of a country for two consecutive three-month periods is considered economic stagnation. Increase in unemployment rates, stagnation in production, decrease in investments, disorder in business activities, as a result of which prices are inappropriate and purchasing power decreases, all occurs during economic recession. In other words, recession is a period when there is a significant decrease in the four factors of employment, production, income, and trade. This period usually lasts at least six months to one year. According to this, recession means a decrease in the real GDP growth rate (Kevin & Whyte, 2018).
Ashjaei et al, (2022) discussed the alignment of information technology, business and marketing strategies and its effect on export and business performance in crisis situations. The results showed that information technology strategies have an effect on commercial performance; marketing strategies have an effect on commercial and export performance; and finally, organizational strategies have an effect on the overall performance of Razavi's food industry in the Covid-19 crisis. Also, the effect of information technology strategies on export performance and the effect of business strategies on export and commercial performance were not confirmed.
Jalilvand (2021) investigated the impact of information technology on the empowerment of employees of Tehran Municipality, Region 14. The results showed that information technology has a positive and significant effect on the empowerment of employees of Tehran Municipality, Region 14. In other words, the results of the analysis indicate that the empowerment of employees is affected by the use of information technology in the organization.

This research is applicable in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of its nature and method, positivist in terms of research philosophy, and deductive in terms of approach. The statistical population of the research includes managers and experts of Minoo food industry factory, whose number is 41 people.

SPSS software was used for data analysis and PLS software was used for structural equation modeling. The results of the first hypothesis showed that at the confidence level of 0.95, based on the results of the table, the path coefficient for the information technology support variable is 0.293. Considering that the significance level of T is greater than 1.96, it is determined that technology support information has a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo company in the economic recession. Also, the path coefficient for information technology knowledge variable is 0.0292. Due to the fact that the significance level of T is smaller than 1.96, it is determined that the knowledge of information technology does not have a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo company in the economic recession. The results of the second hypothesis showed that at the confidence level of 0.95, the path coefficient regarding the managerial beliefs variable is 0.093. Due to the fact that the significance level of t is greater than 1.96, it is determined that Managerial beliefs have a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo company in the economic recession. At the confidence level of 0.95, based on the results of the path coefficient regarding the variable of marketing preparations, the amount is 0.293. Due to the fact that the significance level of T is greater than 1.96, it is determined that marketing preparations have a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo company in the economic recession. At the confidence level of 0.95, the path coefficient regarding the electronic marketing implementation variable (implementation) is 0.476. Considering that the significance level of T is greater than 1.96, it is clear that the implementation of electronic marketing (implementation) has a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo company in the economic recession. The results of the third hypothesis showed that at the confidence level of 0.95, based on the results of Table 9, the coefficient of the path regarding the information technology variable is 0.134. Due to the fact that the significance level of T is greater than 1.96, it is determined that information technology has a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo Food Company in the economic recession. The results of the third hypothesis showed that at the confidence level of 0.95, based on the results of the table, the path coefficient regarding the electronic marketing implementation variable is 0.640. Considering that the significance level of T is greater than 1.96, it is clear that electronic marketing has a positive and significant effect on the business of Minoo Food Company in the economic recession. Examining the moderating role of economic recession showed that although this variable was able to reduce the impact of the two variables of information technology and electronic marketing on the business of Minoo Company, this reduction was not significant.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of using electronic marketing and information technology in the business of Minoo food industry in the period of economic recession. The research findings are consistent with the results of Milani et al, (2021), Jalilvand (2021), and Cepeda et al, (2021). The examination of the central and dispersion indicators showed that the respondents in this organization evaluated the state of being involved in electronic business as an average strategic necessity. Emphasis on employees for the dependence of organizational success on accepting advanced e-marketing resources has been assessed as moderate, and encouraging activities related to e-marketing in the organization has also been reported as moderate. Also, half of the respondents believed that the organization should be seriously involved in electronic marketing activities According to the results of the research, it is suggested to formulate a long-term plan in the field of information technology and human resources systems in the company in the form of three main axes of using the information technology system and human resources systems in the company, including people, infrastructure and applications. Based on this program, structural changes may also be predicted.

The purpose of the current research is to design an electronic human resource management model based on knowledge creation in knowledge-based companies. The research method is qualitative, and applicable in terms of purpose, and basic research kind. To collect and analyze the data, the foundation's data theory research strategy was used. The statistical population of the research includes 12 managers and experts in the field of electronic human resources management in knowledge-based companies who were selected through theoretical sampling. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Open, central and selective coding was used for data analysis, and MAXQDA 10 software was used to code the interviews. The results indicated that the electronic human resource management model based on knowledge creation in knowledge-based companies includes 10 dimensions (structural factors, environmental factors, cultural factors, strategy factors, organizational factors, technology factors, electronic planning, electronic recruitment, electronic training and electronic performance) and 38 components that were placed in the paradigm model of research in the form of causal, contextual, interventional conditions, strategies and consequences.

The main purpose of establishing knowledge-based companies is to obtain scientific achievements (Damavandian and Peyman, 2022). Knowledge in these companies has become very important, both quantitatively and qualitatively; and electronic tools are used to promote economic incentives (Jebali & Meschitti, 2020). Knowledge creation includes social and cooperative mechanisms as well as cognitive mechanisms of individuals. This is how knowledge is created, shared, developed and sustained. This requires communication and knowledge learning in the electronic network existing across the boundaries of a company (El Said, 2015). In such a situation, these companies need strategies to understand the factors affecting the development of new knowledge creation in order to align with the boundaries of knowledge and keep pace with dynamic environmental conditions (Al-Tal & Emeagwali, 2019). Since the main factor of creating productivity is improving people's knowledge and using their capabilities, therefore, creating knowledge as an important strategic factor has a high position in these companies. In this situation, it can be expected that the creation of knowledge in these companies will lead to the growth and improvement of the national economy. It is not possible to create knowledge without paying attention to its tools. Electronic human resources management provides managers with a wide range of different tools in the field of various functions. Electronic human resource management refers to performing human resource management activities using web technologies and seeks to provide information to managers and employees at any time and place (Berber et al, 2018). In recent years, the use of electronic human resource management and web-based technologies for human resource management procedures and policies in developed companies is growing (Ma & Ye, 2015).
Based on this, the current research is looking for an answer to this question: what is the identification of the effective factors of electronic human resource management based on knowledge creation in knowledge-based companies?

Theoretical framework:

Electronic human resource management was expressed in the nineties and refers to the implementation of human resource functions using the Internet (Stone, 2017). Electronic human resource management is defined as the way of applying human resource management strategies, policies' and measures in organizations through a guided and informed support of them, which is done using web-based channels. Also, in another definition, electronic human resource management is the application of web-based technology for human resource management policies and actions that are maturing in organizational life (Fatemi & Shayestehpor, 2023).
In the current global economy, knowledge creation has become the most important factor in gaining a competitive advantage for companies. Rapid developments in the competitive environment as well as the needs of customers have made paying attention to the mechanism of knowledge creation one of the obligations, especially for commercial and knowledge-based companies. Knowledge -based companies have to be sustainable in the competitive arena and must create new knowledge with their knowledge-based functions and present it to the audience market in the form of their products (Luse at al, 2013).
Fatemi & Shayestehpor (2023) investigated the impact of blockchain technology on electronic human resource management in the insurance industry and using a questionnaire in a sample of 384 employees of the insurance industry, they showed that blockchain technology has a significant impact on electronic human resource management in the insurance industry. Afrasiabi et al, (2022), in a research, investigated the effect of electronic management of human resources on the bank's competitive power through the mediation of electronic trust of Zahedan Bank Maskan employees, and by studying 169 of these employees and using the structural equation modeling method, they showed that between management Electronic human resources, competitive power and electronic trust have a positive and significant effect.

The research method is qualitative, and applicable in terms of its purpose, and is basic research kind. To collect and analyze the data, the foundation's data theory research strategy was used. The statistical population of the research includes 12 managers and experts in the field of electronic human resources management in knowledge-based companies who were selected through theoretical sampling. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview.

For data analysis, open, central and selective coding was used, and MAXQDA10 software was used to code the interviews. The results indicated that the electronic human resource management model based on knowledge creation in knowledge-based companies includes 10 dimensions (structural factors, environmental factors, cultural factors, strategy factors, organizational factors, technology factors, electronic planning, electronic recruitment, electronic training and electronic performance) and 38 components that were placed in the paradigm model of research in the form of causal, contextual, interventional conditions, strategies and consequences.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing an electronic human resource management model based on knowledge creation in knowledge-based companies. The results of this research are consistent with the findings of researchers such as Johnson et al, (2021), Eslami et al, (2022), Afrasiabi et al, (2022), Fatemi & Shayestehpor (2023), and Valeau & Paillé (2017). In this context Johnson et al, (2021) have pointed out that the potential use of electronic human resource management is a tool to increase human resource innovation. Past studies suggest that electronic HR management may make the role of HR more efficient and improve service delivery, leading to the adoption of an important role in business strategy. In addition, considering human resources management with electronic technologies facilitates the competition and efficiency of knowledge-based companies.
According to the results of the research, it is suggested that activities related to the education of information technology structures should be provided in the organization, a comprehensive education environment should be made available in the organization, and educational policies and programs should be developed in the organization. Also, in the organization, the training of working with electronic systems is carried out for new employees. Considering the role of organizational, environmental and cultural factors, it is suggested that the organization should pay special attention to the effective participation of employees in matters, establish effective communication between human resource managers and information systems, employees in the organization should have access to communication and participation in the problem solving teams and can talk about the problems related to the electronicization of the work process and share these problems with the managers.

The purpose of this research is to present a green human resource management model. This research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of the method of data collection, and meta-composite in terms of the research implementation method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 organizational experts, managers and specialists in the field of human resources, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Extracting the components and indicators of green human resources management was obtained from the review of the background and theoretical foundations, and then the fuzzy Delphi method was used for analysis in three rounds. The components and dimensions of green human resources management include 9 dimensions of green process, green strategy, green support, green culture, green training, green reward, green participation, green job analysis and design, green discipline management, and 20 components were identified and confirmed. The results showed that the dimension of green strategy in green human resource management in the first stage acquired with an average of (0.967) and in the second with an average of (0.942), that the obtained numbers almost overlap in the two final stages. Also, the results show that in the dimension of green strategy, the component of green strategic alignment has the highest opinions of experts; in the first stage with an average of (0.990) and in the second with an average of (0.973), which shows the full saturation of experts' opinions and the overlap of these two stages.

Human resource management is one of the main responsibilities of management in any organization, and all managers at multiple levels of the organization have this responsibility in some way (Bombiak & Marciniuk-Kluska, 2018). The high complexity of businesses and jobs in the world has led to their competitiveness, and for this reason, companies should pay special attention to value creation and be responsible in addition to efficiency (Kour & Joshi, 2020). Accountability is not only limited to work and fulfilling obligations to customers. One of the most important things is being responsible for the environment. For this reason, companies should pay attention to environmental issues and move towards "green" processes and actions (Singh et al, 2020). Green management is possible for the realization and convergence of green values and a wide range of economic, social, political and legal motivations only by benefiting from green human resource management (Evazkhah, 2020).
Green human resource management includes the process of support strategy and green culture; this means that human resource processes are redesigned based on environmental goals and strategies, and by supporting an environmentally friendly lifestyle, green culture is institutionalized in the organization. For successful implementation, factors at the individual, organizational and extra-organizational levels are effective. Finally, successful implementation leads to positive consequences at the individual, organizational and extra-organizational levels (Yeganegi & Safari, 2020).
Therefore, according to the issues raised, the current research aims to answer the question: what is the appropriate model of green human resource management with a metacombination approach?

Theoretical framework:

Green human resource management can be defined as human resource management actions and policies that cause the sustainability of a business and more important than all, prevent the damages caused by anti-environmental activities in organizations. (Yussoff et al, 2020). Organizations, as the largest members of societies, should recognize the effects of their behaviors on the environment and take measures to reduce the negative effects of these behaviors on natural ecosystems. Green human resource management, as a strong tool that assumes the role of human factors, can help organizations to fulfill their social responsibilities in order to protect the environment (Barati, 2021).
Hajizadeh et al, (2022) investigated the identification and ranking of the antecedents of green human resource management with fuzzy Delphi approaches and hierarchical analysis. The findings showed that organizational factors with a weight of 0.627 dimensions were ranked 1st, and among its components, the quality of human resources was ranked first with a weight of 0.359. Technological factors were also ranked second with a weight of 0.289, and the advantage component was also ranked first. Environmental factors with a weight of 0.084 dimensions, was obtained with a dimension rank of 3, and among its components, government support with a weight of 0.336 was ranked first. The overall results indicated that the organizational factor ranked first in terms of importance, the technology factor ranked second, and the environmental factor ranked third.
Alirezaei et al, (2022) investigated the impact of green transformational leadership on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness in small and medium businesses of Sirjan Special Economic Zone. The findings of the research indicate that, in general, green transformational leadership has a significant effect on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness.

This research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data collection, and meta-composite in terms of the research implementation method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 organizational experts, managers and specialists in the field of human resources, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Extracting the components and indicators of green human resources management is based on the background and theoretical foundations, and then the fuzzy Delphi method was used for analysis.

For the analysis, the background review and theoretical foundations, and then the fuzzy Delphi method was used. The components and dimensions of green human resources management include 9 dimensions of green process, green strategy, green support, green culture, green training, green reward, green participation, green job analysis and design, green discipline management; and 20 components were identified and confirmed. The results showed that the dimension of green strategy in green human resource management in the first stage obtained with an average of (0.967) and the second with an average of (0.942), that the obtained numbers almost overlap in the two final stages. Also, the results show that in the dimension of green strategy, the component of green strategic alignment has the highest opinions of experts; in the first stage with an average of (0.990) and in the second with an average of (0.973), which shows the full saturation of experts' opinions and the overlap of these two stages.

The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a green human resource management model. The present research is in line with the results of Alirezaei et al, (2022), Hajizadeh et al, (2022), Sidra Munawar et al, (2022), Fazlali & Moazzami (2022), Yu et al, (2020), Rezaei et al, (2020), and Farrokhi et al, (2017). Alam & Bahramzadeh (2022) showed that considering the many environmental problems that the hotel industry is facing, this industry has undergone a lot of pressure to respond to these problems by implementing sustainable strategies such as green human resource management. Their findings showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between green human resource management and green performance related to tasks and innovativeness. Also, green human resource management works have a positive effect on employees' environmental care behaviors, and also promote environmental efficiency programs in the organization. Also, green human resource management is directly and positively related to innovative green performance and the great role of environmental behaviors in the workplace, and confirms an indirect and significant relationship between green human resource management and innovative green performance of employees due to the mediating role of environmental awareness.
According to the results obtained, organizations are suggested to pay attention to the review of their human resources management system and move towards green human resources management, such as paying more attention to green criteria in human resources subsystems (such as green recruitment and hiring, green training and development, green performance evaluation, green service compensation). It is suggested that the development of green human resource management strategies should be included in the human resource management agenda of petrochemical companies, considering the concerns and issues of the day. It is suggested to increase the knowledge and awareness of the employees with accurate needs assessment and holding green courses to the senior managers of these companies. It is suggested that human resource managers and senior managers of organizations, after hiring new staff, should consider criteria to evaluate the performance of employees based on the standards, according to which benefits and rewards will be paid to employees.